HOLIDAY HOMEWORK

CLASS 12
COMMERCE
ENGLISH-:
Your project will include: -Preface and Acknowledgement -Certificate -Index -Context
with pictures, collage and other visuals -- Bibliography

Topic: Lost Spring- 'Life in a Slum'

1- Briefly describe the concept of child labour and it prevalence in India

2-Analyse the effect of chlid labour on children's physical , mental and emotional well-
being.
3- Life in a slums
4- Education in slums
5- Health and Infrastructure
6- Different welfare initiatives by the Government and NGOs.
7- Role of youth in the development or upliftment of the weaker section of the society
8- Research and case study of a slum.
9 –interview
ACCOUNTANCY-:
Do the given worksheet
BUISNESS STUDIES-:
Do the given worksheet
ECONOMICS-:
Do the given worksheet
COMPUTER-:
Do the given worksheet
APPLIED MATHS-:
Do the given worksheet
हिन्दी-:
1-जनसंचार
2-भारतीय लोक कलाएं
3-नारी सशक्ततकरण
4-संघर्षशील व्यक्ततत्व
 HOLIDAY HOMEWORK

CLASS 12

Economics

Complete the sheet in your notebook.

Macroeconomics

National Income and Related Aggregates (10 Marks)

Circular Flow of Income

Q1. Explain the Circular Flow of Income in a two-sector economy.

Q2. Discuss the concepts of: (i) Stock (ii)Flow (iii) Real Flow and (iv) Money Flow.

Q3. Distinguish between: (i) Stock and Flow (ii) Real Flow and Money Flow.

Basic Concepts of Macroeconomics.

Q4. What is meant by factor income from abroad? Briefly discuss its various components.

Q5. Explain, in brief, the meaning of consumption goods and capital goods.

Q6. Distinguish between:

(i) Intermediate Goods and Final Goods (ii) Factor Income and Transfer Income
National Income and Related Aggregates

Q7. Give the meanings of:

(i) NDPFC: (ii) NDP MP: (iii) GDPFC: (iv) GDPMP: (v) NNPFC: (vi)NNPMP: (vii) GNPFC: (viii) GNPMP.

Q8. Distinguish between:

(i) Domestic Income and National Income

(ii) National Income and GDPMP
(iii) GDPMP and GNPMP
Mesurement of National Income

Q9. Discuss in brief the steps and precautions of:

(i) Value Added Method (ii) Income Method (iii) Expenditure Method

Q10. Explain the problem of double counting. How can it be avoided?

Q11. Briefly discuss the meaning of Mixed Income.

Q12.Discuss the concepts of Real GDP and Nominal GDP.

Q13. How far GDP can be taken as an indicator of economic welfare?

Money And Banking (6Marks)

Money

Q14. What is a barter system? Discuss its drawback.

Q15.Define money. What is meant ‘money supply’? Discuss, in brief:

(i) Currency held by the Public; (ii) Net Demand Deposits held by Commercial Banks.

Banking

Q16.What is meant by commercial bank? What are the two essential condition for an institution to
become a bank?

Q17. Explain the concept of money creation or credit creation done by commercial banks with the
help of an example

Q18. What is meant by a Central Bank? Why is it known as an Apex Bank?

Q19. Discuss the difference between Central Bank and Commercial Bank.

Q20 Explain the following functions of a Central Bank:

(i) Current Authority or Bank of Issue (ii) Banker’s Bank and Supervisor
(ii) Bank to the Government (iv) Controller of Money Supply and Credit.

Q21.What are open market operations? What is their effect on the availability of credit?

Q22. What is Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate and Bank Rate Policy? How do they work as methods of
credit control?

Q23.How does change in marginal requirements help in controlling credit?

Q24.Define cash reserve ratio and statutory liquidity ratio. How do they work as methods of credit
control?

