Mates Oral Fun 3 Notes – Supplement

Capt. Sandeep Kohli

Courtesy Dharamjeet Singh

Q. What are special Areas

Ans. Theses are areas in which, due to technical reasons relating to their
oceanographically & ecological condition and their sea traffic, require methods to
prevent sea pollution.

Q. What is PSSA

Ans. These are areas which require special protection through action by IMO because
of its recognized Ecological, Socio-economic and Scientific reasons which may be
vulnerable to damage by intentional maritime activity.

Q. Stealer Plate

Ans. At the end of the Ship’s particularly bow, the width of the strakes decreases and
2 strakes are merged into one and it is called stealer plate.

Q. Marine Warranties

Ans.

Warranty is a promise made by insured that a specified state or conditions will

continue to exist for the duration of the policy. Warranty may be Implied or Express.

Implied Warranty which is not written in the policy but are implied by the law to exist
in the contract. They must be strictly complied with in the same way as expressed
warranties. There are two major implied warranties in marine insurance policies
covering seaworthiness and legality.

a) Seaworthiness:- With reference to H&M policy, if the policy is voyage policy, there
is an implied warranty that at the commencement of the voyage, the ship shall be
seaworthy for the purpose of particular adventure. A ship is deemed to be seaworthy
when reasonably fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary perils of the sea of the
adventure insured.

But if it is a time policy, there is no implied warranty that the ship shall be
seaworthy at any stage of adventure but where, with the privity of the assured , the

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ship is sent to the sea in an unseaworthy state, the insurer is not liable for any loss
attributable to unseaworthiness.

b) Legality:- There is an implied warranty that the adventure insured is a lawful one
and that, so far as assured can control it, the adventure will be carried out in a lawful
manner.

An express warranty is the warranty, which must be included in, or written upon the
policy, or must be contained in some document incorporated by reference into the
policy.

There are a number of express warranty in marine insurance like warranty of

neutrality during war, institute warranty etc. But a common example with reference
to H&M policy being a warranty that the vessel is classed with a particular society and
that her class will be maintained. The wording is likely to be, for example " warranted
LR classed and class maintained"

Q. What is PSC

Ans. Port State Control, is the exercise of the right of a port State, when granting
permission to a foreign flagged ship to enter a port of the port State, to inspect the
vessel to ensure that it meets international safety, pollution and other requirements.

PSC inspection is internationally agreed regime for inspection of foreign ships in other
national ports, by PSC Inspectors. Main Purpose of PSC is to ensure that ship visiting
their ports are complying with International Conventions Such as SOLAS, MARPOL,
STCW and MLC.

Inspections can involve checking that vessel is manned and operated in compliance
with applicable international law, verifying the competency of ship’s Master and
officers and the condition of ship and its equipments.

Q. What is PMS

Ans Requirement of IMS code Regulation 10.

It is the process of planning, directing, and controlling the preventive maintenance of

all systems, sub-systems, and components onboard.

The purpose of the planned maintenance system is:

To ensure that all maintenance is carried out with adequate intervals, and in
accordance with the schedule in the planned maintenance system.

To maintain and keep all engines, machinery and technical components in good
working order at all times, to avoid stoppages and to maintain charter party
speed and consumption requirements.

To avoid interruption and oversight of work by covering all of the work.

* Nuclear
To make clear demarcation between onboard ship maintenance
and shore safety certificate
work.
* Nuclear ship safet
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Q. Heavy Weather Precautions

Ans. He wants to hear from Fwd to aft in a systematic way

1. Check Anchor lashing, take extra lashing.

2. Secure Spurling pipe with cement.
3. All ventilators on forecastle deck shall be closed and secured.
4. Bobby hatch cleats to be closed tightly and secured.
5. Mooring ropes to be secured on drums with canvas around them
6. Extra ropes to be taken in side forepeak store
7. Secure everything inside forepeak store and paint store(if its Fwd)
8. Close and secure forepeak store weathertight door
9. Check cargo lashing and tighten as required.
10. Close all ventilators on deck and secure them
11. Hatch cleats should be checked and tightened.
12. Rig a life line on deck
13. Take extra lashing on accommodation ladder
14. Shift pilot ladders inside deck houses.
15. Check Cargo gears such as cranes derricks are parked and secured properly.
16. No Loose objects to be left on deck (such as wooden gratings)
17. Check all the Scuppers are open & Clear
18. Reduce Free Surface Effect by pressing up all the tanks
19. Take extra ballast if possible to reduce panting effect.
20. Check and Close all sounding pipes tightly
21. All items deck houses secured properly and doors closed and secured
22. Make sure all lashings of Life Saving appliances are tight and No Extra Lashing
taken.
23. Secure poop deck - all vents, extra ropes and booby hatch secured properly.
24. Close all weather tights door on weather deck and tell crew not to go on deck
without permission and informing bridge.
25. Call Engine room and tell them about expected weather and instruct them not
to use steering flat door as they are fond of using that door.
26. Check steering gear for oil level and other unusual sounds, run both motors,
sync Gyro repeater, test bridge - steering flat communication system and try
out manual steering.
27. Engage crew in some productive task like securing and cleaning accommodation
spaces
28. Instruct Chief Cook about expected weather and secure galley.
29. Secure all the portholes and deadlights
30. Rearrange watch schedules as extra lookout may be required during restricted
visibility and for hand steering.
31. Tryout both fwd and main mast ship’s Whistle
32. Check weather forecast and ascertain ship’s and storm’s position.
33. Consider re-routing if required.
34. Update ETA
35. Log down all the events.

