FG(10) – Unit 5: AMBITION​ ​ Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien (0903.141.

108)

1)​ ambition /æm’bɪʃn/: hoài bão [C] E.g. Meiji is one of the country’s largest dairy retailers.
E.g. Sandra never achieved her ambition of becoming a 5)​ architecture (n) /’ɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/: ngành kiến trúc
famous writer. E.g. My mother is a professor of architecture at the
→ ambition (n): tham vọng [U] University of Oregon.
→ architecture (n) = design (n): kiểu thiết kế
E.g. Mike was intelligent but suffered from a lack of
E.g. There are different styles of architecture in the town.
ambition.
→ architect (n) /’ɑːkɪtekt/
→ ambitious (adj) /æm’bɪʃəs/ E.g. Our house was designed by architect Louis Kahn.
E.g. My old boss is a fiercely ambitious young manager. → architectural (adj)
●​ lifelong ambition (n): hoài bão cả đời E.g. It is a temple of rare architectural beauty.
E.g. A trip to London is my lifelong ambition. 6)​ apply (v) /ə’plaɪ/ for a visa/passport/job
2)​ assist (v) /əˈsɪst/ ≈ help (v) E.g. I have decided to apply for this new job.
E.g. He assisted in the development of the strategy. E.g. Luke applied to a film school after graduation.
→ assistance (n) → application (n) [C]: đơn ứng tuyển
E.g. Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance. E.g. Last year, we have received applications from more
→ assistant (n) than 3,000 students.
E.g. Trang was working as a shop assistant at Harrods. E.g. They submitted an application to the council to build
●​ shop assistant (n) = sales clerk (n): người bán hàng two houses.
trong cửa hàng ●​ application letter (n): thư xin việc
E.g. The shop assistant there was rude and unhelpful. E.g. Please find attached my application letter for the
●​ assistant professor (n): (học hàm) phó giáo sư teaching assistant position.
3)​ sale (n) /seɪl/: the act of selling sth ●​ application form (n): mẫu đơn ứng tuyển
E.g. I haven't made a sale all week. E.g. You need to complete the online application form.
→ applicant (n): ứng viên
→ sales (n): doanh số
E.g. Successful applicants will receive notification within
E.g. They have to boost sales to make a profit. five working days.
●​ retail sales (n): doanh số bán lẻ 7)​ operate (v) /ˈ ɒpəreɪt/: vận hành
E.g. Retail sales fell in November by 10 per cent. E.g. What skills are needed to operate this machinery?
●​ record sales (n): doanh số kỷ lục → operation (n)
E.g. The company has seen record sales over the past E.g. The whole operation is performed in less than three
year. seconds.
●​ sales assistant (n): trợ lý bán hàng (cho công ty) → operational (adj): thuộc về vận hành, hoạt động
●​ annual sales (n): doanh số hàng năm E.g. The new system helps reduce operational cost and
E.g. Schmitt has annual sales exceeding $ 175 million. time to access data.
4)​ retail (v) /ˈriːteɪl/: bán lẻ ≠ wholesale → operator (n): người vận hành thiết bị, máy móc
E.g. We produces and retails a wide range of sportswear. E.g. My father used to work as an assembly line operator.
→ retail (v): be sold at a particular price. ●​ co-operate / cooperate (v) /kəʊˈ ɒpəreɪt/: cộng tác
E.g. The book retails at £14.95.
E.g. The two groups agreed to co-operate with each
→ retail (n): việc bán lẻ other.
E.g. The recommended retail price is £9.99. → co-operation (n)
●​ retail price (n): giá bán lẻ E.g. This is a report produced by the government in
E.g. The new Apple Watch have a suggested retail price of cooperation with the chemical industry.
￥82,000. → co-operative (adj): mang tính hợp tác
●​ retail outlet (n): cửa hàng bán lẻ E.g. The documentary was a co-operative effort by
E.g. Oura’s albums are available only online, not at any film-makers from five countries.
retail outlets. 8)​ grocer (n) /ˈ ɡrəʊsə(r)/: người bán tạp hóa
→ retail (adv): (bán) lẻ/thông qua cửa tiệm ≠ wholesale E.g. The grocer accused her of shoplifting and demanded
(adv) to look in her bag.
E.g. Shopkeepers buy wholesale and sell retail. → grocer’s (n): tiệm tạp hóa = grocery (n) [UK]
→ retailer (n): nhà bán lẻ = grocery store (n) [US]
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 FG(10) – Unit 5: AMBITION​ ​ Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien (0903.141.108)