GOVERNMENT BUDGET AND THE ECONOMY {6 MARKS}

Q25. Define Government budget. Explain the various objectives of government budget.
Q26. What is meant by non-tax revenue? Explain the different sources of non-tax revenue.
Q27. Define tax revenue. What are the two kinds of tax revenues? Give two examples of each.
Q28. Distinguish between:
(i) Direct Tax and Indirect Tax
(ii) Revenue Receipts and Capital Receipts
(iii) Revenue Expenditure and Capital Expenditure
Q29. What is the basis of classifying government expenditure into revenue expenditure and capital
expenditure?
Q30. Categories the items into:
(i) Revenue Receipts and Capital Receipts
(ii) Direct Tax and Indirect Tax
(iii) Revenue Expenditure and Capital Expenditure
Q31. What is meant by revenue deficit?
Q32. Discuss the concept of fiscal deficit.
Q33. What do you mean by primary deficit?
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS {6 MARKS}
Foreign Exchange Rate
34. Give the meaning of:
(i) Foreign Exchange; (ii) Foreign Exchange Rate; (ii) Foreign Exchange Market.
35. Discuss the concepts of:
(i) Fixed exchange rate system; (ii) Flexible exchange rate system; (ii) Managed floating rate system.
36. Distinguish between:
(i) Devaluation and depreciation of Domestic Currency;
(ii) Revaluation and Appreciation of Domestic Currency.
37. Discuss the major reasons for demand (outflow) and supply (inflow) of foreign exchange.
38. Why does a rise in foreign exchange rate cause a rise in its supply? Introductory Macroeconomics
39. Explain the effects of 'Appreciation' and 'Depreciation' of domestic currency on exports and
imports.
Balance of Payments
40. What is the meaning of balance of payments? State its main components.
41. What is the meaning of balance of trade? What does a deficit in the balance of trade account
indicate?
42. What is meant by Current Account? Briefly discuss its various components.
43. What is capital account? What items are included in the capital account of balance of payments?
44. Distinguish between:
(i) Balance of Trade and Balance of Payments
(ii) Current Account and Capital Account
(iii) Autonomous Items and Accommodating Items.
45. What is meant by deficit in balance of payments
 Dr. Virendra Swarup Education Centre, Panki, Kanpur
Subject- Computer Science with Python (083)
Class: XII Holiday Home-Work
Session 2025-2026

1. To open a file c:\scores.txt for reading, we use _____________

a) infile = open(“c:\scores.txt”, “r”) b) infile = open(“c:\\scores.txt”, “r”)
c) infile = open(file = “c:\scores.txt”, “r”) d) infile = open(file = “c:\\scores.txt”, “r”)

2. To open a file c:\scores.txt for writing, we use ____________

a) outfile = open(“c:\scores.txt”, “w”) b) outfile = open(“c:\\scores.txt”, “w”)
c) outfile = open(file = “c:\scores.txt”, “w”) d) outfile = open(file = “c:\\scores.txt”, “w”)

3. To open a file c:\scores.txt for appending data, we use ____________

a) outfile = open(“c:\\scores.txt”, “a”) b) outfile = open(“c:\\scores.txt”, “rw”)
c) outfile = open(file = “c:\scores.txt”, “w”) d) outfile = open(file = “c:\\scores.txt”, “w”)

4. Which of the following statements are true?

a) When you open a file for reading, if the file does not exist, an error occurs.
b) When you open a file for writing, if the file does not exist, a new file is created.
c) When you open a file for writing, if the file exists, the existing file is overwritten with the new file.
d) All of the mentioned.

5. To read two characters from a file object infile, we use ____________

a) infile.read(2) b) infile.read() c) infile.readline() d) infile.readlines()

6. To read the entire remaining contents of the file as a string from a file object infile, we use _______
a) infile.read(2) b) infile.read() c) infile.readline() d) infile.readlines()

7. To read the next line of the file from a file object infile, we use ____________
a) infile.read(2) b) infile.read() c) infile.readline() d) infile.readlines()

8. The readlines() method returns ____________

a) str b) a list of lines c) a list of single characters d) a list of integers

9. What is the use of seek() method in files?

a) sets the file’s current position at the offset b) sets the file’s previous position at the offset
c) sets the file’s current position within the file d) none of the mentioned

10. What will be the data type of s?

file=open (“para.txt”, “r”)
s=file.read()
file.close()
(a) string (b) list (c) tuple (d) sets

11. Write the file mode that will be used for opening the following files. Also, write the Python statements
to open the following files:
a text file “example.txt” in both read and write mode.
a binary file “bfile.dat” in write mode.
a text file “try.txt” in append and read mode.
a binary file “btry.dat” in read only mode.
12. What is the difference between the following set of statements (a) and (b):
(a)
P=open("practice.txt", "r")
P.read(10)
(b)
withopen("practice.txt", "r") as P:

