OPEN UNIVERSITY FOR ADULTS

UAPA

BASIC CYCLE DEPARTMENT

BASIC MATHEMATICS

MATERIAL FOR THE FINAL PROJECT OF BASIC MATHEMATICS

TOPIC I. ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS AND THEIR GENERALITIES

I. Key concepts, answer:

Algebraic expression:
Set of numbers and symbols linked together by the signs of the
operations of algebra and that contains no more functions than those
that can be calculated with the operations of algebra (addition,
multiplication and its inverses.
Similar Terms:
They are those terms that have the same variables and these have the
same exponents, regardless of what their coefficient is.
Classification of algebraic expressions:
They are combinations of letters and numbers that we can find in
any type of operation, it is to be assumed that there exists
a pre-established classification of algebraic expressions. This
ordering is defined based on certain classification criteria
What do we need to know to solve the expression exercises?
algebraic equations correctly.
Numerical value of an algebraic expression:
It is the number obtained by replacing the letters of the expression with
determined numbers and perform the corresponding operations that are
they indicate in such expression
Polynomial
Algebraic expression that constitutes the ordered sum or difference of a
finite number of terms or monomials.
Construction of algebraic expressions.

What is the structure of a term?

It is usually defined as the set of important elements of
a body, a building or something else. It is often related to the armor
that serves as support for that particular body, building, among others
others. The term comes from the Latin structūra.

Square of a binomial
It is an algebraic sum that adds to itself, that is to say, if we have
the binomial a + b, the square of that binomial is (a + b) (a + b) and it
express as (a + b)2.
 Cube of a binomial
The cube of the sum of two quantities ((a + b) 3) is equal to the cube of the
first (a3) plus the triple product of the square of the first by the
second (3a2b) plus the triple product of the first by the square of the
second (3ab2) plus the cube of the second (b3).
Exponentiation.
It is amathematical operationbetween two terms referred to:
base exponents. It is writtennand it is usually read as
"elevated to" or also "elevated to the." There are some numbers
specials like the 2, which is readsquaredor the 3, what to him
correspondto the power of three. Note that in the case of exponentiation the
the base and the exponent can belong to different sets, in
aringtotally general the base will be an element of the ring
but the exponent will be anatural numberthat doesn't have to
belong to the ring. In abodythe exponent can be
oneinteger.
Settlement
It is theoperationwhich consists of searching
anumberwhatmultipliedby itself a number of times,
result another determined number.
Factor into two factors.
It is to break down a number into smaller factors of
so that when I multiply them I get the number.
Linear equation
It is an equation that has one or more variables raised to the
first power, solving them means finding the value of the
variables that satisfy the equality.
Quadratic Equation.

It is the continuation of the study of thelinear equationwith aunknown

previously addressed. Find the solution of an equation
quadratic is more difficult to address and new methods are needed, thus,
as the prior knowledge of elementary algebra, especially of
algebraic expressions.

II. Complete each blank space with the correct answer:

1. How many terms does a binomial have? 2 terms

2. How many terms does a monomial have? It only has 1 term.

3. Result of reducing the like terms–m2n + 6m2n = 5m2

4. Arrange 7x in ascending order.4+ 4x - 7 + 5x2-x3-7 + 4X + 5X2-X3 +

7X4

5 - 3x in descending order2+ 7x = 5 - 7X + 3X2

6. Find the numerical value of -11x3-2x2-7x + x4, for x=1/3

-239/81

7. Calculate the numerical value of the polynomial P(x) = 5x3-x + 7x32+8x-2

For x=-3 -356

III. Eliminate the grouping symbols and combine like terms

in the expression:

2a

2b

2a

-2b

2b

3x + y

5m - 5n

IV. Express the following phrases in algebraic language:

a) Half of a number. x/2

b) Add 5 units to double a number. 2x + 5

 c) The sum of a number and double the same. h

X + 2x b

d) The area of a triangle with base b and height h.

(bxh)/2

e) The subtraction of an even number and its next.

2-3

The sum of two consecutive numbers is 21.

10+11

g) Two consecutive even numbers sum to 10.

4+6

The product of three consecutive numbers is 120.

120

The product of two consecutive even numbers is 48.

6*8

j) A pair of pants and a shirt cost a total of 12000 PTA.

The shirt costs 6000 PTA less than the pants.

