Assignment:
Here mostly three formulas will be used:
i) Observed ∑ 𝑥𝑖 ∑ 𝑥𝑖 = sum of recorded time.
OT=
Time: 𝑛
ii) Normal Time: NT= OT×PR n = number of observations.
iii) Standard Time: ST = NT×AF PR = Performant Rating.
AF = Allowance Factor.
Problem-01. A direct study was taken on a manual work element. The regular
cycle consisted of four elements a, b, c, and d.
Work element a b c d
Observed time 0.56 0.25 0.50 1.10
(min)
Performance 100% 80% 110% 100%
Rating
Determine Standard time for cycle, using allowance factor of 15%.
Solution:
Work element a b c d
Observed time 0.56 0.25 0.50 1.10
(min)
Performance 100% 80% 110% 100%
Rating =1 =0.8 =1.1 =1
Standard time 2.84 min
Here,
Allowance Factor, AF =1/1-15% = 1/1-0.15 = 1.18
∴ Normal Time, NT = OT×PR ∴ Standard Time, ST = NT×AF
for a = 0.56×1 = 2.41×1.18
= 0.56 min = 2.84 min
for b = 0.25×0.8
=0.20 min
for c = 0.5×1.1
= 0.55 min
for d = 1.1×1
= 1.1 min
∴ Total Normal time = 0.56+0.20+0.55+1.1 = 2.41min
Answer: Standard time =2.84 min.
Problem-02. Find out standard time using the following data:
Average time for machine elements = 6 min
Average time for manual elements = 4 min
Performance Rating, PR = 110%
Allowances, AF = 10%
Solution:
Here,
Average time for machine elements, OT for machine = 6 min
Average time for manual elements, OT for manual = 4 min
Performance Rating, PR = 110% = 1.1
Allowance Factor, AF = 1/1-10% = 1.11
We know that,
∴ Normal Time, NT = OT×PR ∴ Standard Time, ST = NT×AF
for machine = 6×1 = 10.4×1.11
= 6 min = 11.56 min
for manual = 4×1.1
= 4.4 min
∴ Total Normal Time, NT = 6+4.4 = 10.4 min
Answer: Standard time = 11.56 min.
Problem 03. Assuming that the total observed time for an operation of
assembling an electric switch is 1.00 min. If the rating is 120%, find normal time.
If an allowance of 10% is allowed for the operation, determine the standard time.
Solution:
Here,
Observed Time, OT = 1 min
Performance Rating, PR = 120% = 1.2
Allowance Factor, AF = 1/1-10% = 1.11
We know that,
∴ Normal Time, NT = OT×PR ∴ Standard Time, ST = NT×AF
= 1×1.2 = 1.2×0.1
= 1.2 min = 1.33 min
Answer:
Normal Time, NT for an operation of assembling and electric switch is 1.2 min.
Standard Time, ST for an operation of assembling and electric switch is 1.33min.
Problem 04. In attempt to increase productivity and reduce cost, a company is
planning to install an incentive pay plan in its manufacturing plant. In developing
standards for one operation, time study analysts observed a worker for a 30-
minute period. During that time the worker completed 42 parts. The analysts rated
the worker as producing at 130 percent. The base wage rate for a worker is $5 per
hour and an incentive of $ 2 for each extra unit produced. The firm has established
15% as a fatigue and personal time allowance.
i. What is the standard time for the task?
ii. If the worker produced 500 units during an eight-hour day, what wages
would be the worker have earned?
Solution:
Here,
Observed Time, OT = 30/42 min/unit = 0.714 min/unit
Performance Rating, PR = 130% = 1.3
Allowance Factor, AF = 1/1-15% = 1.18
We know that,
∴ Normal Time, = OT×PR ∴ Standard Time, = NT×AF
(NT) = 0.714×1.3 (ST) = 0.93×1.18
= 0.93 min/unit = 1.096 min/unit
Now,
In 1.096 min, 1 unit is produced
In 8 hours or (8×60) mins = (8×60) unit is produced
1.096
= 437.95 unit is produced
= 438 units
Since the worker produced 500 units
∴ Extra unit = (500-438) units
= 62 units
As, incentive is $2 per unit
∴ Total incentive wage = $(2*62)
= $124
Given that,
Base wage = $5/ hour
∴ Total base wage = $(5×8)
= $40
∴ Total wage of workers = $(124+40)
= $164
Answer: Standard time = 1.096 min/unit and Total wage = $164.