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Q. What are Statutory Certificates and What are Mandatory Certificates?

Ans. Courtesy www.myseatime.com

Statutory certificates are required by the statute. Statute means law. So these are
the certificates that are required by the law.

Mandatory certificates, as the name suggests are mandatory to carry on board.

But doesn’t that mean, all statutory certificates are mandatory ? Confusing right ?
* Polar ship certificate ch-15 high speed craft safety certificate ch-10 nu
While it is important that we have both type of certificates on board, there is a
principle difference between statutory and mandatory certificates.

If we sail a ship without a statutory certificate (the one required by law), we are
breaking the law. And like any other form of breaking law, it can be charged
under criminal law.

Statutory Certificates are the certificates required to be carried onboard under those
International Conventions which are ratified by the Flag State of your Ship. For
example Certificates required un MARPOL, SOLAS etc

Mandatory Certificates are those certificates required to be carried onboard under

those International Conventions which are not ratified by the Flag State of your Ship,
but are required because Country ship is visiting has ratified those conventions or
certificates required their own national laws.

For example Certificate of entry for P&I club - This certificate shows that ship is
covered under the P&I club which has issued this certificate. If the ship is not covered
by a P&I club, the port authorities may not allow the ship to enter or start cargo
operation.

But if the ship has not entered into a P&I club, this would not make the ship
unseaworthy.

Similarly for a ships visiting US port, need to have “Certificate of financial

responsibility”. If a vessel do not have this certificate, the US authorities do not allow
the ship to operate in US waters.

Again, if a ship has been sailing at sea without this certificate will not be an
unseaworthy ship. So these certificate even though not statutory, are mandatory to
have on board.

Cargo ship safety construction certificate CH-2

Cargo ship safety Equipment certificate CH-3
Cargo ship Radio certificate CH-4
Minimum safe manning certificate CH-5
*N
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Safety management certificate CH-9
International Ship security certificate CH-11
Document of compliance for ships carrying dangerous goods CH-7
Document of Authorisation for the Carriage of Grain CH-6
International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in
Bulk CH-7 *Nuclear ship safety certificate ch-8 * Enhanced survey program CH-12
International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk
International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of INF Cargo CH-7 PART D
* Polar ship certificate ch-15 high speed craft safety certificate ch-10
* industrial personnel safety cert CH-15
International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate (IOPP Certificate)
International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in
Bulk
International Pollution Prevention Certificate for the Carriage of Noxious Liquid
Substances in Bulk (NLS Certificate)
International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate
International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate
Engine International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate
International Energy Efficiency Certificate

International Load Line Certificate

International Load Line Exemption Certificate

International Tonnage Certificate

International Anti-fouling System Certificate

International Anti-fouling System Declaration

Certificates for Masters, Officers and Ratings

Certificate of Insurance in Respect of Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage

Maritime Labour Certificate (MLC)

Certificate of Compliance for ILO 92 & 133 (Crew accommodation)
Medical Certificate as per ILO 73
Load Test Certificate for cargo gear ILO 152

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Q. ISM Amendments

Ans. MSC.353(92) and these amendments entered into force on 1 January 2015.

PART A – IMPLEMENTATION

6 RESOURCES AND PERSONNEL

1 The existing text of paragraph 6.2 is replaced with the following:

" 6.2 The Company should ensure that each ship is:

.1 manned with qualified, certificated and medically fit seafarers in accordance with
national and international requirements; and

.2 appropriately manned in order to encompass all aspects of maintaining safe

operations on board.”

