DISTILLATION
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ScribdTranslationsDISTILLATION
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ScribdTranslationsDISTILLATION
Distillation is a separation technique based on different boiling points.
boiling of the components of a homogeneous mixture.
It consists of boiling the solution and condensing the produced vapors.
The first part of the assembly is the same as the one you used for the boiling of the
water. You only need to add the coolant and a container to collect it
filtration.
The refrigerant is, essentially, a tube surrounded by a jacket through which it will go
circulate the water. The water circulates with the aim of cooling the gas that is released
through the side tubing of the distillation flask; the gas, upon cooling, condenses,
switching to a liquid state.
The inner tube can have various shapes: smooth(Liebig Soft Drink)in
spiral (Coil), with throttling (Ball Cooler).
In this practice, we will distill red wine.
Make the following assembly and check that all the joints fit well:
and put about 200 cm3of wine in the flask, along with a couple of pieces of plate
porous, which will serve to regulate the boiling. The water inlet hose will go
connected to the faucet; the outlet to the drain(why)?Because this way, the vapors
those that are colder will come into contact with the colder walls and
they will condense better.) Open the tap slowly, so that the water circulates without it
the tires burst due to pressure.
Once the teacher reviews the setup, put it on to heat; pay attention to the
temperature that the thermometer shows when liquid starts to come out of the
soda and regulate the flame of the lighter so that the process continues, but
do not go too fast. Stop the distillation when the temperature rises to
about 80ºC.
(The flask can be partially covered to avoid the smell of alcohol).
Observe the appearance of the liquid that will fall into the flask.What is. The
the fundamental components of wines are ethyl alcohol and water. When
if a wine is distilled, its distillate will be a mixture of both, further enriched in
alcohol that the wine from which it comes and free of the non-volatile solutes that the wine
have.Take a drop and put it on the inside of the lip. Take 2 or 3 cm.3,
Put them in a porcelain capsule and bring a match closer to it.
Simple distillation:
To distill, a device called is usedstill. That still is
formed by a container in which the mixture will be placed to which it will be applied
a heat source. Next, we will find a condenser, where it
will cool the vapors that have been generated, making them
return to a liquid state to be collected again in another container,
where the liquid will be concentrated.
Distillation is used in the chemical industry to separate mixtures.
whether they are simple or complex. The different simple distillations can be
divide into continuous and discontinuous.
A basic simple distillation apparatus consists of the following parts:
Lighter, which will provide heat to the mixture that we need to distill.
Round flask, which is used to contain the mixture, as well as porcelain
porous, to avoid overheating, and to heat up in a way
homogeneous.
Distillation head.
Cooling tube, what is a glass tube filled with refrigerant liquid, which comes
used to condense the released vapors.
An inlet for water, at the bottom of the cooling tube, which always
it must remain full of water.
Water outlet, which is usually connected at the bottom of the tube.
Vacuum pump, although it is not usually necessary if we carry out the distillation at
atmospheric pressure.
Fractional distillation:
It is a variant of simple distillation generally used to carry out the
separation of liquids that have boiling points with close values.
It differs from simple distillation mainly in that this type uses a
fractionation column, which allows the vapors to have more contact
among them, rising alongside the condensed liquid. This process makes it easier the
task of exchanging heat between vapors, as well as liquids. Said
exchange also causes a mass exchange, from where the liquids, which
have a lower boiling point, vaporizing, and the vapors, with a point
at higher boiling points, they change to liquid state.
Vacuum distillation:
This type of distillation is an operation that complements the distillation of
crude that is distilled at atmospheric pressure, and that is not vaporized, coming out through the
lower part of the distillation column.
In vacuum distillation, three different products are obtained:
Light Gas Oil (LGO)
Heavy Gas Oil (GOP)
Vacuum residue
Azeotropic distillation:
This type of distillation is a technique used to break an azeotrope.
Distillations. An azeotrope is a liquid mixture of several
components that have a constant boiling point, and in this way,
when the mixture changes to a gaseous state (vapor), its components form
as if they were the same.
Steam distillation:
It is a distillation performed by steam distillation, based on the
vaporization of the component of the mixture, whether they are or not,volatile. The process is
It is done by injecting water (steam) into the mixture, becoming called "
"drag vapor", although the name is not entirely accurate, as its function is not
to drag, but to condense, managing to form another phase.
Improved distillation:
When a mixture is made up of several compounds with boiling points
similar ones, other less economical forms than the
normal distillation.