ISLAMIA COLLEGE PESHAWAR

[CHARTERED UNIVERSITY]
MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA (PAKISTAN)
Exchange: +92-091-9216514-15-16-17, Ext. 3043, Phone: +92-091-9216512

Synopsis for degree of √ M. S. /M. Phil Ph.D

Part-I
Name of Student Abdul Majeed

Department Mathematics
Registration No.
Research Supervisors Dr. Hamid Khan

Members of graduates studies

Convener Dean of Faculty of Technologies and Engineering Science
1.
2. Chairman Department of Mathematics

3. Member

4. Member

5. Member

Title of Research Proposal Modified Residual Power Series Method For

Solving Differential Equations
Summary of the Research Proposal
In this thesis, Modified Residual Power Series Method is proposed for numerical solution of
Differential equations. In proposed strategy we will approximate the solutions of differential
equations via truncated residual power series than collocation approach is applied to compute
the unknown coefficients. The method is tested to solve different equations namely: linear
wave type equation, Buckmaster equation, Kawahara equation, Diffusion equation and
Nonhomogeneous Rosenau-Burger equation. Moreover, to check the accuracy we calculate the
absolute error. The computed results have been compared with exact solutions and with
available results in literature. From computations it has been observed that proposed scheme is
efficient for solutions of such equations.

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Introduction

Differential equations arise frequently in many problems in physics, mechanics, chemistry,

geometry, algebra, economics and engineering, etc. Although many differential equation can

be solved analytically but a great number of them cannot be so solved. However, the solution

of many of these equations can usually be found numerically or semi numerically. The

differential equation is particularly convenient for modern computers, corresponding to these

numerical and semi numerical methods for obtaining approximate solutions.

In real life, most of the problems are modeled as nonlinear differential equations. Such types of

problems are arising in many fields like population, astronomy, physics, biomathematics,

astrophysics and finance, etc.

The residual power series method (RPS), proposed by Abu Arqud is an efficient and easy

method for constructing power series solutions of differential equations without linearization,

perturbation, or discretization. Different from the classical power series method, RPS does not

need to compare the coefficients of the corresponding terms. This method computes the

coefficients of the power series by a chain of equations with one or more variables. One

advantage is that RPS is not affected by computational round-off errors and also does not

require large computer memory and extensive time. In power series solutions of higher-order

ordinary differential equations are obtained by RPS. Inspired by this approach, we present a

general residual power series method (GRPS) for constructing power series solutions of time-

space fractional differential equations with variable coefficients:

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Literature review

In engineering and sciences real world problems can be modeled mathematically by

differential equations (DEs). For example radioactive decay, spring-mass systems, population

growth and predator-prey models [1]. DEs are further classified into two types namely

ordinary differential equation (ODEs) and partial differential equation (PDEs). To solve these

equations different semi-Analytical techniques are available in the literature such as

differential transform method [2], Darboux transformation [3], differential transfer matrix

method [4], tanh method [5], separation of variable [6], jacobian elliptical transformation,

f-expansion method [7], Hirota bilinear method [8], Sine-Cosine Method [9, 10] and

variational Iteration method [11] etc. Solution of linear DEs are easy to calculate, difficulties

arise in nonlinear and higher order equations. Therefore researchers have switched their

attention towards approximate solution of these equations. Taylor, Euler and Rung-e-Kutta

[12] methods are some well-known methods for solutions of DEs . There are lot of other

numerical techniques to solve DEs such as polynomial approximation [13], discrete variational

derivative method [14], finite difference method [15], finite element method, finite volume

method [16], nonmetric multidimensional scaling method [17], inverse scattering method [18],

adaptive method [19], Crank-Nicolson and stable implicit method [20], optimization method

[21], step-size control method [22] and regularization techniques [23]. Every numerical

technique has their own limitations i.e most of these techniques require linearization,

discretization and perturbation which is time consuming and difficult. To overcome these

limitations upto some extent we use residual power series method (RPSM) which doesn’t

require any discretization, perturbation and linearization [24]. RPSM create the approximate

solution of linear and nonlinear higher order initial boundary value problems (IBVPs) in the

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form of a polynomial. Numerous mathematicians have used RPSM to solve different

Problems. Some of them are given below. Arqub and his co-author implemented the RPSM for

the linear and nonlinear Lane Emden equation [25]. Al-Smadi applied the RPSM to solve first

order linear and nonlinear IVPs in [24]. AL Quran solved the fractional foam drainage

equations using RPSM [26]. AL Quran also used RPSM to solve the second order time

fractional two components evolutionary system [27]. Ahmad et al. studied nonlinear fractional

KDV-Burgers

Equation [28]. Sunil et al. implemented the RPSM to solve time-fractional nonlinear coupled

Boussinesq {Burger's equations, which arise in the propagation of shallow water waves [29].

Iryna investigated multi-paragraph delay DEs [30]. Bewar implemented the RPSM to solve

the Modified Kawahara equation [31].

Research Methodology
In this work, we will study the proposed methodology of residual power series method and

modify it to find the numerical solution of boundary value problems. The computed results

compared with exact and other available techniques in literature. Absolute errors have been

computed in order to check the accuracy.

Objectives:

• To solve the boundary value problems by using modified residual power series method.

• ?????

• To compare the obtained results using the proposed numerical method with other

methods available in the literature.

• To show the validity of methods by finding residual errors.