12 COMPANY VERIFICATION, REVIEW AND EVALUATION

2 The following new paragraph 12.2 is inserted after existing paragraph 12.1 and the
existing paragraphs 12.2 to 12.6 are renumbered as 12.3 to 12.7:

"12.2 The Company should periodically verify whether all those undertaking delegated
ISM-related tasks are acting in conformity with the Company's responsibilities under
the Code."

Q. Condition of Class

A requirement of a class surveyor, recorded on an Interim Certificate of Class, that a

specific measure, repair, survey, etc. must be carried out by a specified date in order
for the ship to retain her class.

On a damaged ship there may be, for example, a "Condition of class now imposed"
that an indented shell plate ("now temporarily repaired") must be "satisfactorily dealt
with" by the next dry-docking (with due date shown). On a new LNG carrier there
may be, for example, a "condition of class now imposed" that the cargo tank safety
devices, high level alarms and overfill valve shutdown are to be examined and tested
at the first cargo loading. When confirmed by a class surveyor to have been
satisfactorily complied with, a previously-imposed condition of class will be shown on
a new Interim Certificate of Class under the heading "Conditions of class now
deleted".

During its life, a ship may have issues with ship's hull and/or machinery. For example

A ship has collided with other ship which has resulted in a dent or hole on ship's
side. To repair this ship need to sail for few days to arrive at
nearest/economical dry dock.

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A ship has had allision with a jetty while berthing resulting in a dent or hole on
ship's side. To repair this ship need to sail for few days to arrive at
nearest/economical dry dock.
A Ship engine Governor is not working and spares has a lead time and will only
be available in around one month time

There are many more such examples and situations. In such cases, clearly ship is not
complying with the rules of the classification society.

But if the classification society revokes the "Certificate of class", the ship would not be
able to sail.

So instead, a class surveyor attends the ship and suggests and/or verifies the
temporary arrangements. After the said temporary arrangements are in place, he will
allow the ship to sail for one voyage or for some time period. Class does so by issuing
a "Condition of class", Which means that to be able to retain the class, the said defect
need to be renewed before the specified period.

This way the "certificate of class" remains valid but with a condition. When the defect
is rectified, class surveyor will attend the vessel and verify that. After successful
verification, he will delete the condition of class. In case of repair of structural
damage, such as to hull, class may require a class surveyor to monitor the repair.

In any case, if the condition of class is not removed before the said period, the
certificate of class will become invalid and the ship will considered to be unseaworthy.

Q. P & I Club

Ans. Protection and Indemnity Club

Group of ship owners started this club with intentions to pool the risks which are not
covered by Hull and Machinery underwriters. It is non-profitable club which covers
following claims:

Loss of life, injury & third party liabilities.

Crew claims covering repatriations.
Collision
Wreck removal
Damage to fixed and floating objects
Pollution
Cargo damage/shortage
Fines
Stowaways
Other

In a nut shell, Third Party Liability insurance for the shipowner, operator or charterer.

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Role of the club

manage claims
act as central point of contact
appoint experts, lawyers and correspondents
24 hour emergency response
pay claims and fees incurred
advise on safety and loss prevention

Q. Classification Society

Ans. It is a non-governmental organization that establishes and maintains technical

standards for the construction and operation of ships and offshore structures. The
society will also validate that construction is according to these standards and carry
out regular surveys in service to ensure compliance with the standards.

Classification societies set technical rules based on experience and researches,

confirm that designs and calculations meet these rules, survey ships and structures
during the process of construction and commissioning, and periodically survey vessels
to ensure that they continue to meet the rules.

Classification surveyors inspect ships to make sure that the ship, its components and
machinery are built and maintained according to the standards required for their class
IACS- International Association of Classification Societies. Purpose of IACS is to
secure uniformity between the various classification societies.

Q. Underwriters and salvage Association ?

Ans. Its is group of salvage companies working under a underwriter or approved by

underwriter to protect the interests of those concerned. Earlier private Salvage
companies used to have monopoly & charge whatever they like for salvage operation.
Underwriters decided to its better to do the salvage operation themselves rather to
pay another Salvage company. Example: Liverpool & Glasgow Salvage Association
make in 1924

Q. Foul Anchor and Foul Cable

Ans.

Foul Anchor

The term used to describe the anchor when it has become caught on an underwater
obstruction. The flukes of the anchor often become fouled by an old hawser or cable,
obstructing its normal use.

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Foul Hawse

This term is used to describe the crossing of the anchor cables, when both cables are
being used at the same time, as with a running, standing or open moor, owing to the
uncontrolled swinging of the vessel when anchored with both anchors (moored).

Q. Markings on Anchor and Chain

Ans. Each anchor must carry on the crown and on the shank

the maker’s name or initials,

its progressive number, and
its weight.
the number of the certificate,
letters indicating the certifying
authority.