The shirt costs 3,000 PTA and the pants cost 9,000 PTA
This gives a final total of 12,000 PTA. 9,000 - 3,000 equals 6,000 PTA.

k) When increasing the side of a square by 2 cm, its area increases

in 24 cm2. Original side L=5, area A=25

(L+2)2= 72= 49

49-25 = 24

l) The difference between the squares of a number and the number

before this is 21.

10 and 11

10*10 = 100
 11*11 = 121

m) The sum of two numbers is 22 and their difference is 8.

13 cm

15 and 7

The cube root of one fourth of m

The square root of double a quantity.

18 because:
18 el doble= 36, raíz cuadrada= 6

V. Calculate the numerical value of the algebraic expressions

following, considering:

Expression Replace: a= 2; b =5; c=–3; d=–1; f = 0 Result

algebraic

5a2 2BC 3d 5(2)26 53

5 x 4 + 30 + 3

20 + 30 + 3

4 ab–3 bc–15d
4(2)(5)–3(5)(-3)–15(-1) 100

40 + 45 + 15

6a3f 6(2)3(0)
0

2a2 b3 c3 d 5

2(2)233215 -89

(2)3–125 + 27 +1

8 - 125 + 27 + 1
 3(a b) 2(c d)
3(2–5 ) + 2 ( -3–( -1) )

3 (-3) + 2(-3 + 1)

-9 + 2 * ( -2) -13

-9 - 4

c b a
  0 -1
3 5 2
-1/1 + 1–1/1

(b c) 2
(5 + (-3))2

4
(5–3)2

VI. Calculate the numerical value of the following expressions

algebraic when x =3:

2 3x
a) 2x + 1 b)(2x)2-1 c)(2x + 3)2 d)2 (3x)2 e)
6 x
x 2
f)
3·(x 3)

A) 2(-3) + 1 = -5

-62-1= 17

C) (2(-3) + 3)2= 9

D) 2 (3(-3))2= 162

E) 2 + 3(-3) = 2–9 = 7

6 - (-3) 6 + 3 9

F) -3 - 2 = -5 = 5
3 . (-3–3) -18 18

VII. Calculate the numerical value of the following expressions

algebraic for the values of the indicated letters:

a)23x, para x = 4

b)a + b23ab, for a = -2 and b = -3

c)n + (n + 1)3-3n + 2, for n = 3

x ay
d) + 3x2- 1, for x = 0, y = 2 and a = -1
2

e)x2+ 2xy + y2, for x = 5, y = -2

f) x 2  y 2for x = 4, y = 3

g) x 2 + y 2, for x = 4, y = 3

23(4) = 92
b) 2 + (-3)2 - 3(-2)(-3) = -2 + 9 - 11 = -11
c) 3 + (3 + 1)3 - 3(3) + 2 = 3 + 64 - 9 + 2 = 60
d) 0 + (-1)(2) + 3(0)2 -1 = -2 –1 = -1-1 = -2
2 2
(5)² + 2(5)(-2) + (-2)² = 25 + (-20) + 4 = 9
f)√42+32= √16+9 = √25 = 5
g)√42+ √32= 4+3 = 7

TOPIC II. OPERATIONS WITH ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS.

VIII. CARRY OUT THE FOLLOWING OPERATIONS WITH EXPRESSIONS

ALGEBRIC

1. Perform the following operations with like terms.

a) 7a - 8b + 5c - 7a + 5a - 6b - 8a + 12b = -3a - 2b + 5c
 b) 35x + 26y - 40x - 25y + 16x - 12y = 11x - 13y

c) 24a - 16b + 3c - 8b + 7a + 5c + 23b + 14a - 7c - 16a - 2c = 29a

d) 3m - 7n + 5m - 7n + 5n + 3n - 8p - 5n + 8p = 8m - 11n

4p - 7q + 5p - 12p - 11q + 8p - 11q + 12r + p + 5r = 6p - 29q + 17r

f) 2a2+ 3b25a2- 12 b27a2+ 6b28a2- 5 b2-18a2-8b2

g) 7a - 1.8b + 5c - 7.2a + 5a - 6.1b - 8a + 12b = -3.2a + 4.1b + 5c

h) 28a + 5.2b - 7.1a + 6.4b + 9a - 4.3b + 7b - 3a = 26.9a + 14.3b

2 1 2
i) 3m - n + 5m - 7n + 5n + 3n - p - 5n + 8p = 8m - 39/10n + 38/5p
5 2 5

2. Carry out the following additions and subtractions:

a) (2a 3b 5ab) (5a 4b 2ab) (7a b ab)

b) (x3 5x 2 3) (2x 2 3x 7) (8x 2)
c) (2x2y 3xy2 5xy) (6xy 2x 2y 3xy2)  (5xy2 3xy 4x 2y)