1
 x =P.read()
13. Write a command(s) to write the following lines to the text file named hello.txt. Assume that the file is
opened in append mode.
“ Welcome my class”
“It is a fun place”
“You will learn and play”
14. Write a program to accept string/sentences from the user till the user enters “END” to. Save the data in
a text file and then display only those sentences which begin with an uppercase alphabet.
15. Write a program to enter the following records in a binary file :
Item No — integer
Item_Name — string
Qty — integer
Price — float
Number of records to be entered should be accepted from the user. Read the file to display the records in
the following format:
Item No :
Item Name :
Quantity :
Price per item :
Amount : ( to be calculated as Price * Qty)
16 .Write a python program to read last 2 lines of a text file.
17. Write a python program to count number of lines in a text file.
18. Write a python program to print from line 2 to line 5 (assuming the file has more than 5 lines) Q.4 Write
a python program to insert a new line at the beginning of the file
19. Write a python program to move the contents of a file to an list
20. Write a python program to check given IP address is present in a file.
21. What Will Be the Output of the Following Code Snippet?
fo = open("myfile.txt", "w+")
print ("File name is : ", fo.name)
seq="File handling is easy in python"
fo.writelines(seq) fo.seek(0,0)
for line in fo:
print (line)
fo.close()
22. What Will Be The Output Of The Following Code Snippet?
fo = open("a.txt", "w+")
print ("File name is : ", fo.name)
txt = "This is 1st line,"
fo.writelines( txt )
seq = " This is 2nd line, This is 3rd line"
fo.seek(0, 2)
fo.writelines(seq )
fo.seek(0,0)
line = fo.readlines()
print ("Read Line: %s" % (line))
fo.close()
23. The following sample file called studentmarks.txt contains one line for each student in an imaginary
class. The students name is the first thing on each line, followed by some exam scores.
The number of scores might be different for each student.
Mohak 10 15 20 30 40
Manish 23 16 19 22
Ria 8 22 17 14 32 17 24 21 2 9 11 17
Joy 12 28 21 45 26 10
Freya 14 32 25 16 89
Using the text file studentmarks.txt write a program that prints out the names of students that have more
than five quiz scores.
24. Given a myfile.txt file that has a list of a bunch of names, count how many of each name there are in
the file, and print out the results to the screen.

2
25. Write a Python Program that Reads a Text File and Counts the Number of Times a Certain Letter
Appears in the Text File.
26. Write a Python Program to Read a Text File and Print all the Numbers Present in the Text File.
27. Write a Python Program to Count the Number of Blank Spaces in a Text File.
28. Write a Python Program to Read a File and Capitalize the First Letter of Every Word in the File.
29. Write a Python Program to Read the Contents of a File in Reverse Order .
30. Which command is used to open a file “c:\temp.txt” in read-mode only?

FUNCTIONS
1. Which of the following is the use of function in python?
a) Functions are reusable pieces of programs.
b) Functions don’t provide better modularity for your application.
c) You can’t also create your own functions d) All of the mentioned
2. Which keyword is use for function?
a) Fun b) Define c) Def d) Function
3. What is the output of the below program?
def sayHello():
print('Hello World!')
sayHello()
sayHello()
a) Hello World! Hello World! b) ‘Hello World!’ ‘Hello World!’
c) Hello Hello d) None of the mentioned
4. What is the output of the below program ?
x = 50
def func(x):
print('x is', x)
x=2
print('Changed local x to', x)
func(x)
print('x is now', x)
a) x is now 50 b) x is now 2 c) x is now 100 d) None of the mentioned
5. What is the output of the below program?
x = 50
def func():
global x
print('x is', x)
x=2
print('Changed global x to', x)
func()
print('Value of x is', x)
a) x is 50 Changed global x to 2 Value of x is 50 b) x is 50 Changed global x to 2 Value of x is 2
c) x is 50 Changed global x to 50 Value of x is 50
6. What is the output of below program?
def say(message, times = 1):
print(message * times)
say('Hello')
say('World', 5)
a) Hello WorldWorldWorldWorldWorld b) Hello World 5
c) Hello World,World,World,World,World d) Hello HelloHelloHelloHelloHello