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Q. Basics of Ship Construction.

Ans.

Concept Design

Basic requirements of Owner

Preliminary Design

Made by Naval Architect after considering all the requirements.

Contract Design

Made by shipyard after Contract is signed by owner and Shipyard.

* Nu
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Q. Fundamentals of Ship Construction

Ans.

Ship Design

Drawing of Line Plans (Sheer Plan, Half Breadth Plan, Body Plan)

Approval of Plans

Filling of Plans (Table of Offsets, Mould Lofting)

Transfer of plans to plate

Plate Preparation (Issue, Grit Blasting, Priming)

Plates & Section (Marking, Cutting, etc)

Production of Assemblies & Sub Assemblies

Fabrication of Units

Erection and Welding

Launching

Sea Trials & Certification.

* Nuclear
Nu shi
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Q. Duties of Ch mate as per STCW

Ans.

Tasks Duties & Responsibilities of Mate as per Table A-II/2

Function: Navigation at the management level

1. Plan a voyage and conduct navigation

2. Determine position and the accuracy of resultant position fix by any means
3. Determine and allow for compass errors
4. Coordinate search and rescue operations
5. Establish Watchkeeping arrangements and procedures
6. Maintain safe navigation through the use of information from navigation
equipment and systems to assist command decision making
7. Maintain the safety of navigation through the use of ECDIS and associated
navigation systems to assist command decision making
8. Forecast weather and oceanographic conditions
9. Respond to navigational emergencies
10. Manoeuvre and handle a ship in all conditions
11. Operate remote controls of propulsion plant and engineering systems and
Services

Function: Cargo handling and stowage at the management level

1. Plan and ensure safe loading, stowage, securing, care during the voyage and
unloading of cargoes
2. Assess reported defects and damage to cargo spaces, hatch covers and ballast
tanks and take appropriate action
3. Carriage of dangerous goods

Function: Controlling the operation of the ship and care for persons on board at the
management level

1. Control trim, stability and stress

2. Monitor and control compliance with legislative requirements and measures to
ensure safety of life at sea, security and the protection of the marine
environment
3. Maintain safety and security of the ship's crew and passengers and the
operational condition of life-saving, fire-fighting and other safety systems
4. Develop emergency and damage control plans and handle emergency situations
5. Use of leadership and managerial skill
6. Organize and manage the provision of medical care on board

* Nuclear
N
NuN ship safety
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 Mates Oral Fun 3 Notes – Supplement
Q. Duties of Ch Mate as per ISM

Ans.

1. Implementation of SMS
2. Training of Crew w.r.t. SMS
3. Follow PMS
4. Follow Company Checklists & Procedures
5. Emergency preparedness
6. Reporting of any N/C to company via Master.

Q. Amendments to AOA

Ans.

Annual Leave Wages A

Terms of employment T

Mode of Repatriation M

Mode of Payment Machine

Work and Rest Hours Working

Q. Bunker MSDS

Ans. As per SOLAS Ch VI, Reg. 5-1 : Ships Carrying Oil Fuel shall be provided with
MSDS prior loading oil or Bunkering.

Q. SSAM

Ans. Ship Structure Access Manual

As per SOLAS Ch II-1, Reg. 3-6, A ship’s means of access to carry out Overall &
Close-up Inspection and thickness measurement shall be described in SSAM approved
by administration and updated copy shall be kept onboard.

SSAM shall include following of each spaces

1. Plans showing means of access to the space with appropriate dimensions

2. Plans showing means of access of each space to enable overall inspection
3. Plans showing means of access of each space to enable Close-up inspection
4. Instructions for rigging & Use of any portable means of access in safe manner.

*
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Q. GBS

Ans. Goal Based Standard - Adopted in 2010 SOLAS Ch II-1, Reg. 3-10

These are the High level of standards & procedures that are to be met through
regulations and standards of ships. It requires all Oil Tankers & Bulk Carriers more
than 150 m for which Building contract is placed on or after 1st July 2016, shall satisfy
structural requirements confirming to the GBS.

Verified by Class, which acts as R.O. for construction rules of tankers and bulk
carriers.

Q. Incinerator Banned Items

Ans. MARPOL Annex VI, Reg. 16

purges PuRRGES
1. Residues of Cargoes of Annex I , II & III
2. PCB’s Polychlorinated Biphenyls
3. Refined petroleum products containing halogen compounds
4. Garbage (defined by Annex V), which contains traces of heavy metals.
5. Sludge oil not generated onboard ship’s
6. Exhaust gas cleaning system residues

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