(2ab - 5a + 3b) - (-2a - 5b + 3ab) - (b - a + ab)

e) (8x2-2x + 1 - (3x)2+ 5x - 8) =
f) (2x3-3x2+ 5x–1)–(x2+ 1–3x) =
g) (7x4-5x5+ 4x2-7) + (x3–3x 2-5 + x - (-3x)4+ 5 - 8x + 2x3)

-2b - 2ab
b) X3 – 7X2 – 11X + 8
c) 5xy2+ 3xy
-2ab - 2a + 7b
e) 3x + 9
f) 6x - 2
g) 23x - 17
 3. Carry out the following multiplications:

a) (5x 2)·(x3 4x 2 2x

b) (2a 3b 5)·(6a 4b

c) (2 x 2 4x 3)·(4x2 3x 6)

d) (5x 3y z)·(2x 4y 9z)

a) 5x4–22x3 + 18x2–9x + 2

b) 12a2-10ab + 34a - 12b214b + 10

-8x4-10x3+ 36x2+ 15x–18

10x2+ 14xy - 43xz - 12y2+ 31yz–9z2

4. Perform the following monomial divisions (indicating if in

in some cases the result is not a monomial:

10x3y 4z 3a5 b 2 12 times4 a 5 b 15 times4y 6 a 3

a) b) c) d)
2xyz 2a4 b 4xa 2 b 3 3x2y 4

5x4y5z2 b) 3a7b3 c) 3a7b4x5 5a3x6y10

2

5. Carry out the following divisions of polynomial by monomial:

5x 2y 4 10x5y 6 25x3y
a)
5xy

XY3-2X2Y5 + 5X2

12a5 b 2 10a4 b 3 8a6 b 7 6a2 b 5

b)
2a2 b 2

6a7b4-5a6b5+ 4a8b9-3a4b7

6. Perform the following polynomial divisions.

a) (2x2-6x + 3 over (x - 2)
b) (7x3-5x2+3x-2) over (x2-2x-1)
c) (4x2-x + 5 between (x + 4)
d) (x3-2x2(x-3) over (x)2-3x-2
e) (2x4-3x2+5x+2) between (x2+x-3)
f) (3x4+2x3-x2+5) between(x2-x+2

-2x + 3
X–2
-14x-2
-1

c) 7x + 5

X+4

-3

-x–2

e) 7x + 2

3x - 3

f) 16x + 5
X+2

THEME III. POWER AND ROOT OF EXPRESSIONS

ALGEBRAIC.

i) Circle the letter of the answer that completes

correctly each operation:

1)k 3 k 
4 2
C) = K11

A)k9
B) k 10
C)k 11
D)k 14
E) k24

The quotient between p2xy p3-x is equivalent to:

A)p x1
B)p nx
C)x px
D)xp1
E)p 3x3

0
7
  1 x2  1
3)3x 2 E) = 2–X2
8

A) x2
B) 2x
C) x – 1
D) 2
E) 2 –x 2

4) If x =5 10 3, then x2=

A)5 106
B)25 10 6
C)10 103
D)5 101
E)25 106

120
5) What is the value of4 5 0 30  30  
5 0 3 0 
40
A) 4
B) 1
-2
D) 7 D) = 7
E) 0

3
1

6) What is the numerical value of ?
3
A) 1/27
B) 27 B) = 27
-1/27
-27

The result of 32+ 32+ 32es:

A) 92
 B) 36
C) 33
D) 27 D) = 27

8)–6 2=

A) 12
B) 36
-36 C) = -36
-12
-1/36

The square of -3m3

A) -9m6
B) 9m6
C) 9m3
-9m9
E) 9m9

3 2  3 2
10)
32

-9 A) = -9
-2
C) 0
80
D) 
81
E) 1/9

ii) Calculate:
a)  x 2 2  x 4  2 (x + y)3

d)  x 3 2 e)  2x 2 2 f)  3x 5 2

g)  2a 12  h)  a 2b 2 i)   a 2b 2

j) (5 - 4b)3 k)  x 7 y 2 l) (3m-2n2) 3

16a6
8
m) 81b

49m10y12
n).
 a) X2 + 4x + 4
b) X2 - 8X + 16
c) X^3 + 3X^2Y + 3XY^2 + Y^3

d) X2 - 6X + 9
e) 4X2+8X+4
f) 9X2-30X + 25
g) 4a2+4a+1
h) A2+4ab+4b2
4b2-4ab + a2
64b3+240b2-300b + 125
k) X2-14xy + 49y2
27m3+54m2n2+36mn4-8n6
m) 4a3/9b4
7m5y6

THEME IV. FACTORIAL DECOMPOSITION OF EXPRESSIONS

ALGEBRAIC

I. Factor the following expressions:

1)a2 13a 40
2)n2 28n 29
3)n2 6n 40
4)m2 13m 30

25 years2-30 y + 9
6) 9m2-1
7) Y2+ 50 y + 336
8) n2+ 6n - 16
16M281
10)121b4-64h6
11)3m2-7m-6

(a - 5) x (a - 8)
(n + 29) x (n - 1)
(n + 4) x (n - 10)
(m + 15) x (m - 2)
(5y - 3)²
(3m - 1) x (3m + 1)
g) 2(169 + 25y)
(n + 8) x (n - 2)
(4M - 9) x (4M + 9)
(11b² - 8h³) x (11b² + 8h³)
k) (3m + 2) x (m - 3)
 TOPIC V. LINEAR EQUATIONS and TOPIC VI.
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

I. Solve the linear equations:

1. 8x - 4 + 3x = 7x + x + 14 = X = 6

2. 11x + 5x–1 = 65 x–36 =X= 5/7

3. x - (2x + 1) = 8 - (3x + 3) = X = 6

4. x + 16 = 41, X = 25

5. 9x - 45 + 4x - 16 = 4 = X = 5

6. 2x - 3 + x - 35 = 2 - 9x - 4 = X = 3

7. 3 · (x–2) + 9 = 0 = X = 14

8. 8x + 7 - 2x + 5 = 4x + 12 - (x - 30) = X = 10

9. x + (x + 2) = 36 = X = 17

10. 2 · (3x–2)–(x+ 3) = 8 = X = 3

11. 2 · (13 + x) = 41 + x = X = 15

12. 2 · (x–3)–3 · (4x–5) = 17–8x = X = -4

√
II. Solve the quadratic equations: General Formula =− ± −

X2-13x + 30 = 0
6x2-x - 2 = 0
 2x2 3x 5 0
2
2 3x 4x
2x 3 4x2 5x 1

1) X=3, x = ½
 2) X = 2, x = 5
3) X = 3, x = 2
10
2/3

III. Correctly solve the following applications with

equations

Twice Lucia's age plus 25 years is equal to her grandfather's age.

What is 51 years? How old is Lucia?

2x + 25 = 51

2x = 51 - 25

x = 26/2

x = 13

Therefore, Lucía is 13 years old.

2.- The three sides of an equilateral triangle are expressed in meters. If its
The perimeter is 27 meters, find the length of each side.

The length of each side is 9m. Because you divide the perimeter by 3,
because it has 3 sides.

3.- Javier is 30 years younger than his father and he is 4 times the age of
Javier. Find out the age of each one.

X=4(X-30)

X=4X-120

120 = 3X

40=X

The father is 40 years old and Javier is only 10.

4.- The sum of four numbers is equal to 90. The second number is double.
that the first; the third is twice the second, and the fourth is twice the
third. Find the value of the four numbers.
First number = x
Second number = 2x
Third number = 2(2x) = 4x
Fourth number = 2(4x) = 8x
X + 2x + 4x + 8x = 90

15x=90
x=6
The four numbers
6, 12, 24, 48

At a year-end party, there are twice as many women as men.

and triple the number of children than the number of men and women together. Find the number of
men, women, and children at the party knowing that in total there are 156
the people who are in it.

Let 'x' be the number of men:

According to the problem:

Number of Women = 2x

Number of children = 3(x+2x) = 3*3x = 9x

In total, there are 156, therefore:

X + 2x + 9x = 156

12x = 156

x = 156/12

x = 13

Therefore, there are 13 men.