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This document explains the SQL in 5 important stages which will take you from the beginner
to pro with free resources and certifications.
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SQL (Structured Query Language) is the backbone for data extraction, cleaning, and
analysis. For a Data Analyst, mastering SQL is a must before diving deep into Python or BI
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tools.
🔹 Level 1: Beginner (Foundations) R
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Concepts:
● What is SQL? Why do Analysts use it?
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● Databases: Tables, Rows, Columns
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● Basic Queries: SELECT, FROM
● Filtering: WHERE clause, logical operators (=, >, <, AND, OR, NOT)
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● Sorting: ORDER BY
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● Limiting data: LIMIT / TOP
Free Resources:
● SQLBolt – https://sqlbolt.com/
● W3Schools SQL Tutorial - https://www.w3schools.com/sql/
Free Certifications:
● https://www.datacamp.com/courses/introduction-to-sql
🔹 Level 2: Intermediate (Data Manipulation)
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Concepts:
● Aggregate Functions: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX
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● Grouping Data: GROUP BY & HAVING
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● Aliases (AS)
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● String Functions: CONCAT, SUBSTRING, UPPER, LOWER
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● Date Functions: NOW, DATEPART, DATEDIFF
● Data Modification: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
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Free Resources:
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● https://mode.com/sql-tutorial
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● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXV3zeQKqGY
Free Certifications:
● https://www.coursera.org/learn/sql-for-data-science
🔹 Level 3: Analyst-Level Queries
Concepts:
● Joins:
○ INNER JOIN
○ LEFT / RIGHT JOIN
○ FULL OUTER JOIN
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○ SELF JOIN
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● Subqueries (nested queries)
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● Set Operations: UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT
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● Case Statements: CASE WHEN ... THEN ... END
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● Window Functions (Intro): ROW_NUMBER, RANK, DENSE_RANK
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Free Resources:
● https://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_join.asp
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● https://mode.com/sql-tutorial/sql-window-functions
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Free Certifications:
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● https://www.kaggle.com/learn/intro-to-sql
🔹 Level 4: Advanced Analytics with SQL
Concepts:
● Advanced Window Functions:
○ LAG, LEAD, NTILE
○ Moving Averages
● Common Table Expressions (CTEs) → WITH
● Views (Creating & Using)
● Stored Procedures (basic for analysts)
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● Query Optimization (Indexes, Execution Plan basics)
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Free Resources:
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● https://learnsql.com/blog/sql-window-functions/
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Free Certifications:
● https://mode.com/sql-tutorial
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🔹 Level 5: Expert / Data Analyst Pro Level
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Concepts:
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● Advanced Analytical Queries for Business Problems
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● Advanced Subqueries & Nested Window Functions
● Complex CTEs (Recursive CTEs)
● Performance Tuning (Indexing strategies, query optimization)
● SQL + BI Integration (connecting SQL to Power BI/Tableau/Excel)
● Real-world projects:
○ Sales Analysis
○ Customer Segmentation
○ Trend & Cohort Analysis
○ A/B Testing with SQL
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Free Resources:
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● https://leetcode.com/problemset/database/
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● https://www.stratascratch.com/
Free Certifications:
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● https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/modules/introduction-to-transact-sql/
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● https://www.coursera.org/professional-certificates/ibm-data-analyst
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✅ Final Note
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👉 For Data Analysts, stop at Level 5 and parallelly start Python + BI tools.
👉 For a general SQL career (DBA / Backend / Data Engineer), go even deeper into
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database administration, triggers, indexes, normalization, transactions after this
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roadmap.
Thank You for reaching out till here, Happy Learning 😁