E.g. Go down to the grocer's and get some sugar. → receptionist (n): nhân viên lễ tân
E.g. Aslam left school at the age of 13 to work in his E.g. Ask the receptionist to put your call through to my
family’s grocery business. room.
●​ greengrocer (n): người bán rau củ 11)​ smith (n): sb who makes/repairs things made of iron
E.g. The greengrocer unloaded the potatoes from the van. ●​ locksmith (n): thợ sửa khóa
●​ greengrocer’s (n): tiệm bán rau củ E.g. We had the locksmith fix our safe since I forgot the
9)​ job (n) /dʒɒb/ [C] password.
●​ give up a job (v) = leave a job ●​ silversmith (n): thợ bạc
E.g. My sister decided to give up her job to travel around 12)​ degree (n) /dɪˈ ɡriː/: học vị, bằng cấp
the world. E.g. I am pursuing a degree in biochemistry.
●​ lay off = cut jobs (v) ●​ first degree (n): bằng cử nhân
E.g. 200 workers at the factory have been laid off. E.g. Candidates must have a first degree at a minimum.
●​ job offer (n): thư mời nhận việc ●​ higher degree (n): bằng cao học
→ turn down a job offer (v): từ chối lời mời nhận việc E.g. Some go on to study for a higher degree, and others
return to their home country.
E.g. I had to turn down a job offer from a theatre because ●​ joint degree (n): bằng đại học song ngành
the pay was too low. E.g. The joint degree in linguistics and psychology is
●​ job description (n) (JD): bản mô tả công việc unique in Britain.
E.g. Read the job description carefully before writing the 13)​work (n) /wɜːk/
application letter. ●​ work ethic (n): đạo đức nghề nghiệp
●​ job security (n): sự bảo đảm công ăn việc làm E.g. The work ethic was never very strong in Kim.
→ have job security (v) ●​ workforce (n): lực lượng lao động
E.g. Youngsters nowadays prefer job challenge to job E.g. The workforce is small but highly dedicated.
security. ●​ workplace (n): nơi làm việc
→ jobless (adj) = out of job (adj) E.g. Their houses were workplaces as well as dwellings.
E.g. The company has plans to make more people jobless. ●​ work permit (n): giấy phép lao động
→ the jobless (n) = the unemployed = the unwaged (n) E.g. Getting a work permit in the UK is not always simple.
E.g. After the Covid-19, a lot of factory workers joined the ●​ work-life balance (n): sự cân bằng giữa cuộc sống và
ranks of the jobless. công việc
*Fill in the blanks with the correct word. E.g. An unhealthy work-life balance affects the employees'
WORK | a JOB | OCCUPATION | CAREER | POST | physical and mental health.
POSITION | VACANCY | PROFESSION
→ work (v) /wɜːk/
a)​ My last …………………… was with a computer firm.
●​ work full-time / part-time / flexitime (v): làm việc
b)​ His …………...… is more important to him than his family.
toàn thời gian / bán thời gian / thời gian linh hoạt
c)​ State your name, age, and …………..…… in the box below.
E.g. Yuri wants to work part-time after she's had the baby.
d)​ Will you go back to …………… when you’ve had the baby?
●​ work overtime (v): làm thêm giờ (tăng ca)
e)​ We have no …………… for photographers at the moment. E.g. I wasn't able to work overtime yesterday.
f)​ This is the pet shop where we had a part-time ……………. ●​ work around the clock (v): làm việc miệt mài
g)​ He’s well qualified but has no relevant ……………………… E.g. Doctors and nurses work around the clock to help
experience. those injured in the train crash.
h)​ I left last summer for teaching …………..……… in Japan.
→ workaholic (adj): tham công tiếc việc
i)​ Anne followed her father into the legal ……………..……….
j)​ I always hate mowing the lawn – it’s hard ………….………. E.g. Being so workaholic, Tony can't remember when he
last had a holiday.
k)​ I'm sorry, the ……………………… has already been filled.
→ workable (adj) = practical (adj)
l)​ Jacob started his ……….……… as a humble peanut farmer.
E.g. I’m sure we can come to some workable
arrangement.
10)​ receive (v) /rɪˈ
siːv/
14)​ involve (v) /ɪnˈvɒlv/
→ receiver (n): hệ thống tiếp nhận
E.g. Do you want a job that involves travelling a lot?
E.g. The television receiver is an electronic device.
→ involved (adj): being part of sth ≠ uninvolved (adj)
→ recipient (n): người nhận
E.g. Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn't want to
E.g. She was not the intended recipient of the reward. get involved.
→ reception (n): quầy lễ tân
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 FG(10) – Unit 5: AMBITION​ ​ Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien (0903.141.108)