7. What is the output of the below program?

def printMax(a, b):
if a > b:
print(a, 'is maximum')
elif a == b:
print(a, 'is equal to', b)
else:
print(b, 'is maximum')
3
printMax(3, 4) )
a) 3 b) 4 c) 4 is maximum d) None of the mentioned

8. What is the output of the below program?

x = 50
def func():
global x
print('x is', x)
x=2
print('Changed global x to', x)
func()
print('Value of x is', x)
a) x is 50 Changed global x to 2 Value of x is 50
b) x is 50 Changed global x to 2 Value of x is 2
c) x is 50 Changed global x to 50 Value of x is 50 d) None of the mentioned

9. What is the output of the below program?

def power(x, y=2):
r=1
for i in range(y):
r=r*x
return r
print power(3)
print power(3, 3)

10. What is the output of the below program?

def sum(*args):
'''Function returns the sum of all values'''
r=0
for i in args:
r += i
return r
print sum(1, 2, 3)
print sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
a) 6 15 b) 6 100 c) 123 12345 d) None of the mentioned

11. Find and write the output of the following python code:
def Change(P ,Q=30):
P=P+Q
Q=P-Q
print( P,"#",Q)
return (P)
R=150
S=100
R=Change(R,S)
print(R,"#",S)
S=Change(S)

12. What possible outputs(s) are expected to be displayed on screen at the time of execution of the
program from the following code? Also specify the maximum values that can be assigned to each of the
variables FROM and TO.
import random
AR=[20,30,40,50,60,70]
FROM=random.randint(1,3)
TO=random.randint(2,4)
for K in range(FROM,TO+1):
print (AR*K+,end=” # “)
(i) 10#40#70# (ii) 30#40#50# (iii) 50#60#70# (iv) 40#50#70#
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13. Find and write the output of the following python code:
a=10
def call():
global a
a=15
b=20
print(a)
call()
14. Carefully observe the following Python code and answer the questionsthat follow:
global x
x=5
def fun2():
x=3
print(x)
x=x+1
print(x)
On execution, the above code produces the following output: 6 3 Explain the output with respect to the
scope of the variables

15. Write a function great_func() to find greater out of entered two numbers.
16. Write a program to show fabonacci series using recursion .
17. Write a program to find factorial of entered number using library function fact().
18. Write a function LShift(Arr,n) in Python, which accepts a list Arr of numbers and n is a numeric value by
which all elements of the list are shifted to left.
Sample Input Data of the list Arr= [ 10,20,30,40,12,11], n=2
Output Arr = [30,40,12,11,10,20]
19. Define a function which counts vowels and consonant in a word.
20. Write a menu-driven python program using different functions for the following menu:
1. Check no. is Palindrome or not
2. Check no. is Armstrong or not
3. Exit

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 Class XII – Applied Mathematics
Holiday Homework
Topics: Matrices & Determinants and Differentiation

Objective
To explore the applications of Matrices, Determinants, and Differentiation through research and hands-on
activities, and to understand their real-life relevance as per the CBSE Applied Mathematics curriculum.

Activity-Based Learning

Activity 1: Create Your Own Business Matrix

Objective: Model a real-life business scenario using matrices.

- Create a hypothetical business with 3 products and 3 markets.

- Construct a 3x3 matrix for production costs and a 3x3 matrix for revenue.
- Perform the matrix multiplication to find total revenue or profit per market.
- Show all calculations and interpret the results.

Deliverables: Matrix model with explanation (on A4 sheet)

Activity 2: Motion Analysis Using Differentiation

Objective: Apply differentiation to understand motion.

- Record a small physical activity (e.g., walking or cycling) and track distance over time.
- Plot the distance-time graph and differentiate it to find speed and acceleration.
- Use formulas for first and second derivatives.
- Present the graph, derivative calculations, and interpretations.

Deliverables: Distance-Time Graph + Derivative Calculations (on A4 sheet)

Submission Guidelines
- Submit all handwritten work or printouts in a folder.
- Ensure each page includes Name, Roll No., Class, and Section.
- Submission Deadline: [07/07/25]

Assessment Criteria
Criteria Marks
Research & Understanding 10
Creativity & Application 10
Mathematical Accuracy 10
Presentation & Neatness 10
Total 40