JAVA
Presentation Layer (Controller, DTO, API Layer)
REST Controllers
o @RestController annotation
o HTTP Methods: @GetMapping, @PostMapping, @PutMapping, @DeleteMapping,
@PatchMapping
o Routing using @RequestMapping
o Working with Path Variables (@PathVariable)
o Query Parameters (@RequestParam)
o Request Body (@RequestBody)
Request and Response Handling
o Content Negotiation (JSON, XML)
o Handling HTTP Headers and Cookies
o ResponseEntity for custom HTTP responses
o HTTP status codes usage best practices
DTO (Data Transfer Objects)
o Purpose: abstraction and encapsulation of data transfer
o Mapping DTOs to Entities (and back)
o Tools: ModelMapper, MapStruct, manual conversions
o Best practices for DTO design
o Validation integration with DTOs using @Valid and BindingResult
Input Validation
o Hibernate Validator annotations: @NotNull, @Size, @Min, @Max, @Email,
@Pattern
o Custom validator implementations and annotations
o Group validations and validation flows
Exception Handling
o @ControllerAdvice for global exception handling
o @ExceptionHandler for specific exceptions
o Creating standardized error response models
Authentication & Authorization
o Integrating Spring Security for path-level security
o OAuth2 and JWT-based authentication flows
o Session management and CSRF protection
o Role-based access control with annotations (@PreAuthorize)
API Documentation and Versioning
o Swagger / OpenAPI integration
o Documenting controllers and models
o URI versioning, header versioning strategies
Cross-cutting Concerns
o CORS configuration for cross-domain requests
o Rate limiting and API throttling techniques
Business Layer (Service Layer)
Service Classes
o Defining service interfaces and implementations
o Annotating services with @Service
o Separation of concerns in service methods
Core Business Logic
o Applying business validations and rules
o Workflow orchestration and process management
o Facade service pattern for grouping operations
Transaction Management
o @Transactional annotation use cases
o Propagation behaviors (REQUIRED, REQUIRES_NEW, etc.)
o Isolation levels and rollback strategies
Dependency Injection
o Constructor injection versus field injection best practices
o Using @Autowired and @Qualifier
Application Events
o Creating and publishing custom events
o Event listeners and asynchronous event handling
Security Enforcement
o Method-level security with @PreAuthorize, @PostAuthorize, @Secured
o Integrating with SecurityContext for user data
Integration
o Calling external REST services (RestTemplate, WebClient)
o Inter-service communication patterns (synchronous vs asynchronous)
Caching
o Spring Cache abstraction (@Cacheable, @CachePut, @CacheEvict)
o Cache managers and providers (EhCache, Redis)
Asynchronous Processing
o Using @Async for running tasks in separate threads
o Managing thread pools and exception handling in async calls
Error Handling and Logging
o Propagating meaningful exceptions to upper layers
o Structured logging integration (SLF4J, Logback)
Persistence Layer (Repository, Model, Data Access)
Repository Interfaces
o Extending JpaRepository, CrudRepository, PagingAndSortingRepository
o Naming conventions for query method generation
o Writing custom queries with @Query (JPQL and native SQL)
Entities / Models
o JPA annotations (@Entity, @Table, @Id, @Column)
o Defining relationships (OneToOne, OneToMany, ManyToMany, ManyToOne)
o Generated values and primary keys (@GeneratedValue)
o Entity lifecycle callbacks (@PrePersist, @PostLoad, @PreUpdate)
Pagination and Sorting
o Using Pageable and Sort parameters
o Returning Page<T> and Slice<T>
DTO Projections and Partial Data
o Interface-based projections
o Class-based DTO projections
Transaction and Locking
o Optimistic locking using @Version
o Pessimistic locking with LockModeType
Multiple Datasource Configuration
o Defining multiple DataSources and EntityManagers
o Routing queries between different databases
NoSQL Data Access
o Spring Data MongoDB repositories
o Key-value stores like Redis
Data Migration & Versioning
o Flyway setup and migration scripts
o Liquibase changelog management
Connection Pooling and Datasource
o HikariCP configuration and tuning
Auditing and Soft Deletes
o Auditing with @CreatedDate, @LastModifiedDate, @CreatedBy,
@LastModifiedBy
o Soft delete implementation with a status flag
Database Layer
Relational Databases
o Normalization principles and schema design
o Index creation and management for performance
o Query analysis with EXPLAIN plans
NoSQL Databases
o Data modeling principles for document and key-value stores
Backup and Recovery
o Strategies for regular backups and point-in-time recovery
Security
o Encryption mechanisms (at rest and in transit)
o User and role management
o Auditing queries and data access
Performance Tuning
o Connection pool configuration
o Query optimization and caching considerations
Cross-Cutting Concerns and Utilities
Utilities
o Common helpers: string processing, date-time utilities, file utilities
o Reusable validation helpers
Logging
o Configuration of SLF4J and Logback
o Structured logs and MDC (Mapped Diagnostic Context)
Configuration Management
o Property sources: application.properties, application.yml
o Profiles and externalized configuration
Exception and Error Handling Strategy
o Design of custom exceptions hierarchy
o Fallback methods and recovery (with Resilience4j or Hystrix patterns)
Testing
o Unit tests with JUnit, Mockito for mocking dependencies
o Integration tests with @SpringBootTest
o MockMvc for controller tests
Metrics and Monitoring
o Using Micrometer for custom metrics
o Prometheus and Grafana setup
Packaging and Deployment
o Creating executable fat JARs and WARs
o Dockerizing Spring Boot applications
API Gateway and Service Discovery (Microservices)
o API Gateway setup (Zuul, Spring Cloud Gateway)
o Service discovery implementations (Eureka, Consul)
This multi-level detail framework covers a rich spectrum of topics and best practices in
each layer of a Spring Boot application architecture for expert knowledge and practical
application development. If further examples or code explanations are needed for any
subtopic, they can also be provided.
1. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/springboot/spring-boot-architecture/
2. https://www.interviewbit.com/blog/spring-boot-architecture/
3. https://dev.to/maddy/spring-boot-architecture-547i
4. https://pwskills.com/blog/architecture-of-spring-boot-examples-pattern-layered-controller-layer/
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kzrm-BdLckE
6. http://www.ir.juit.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10202/1/Spring Boot Application using
Three Layered Architecture in Java by Sparsh Aggarwal.pdf