E.g. He became actively involved in politics. → rewarding (adj): đáng làm

→ involvement (n) ≈ participation E.g. Teaching is a rewarding job.
E.g. His new book examines the United States’ involvement 21)​ steward /ˈ stjuːəd/ (n): nhân viên hỗ trợ sự kiện, tiếp
in World War II. viên
15)​ agent (n) /ˈeɪdʒənt/: người đại diện, nhân viên E.g. The race stewards will investigate the incident.
E.g. Our agent in New York deals with all US sales. → stewardship (n): vai trò hỗ trợ, coi sóc
→ newsagent (n): người bán báo 22)​ solicit (v) /səˈlɪsɪt/: xin tài trợ, hỗ trợ
E.g. They were planning to solicit funds from a number of
E.g. If newspaper disappears entirely, we won’t need organizations.
newsagents. → solicitation (n)
→ newsagent’s (n) = paper shop (n): sạp báo
→ solicitor (n) /səˈ lɪsɪtə(r)/: luật sư tranh tụng
E.g. My father used to go to the newsagent's on his way E.g. Her first step was to contact a solicitor for advice.
home every day.
23)​rom-com /’rɒmkɒm/ (romantic comedy): phim hài
→ agency (n): công ty đại diện, môi giới
kịch lãng mạn
E.g. Thu managed to find a job through an agency.
24)​estimate (v) /ˈ estɪmeɪt/ + the cost/value/number of
●​travel agent (n): nhân viên công ty du lịch sth
E.g. We had the travel agent book our vacation cruise. E.g. The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.
●​estate agent /ɪ’steɪt eɪdʒənt/ (n): nhân viên bất động sản
(= real estate agent) → estimate sth at sth (v)
E.g. Call an estate agent in a town and tell them where E.g. Police estimate the crowd at 30,000.
you would like to live.
→ It is estimated (that) + S-V
16)​ dentist (n) /’dentɪst/: nha sĩ
→ dentistry (n): nha khoa E.g. It is estimated that the project will last four years.
E.g. He has practised dentistry for a year. → overestimate (v) /ˌ
əʊvərˈ
estɪmeɪt/: đánh giá quá cao
→ dental (adj)
E.g. He tends to overestimate his own abilities.
E.g. You have a dental appointment Thursday afternoon.
●​ dental floss (n): chỉ nha khoa → underestimate (v) /ˌ
ʌndərˈ
estɪmeɪt/: đánh giá thấp
17)​ flexible (adj) /’fleksəbl/ ≠ inflexible (adj) E.g. We have underestimated the time it takes to get
E.g. As a journalist, he has a flexible working schedule. there.
E.g. Can you be flexible about when you take your leave? → estimation (n): sự đánh giá
→ flexibly (adv) ≠ inflexibly (adv) E.g. Who is the best candidate in your estimation?
E.g. Managers must respond flexibly to new 25)​ stunt (n): /stʌnt/: hành động mạo hiểm
developments. E.g. He did all his own stunts.
→ flexibility (n): sự linh hoạt → stunt performer (n) = stuntman (n) = stuntwoman (n):
E.g. The new system offers great flexibility in the way diễn viên đóng thế
work is organised. E.g. A low-class stunt performer was paid about £5 a day.
18)​ paramedic (adj): /ˌ pærəˈ medɪk/: nhân viên y tế điều 26)​ groundskeeper (n) /ˈ ɡraʊndzkiːpə(r)/ = groundsman
trị tại chỗ (n): người coi sân bãi
E.g. Paramedics treated the injured at the roadside. E.g. Just before the start of play today, the groundskeeper
→ paramedical (adj) left his position.
19)​ challenge (n) /ˈ tʃælɪndʒ/: thử thách 27)​ repeat (v) /rɪˈpiːt/
E.g. This role will be the biggest challenge of my career. E.g. She kept repeating the same mistake over and over
again.
→ challenge sb (v): thách đấu
●​ History repeats itself: Lịch sử lặp lại
E.g. Mike challenged me to a game of chess. E.g. If history repeats itself, Taylor could be up for her
→ challenging (adj): đầy thử thách second Grammy award.
→ repetition (n): sự lặp lại
E.g. I have had a challenging and rewarding career as a
E.g. In her work we find the constant repetition of the
doctor.
same themes.
20)​ reward (n) /rɪ’wɔːd/: phần thưởng
→ repetitive (adj) /rɪˈ petətɪv/: lặp đi lặp lại
E.g. You deserve a reward for being so helpful.
E.g. Travel sickness is caused by the effect of repetitive
→ reward (v) movements.
E.g. She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus. → repetitiveness (n): tình trạng lặp đi lặp lại
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 FG(10) – Unit 5: AMBITION​ ​ Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien (0903.141.108)

