Available Asset
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsAvailable Asset
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsHISTORY OF ACCOUNTING
Since the first civilizations had the need to transmit information
economics for later times, up to today when there are schools
specialized institutions that teach this science, it was determined that there were 4 stages
marked in the history of accounting such as:
The Ancient Age; where man, thanks to his ingenuity, provided in the beginning
primitive registration methods; such as the clay tablet. Since then
the evolution of the accounting system has not stopped developing.
The Middle Ages; the 'solidus', a gold coin that is accepted as consolidated.
main means of international transactions, allowing through this
homogeneous measure the accounting registration.
Modern Age; The greatest author of his time, Brother Luca Pacioli, is born.
Author of the work "Tractus XI", where it not only refers to the system of
double-entry registration based on the axiom: "There is no debtor without
creditor, but also to the commercial practices concerning corporations,
sales interests, promissory notes, etc. With great detail, delve into the aspect
accountant explaining the inventory, as a list of assets and liabilities prepared
by the owner of the company before it starts operating.
Contemporary Age; gives rise to the creation of Schools such as:
personalist, of value, the abstract, the legal and the positivist aimed at
solve problems related to prices and the unit of value measurement,
appearing concepts related to depreciations, amortizations, reserves,
funds, etc.
AVAILABLE ASSET
The available assets are those that are expected to be used.
sold or consumed within a year.
It is consideredavailable assetall representative values in money
(currency represented in banknotes and coins), and other securities
represented in customer checks, debit card vouchers and
credit that one has both in theGeneral boxlike inNational banksin
current accountsRemittances in transit, Savings accountsy
theSpecial fundsfor multiple purposes, however, it should not be
to be unaware that the titles are also equivalent values to cash
short-term and high-yielding assets that are easily convertible to cash.
In the accountGeneral boxit is not customary to keep other constitutive values
of money such as gold bars, precious stones, foreign coins
weak, because their control represents a lot of administrative effort and
another part if the foreign currency is not strong there is a risk of
devaluation.
The management of available resources should focus on control ofCashand values
equivalents to cash, due to the characteristics of their nature and the
ease of committing fraud, due to the trust placed on
those responsible for treasury management and the easy withdrawal due to lack of
billing, managers' vouchers (disorders in cash). The culture of respect
the cash must be derived from the owners and directors to the
person responsible for receiving and consigning it, any suspicious handling
from the executives provides sufficient elements of disorder that can be
taken advantage of by employees and strangers.
The good management of liquidity (sufficient working capital to cover
obligations) facilitates the development of the social purpose and prevents the loss of
image before suppliers and financial institutions and even with them
employees. This requires the company to plan its activities so that
predict the minimum cash requirements needed in form
reasonable to comply with all operational obligations that are
propose to achieve.
Bank accounts:
They are aimed at capturing and representing the situation and the alterations of
value generated in savings checking accounts, that is, in the accounts of
immediate availability, held in banks and other credit institutions.
These accounts appear in the assets of the balance sheet and usually have a debit balance or 0, although
sometimes they may have a credit balance. They are main accounts due to their importance and
integral accounts, whose operation is administrative. The main peculiarity
what bank accounts present is that they generate interest, however it is common
that banks settle the interests on a quarterly or biannual basis, without
embargo this does not imply that the company has to register the interests that have been
accrued, even if its collection is not carried out at a later time.
Cash accounts: special reference to foreign currency accounts.
The cash account is the one that represents the liquid assets in the cash.
company, that is, the money on hand, as well as the alterations that occur in
relationship with the same over the period. Therefore, through it, the
executive function of the collection and payment of the economic unit.
The cash account can be divided according to different criteria:
Consider different cash accounts for the various branches of the company.
Distinguish between income and expenses, that is, receipts and payments.
Distinguish between national currency box and foreign currency box.
Petty Cash:
A healthy measure of internal control consists of making all payments through
checks and never with the cash available in the register. However, they occur in
every company has a series of repetitive expenditures and each one being of such a small amount
it would make it impractical, and in some cases almost impossible, to pay them by check.
We are referring to disbursements by concept, for example, for the purchase of
newspapers, coffee, taxis, occasional purchases of very low cost, etc.
FOREIGN CURRENCY BOX
The foreign currency cash account is a divisional account of the cash account and collects
therefore the company's liquid assets in foreign currency and can
to function both administratively and speculatively. This account presents a
special issue derived from the fluctuations that occur in the rates of
change, which will bring about a series of advantages and disadvantages for the company
DEMANDABLE ASSET:
Classify the values that will be turned into money in the short term and credits that will not.
they directly generate returns, but they entered the business or established themselves in
virtue of commercial operations.
These can include: documents receivable, accounts receivable,
clients, personal accounts, clients with sales in short-term installments, remittances in
camino, intereses devengados no cobrados, exhibiciones decretadas, Acciones, bonos.
REALIZABLE ASSET:
Components of current assets realizable in this concept are considered.
a short term.
FIXED ASSET
In general terms, the fixed asset is any asset that is not intended to be
marketed, but to be used, to be exploited by the company.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS:
Intangibles are defined as the set of immaterial goods, represented in
rights, privileges or competitive advantages that are valuable because they contribute to
an increase in income or profits through employment in the economic entity;
these rights are bought or developed in the normal course of business.
DEFERRED CHARGE:
Deferred charges are disbursements or payments made for services already received,
that will benefit the company during several economic periods or throughout the entire
company life