E.g. The repetitiveness of the work really got me down E.g. The investigator questioned him and took his
after a while. fingerprints.
28)​enthuse (v) /ɪnˈ θjuːz/: talk in an excited way about 33)​fast-track (v): /ˈfɑːst træk/ giúp thành công nhanh
sth: nói say sưa về điều gì hơn bình thường.
E.g. The article enthused about the benefits that the new E.g. The Board voted to fast-track the stadium plan.
system would bring. → fast-track (n)
→ enthusiast (n) /ɪnˈ θjuːziæst/ E.g. Independence was believed to be the fast-track to
E.g. Dennis was an enthusiast for financial matters. democracy.
→ enthusiastic (adj) → fast-track (adj) + N
E.g. We were still really enthusiastic about going to Spain. E.g. They've introduced a fast-track system for brighter
→ enthusiastically (adv) /ɪnˌ θjuːziˈ
æstɪkli/ pupils.
E.g. The audience clapped enthusiastically and called for 34)​entire (adj) /ɪnˈ
taɪə(r)/ = whole (adj)
more.
E.g. The film is perfect for the entire family.
→ enthusiasm (n) /ɪnˈ θjuːziæzəm/: sự nhiệt tình
→ entirely (adv)
E.g. He has shown little or no enthusiasm for regulating
E.g. The audience consisted almost entirely of children.
financial markets before now.
→ entirety (n)
29)​reliable (adj) /rɪˈ laɪəbl/ = dependable (adj)
E.g. We stay in the hotel throughout the entirety of the
E.g. He was a very reliable and honest man who would
weekend.
never betray anyone.
35)​toll (n) /təʊl/: lệ phí cầu đường
E.g. Our information comes from a reliable source.
E.g. There are more toll booths on the motorways.
≠ unreliable (adj)
36)​thorough (adj) /ˈ θʌrə/: rất nhiều, hoàn toàn
→ reliably (adv)
E.g. The police carried out a thorough investigation.
E.g. I am reliably informed that the company is being
→ thoroughly (adv)
sold.
E.g. Please wash the fruit thoroughly before use.
→ reliability (n): sự đáng tin cậy
→ thoroughness (n)
E.g. The reliability of these results has been questioned.
E.g. The leader was impressed by the thoroughness of the
≠ unreliability (n)
report.
30)​vary (v) /’veəri/: to be different
37)​qualify (v) /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/: có đủ khả năng, tư cách
E.g. The students' work varies considerably in quality.
E.g. He qualified as a doctor last year.
→ variation (n): sự thay đổi
●​ qualify sb for sth: cho ai đó đủ tư cách làm điều gì
E.g. Our meal prices are subject to variation.
E.g. This training course will qualify you for a better job.
→ varied (adj) = diversified
E.g. The hotel has a varied programme of nightly → qualified (adj)
entertainment. E.g. She's extremely well qualified for the job.
→ variant (n): biến thể → qualification (n) [C]
E.g. Aikido is said to be a variant of judo. E.g. Previous teaching experience is a necessary
31)​ lift (n) /lɪft/ [UK] = elevator (n) [US]: thang máy qualification for this job.
32)​ investigate (v) /ɪn’vestɪɡeɪt/: điều tra 38)​ entrepreneur (n) /ˌ ɒntrəprəˈ
nɜː(r)/: người khởi nghiệp,
E.g. The detectives are investigating possible links người kinh doanh
between the murders. E.g. A creative entrepreneur, Steve was continually
●​ investigate a crime/a complaint/an incident dreaming up new projects.
→ investigation (n) [C] → entrepreneurial (adj) /ˌ ɒntrəprəˈnɜːriəl/
E.g. Many business schools say that they can effectively
E.g. The authorities have launched an investigation to
teach entrepreneurial skills.
determine why the ferry sank.
entrepreneurship (n) /ˌ ɒntrəprəˈnɜːʃɪp/: việc kinh doanh, khả
E.g. The police are conducting ongoing investigations into
năng làm kinh doanh
the man's death.
E.g. The reforms are designed to encourage
●​ (be) under investigation (adj): đang bị điều tra
entrepreneurship and promote business and investment.
E.g. She remains under investigation for fraud.
39)​manufacture (v) /ˌ mænjuˈ fæktʃə(r)/ = produce (v)
→ investigative (adj)
E.g. This company manufactures the equipment used to
E.g. Goro is nationally known for his investigative work.
make contact lenses.
→ investigator (n): điều tra viên
→ manufacture (n) = mass production (n): sự sản xuất
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FG(10) – Unit 5: AMBITION​ ​ Teacher-in-charge: Nguyen Thuy Lien (0903.141.108)

E.g. What is the date of manufacture? ●​ semi-conductor (n): vật liệu bán dẫn
→ manufacturer (n) = producer (n) 41)​ possess (v) /pə’zes/: sở hữu
E.g. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions. E.g. Different workers possess different skills.
40)​semi- (prefix). một nửa → possession (n): sự sở hữu [U]
●​ semicircle (n): hình bán nguyệt E.g. The possession of a passport is essential for foreign
●​ semi-professional (adj): bán chuyên nghiệp travel.
●​ semi-automatic (adj): bán tự động