4
References

1. D.G. Zil, Differential equations with boundary value problems, seventh edition, 2009,

220-253

2. W.C.Xie, Differential equations for engineers, Cambridge University, 2010.

3. CK Chen, SH Ho. Solving partial differential equations by two-dimensional differential

transform method, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 1999

4. R. Sadat, A. A. Halim, New soliton solution for the kadomatsev-petviashvili equation

using Darboux transformation, International Journal of Mathematical Models, 2017,

15, 112-122.

5. A. Holubec, and A.D. Stau_er, Efficient solution of differential equations by analytic

continuation, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 1985, 18, 2141-2149.

6. H. Khater, W. Maliet, D. K. Callebaut, E. S. Kamel, The tanh method, a simple

transformation and exact analytical solutions for nonlinear reaction diffusion equations,

2002, 14, 513-522.

7. G. W. Bluman and S. Kumei, Symmetries and differential equations, Springer, 1989.

5
8. S. Koonprasert, M. Punpocha, More Exact solutions of Hirota-Ramani partial

differential equations by applying F-Expansion method and symbolic computation,

Glob. J. Pure Applied. Mathematics, 2016, 12, 1903-1920.

9. Y. Xie, S. tang, Sine-Cosine method for new coupled ZK system, Applications and

Applied Mathematics, 2011, 5, 1065-1072.

10. H.A.Zedan, S.J.Monaquel, The Sine-Cosine method for the Davey-Stewartson

equations, Applied Mathematics, 2010, 10, 103-111.

11. M.Akbarzade, j.Langari, Application of Homotopy perturbation method and variational

Iteration Method to three dimensional diffusion problems, International Journal

Mathematical Analysis, 2011, 5, 871-880.

12. R.L.Burden, J.D Faires, Numerical Analysis, Ninth Edition, 2011, 1-863.

13. W.E. Schiesser, The numerical method of lines integration of partial differential

equations, Academic Press, 2012, 120-156

14. Daisuke Fuihata, Discrete variational derivative method, Osaka University, 2011.

15. Allen Taove, Susan C. Hagness, Computational electrodynamics, Third Edition.

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16. Mario A, Casrin and Olof B. Widlund, Hierarchical preconditioner for the mortar finite

element method, Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis, 1996, 4.

17. J. B. KRUSKAL, Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: A numerical method, Bell

Telephone Laboratories, 1964, 29.

18. Nadine Joachimowicz, Christian Pichot, and Jean-Paul Hugonin, Inverse scattering: An

iterative numerical method for electromagnetic imaging, IEEE Transactions on

Antennas and Propagation, 1991, 39.

19. U. Anantha Krishnaiah, Adaptive methods for periodic initial value problems of second

order differential equations, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 1982,

8.

20. Geogios Akrivis, Charalambos Makidakis, And Ricardo H. Nochetto, A posterior error

estimates for the Crank- Nicolson method for parabolic equations, Mathematics of

Computation, 2005, 75, 511.

21. A. Malek, R. Shekari Beidokhti, Numerical solution for high order di_erential

equations using a hybrid neural network|Optimization method, Applied Mathematics

and Computation, 2006, 260.

22. Werner Romisch and Renate Winkler, Stepsize control for mean-square numerical Ph

7
 methods for stochastic differential equations with small nose, Industrial and Applied

Mathematics, 2006, 28, 604.

23. Anna-Karin Tornberg and Bjorn Engquist, regularization techniques for numerical

approximation of PDEs with singularities, Journal of Scientific Computing, 2003, 19.

24. Mohammed H. Al-Smadi, Solving initial value problems by residual power series

method, Theoretical Mathematics and Applications, 2013, 199-210.

25. Omar Abu Arqub, Ahmad El-Ajou, A.Sami Bataineh, and I.Hashim, A representation

of the exact solution of generalized lane-emden equations using a new analytical

method, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Abstract and Applied Analysis, 2013.

26. Marwan Alquran, Analytical solutions of fractional foam drainage equation by residual

power series method, Springer, 2014, 153.

27. Marwan AL Quran, Analytical solution of time-fractional two-component evolutionary

system of order 2 by residual power series method, Journal of Applied Analysis and

Computation, 2015, 589.

28. Ahmad El-Ajou , Omar Abu Arqub , Shaher Momani, Approximate analytical solution

of the nonlinear fractional KDV-Burgers equation: a new iterative algorithm, Journal of

Computational Physics, 2014.

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29. Sunil Kumar, Amit Kumar, Dumitru Baleanu, Two analytical methods for time-

fractional nonlinear coupled Boussinesq{Burger's equations arise in propagation of

shallow water waves, Nonlinear Dynamics, 2016, 699.

30. Iryna Komashynska , Mohammed Al-Smadi , Abdallah Al-Habahbeh , Ali Ateiwi,

Analytical approximate solutions of systems of multi-pantograph delay differential

equations using residual power series method, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of

Science, The University of Jordan, 2010.

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Recommendation by the Research Supervisor

Name: Dr. Hamid Khan Signature:__________________

Date:____________

Tentative Time Table

Literature survey is completed and thesis will be completed up to 2021.

Name of the student: Muhammad Gul Signature:

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Signed by Graduate Studies Committee

Convener ( Faculty of Technologies & Engineering Sciences) ________________

Chairman.______________________________________

1. Member______________________________________

2. Member______________________________________

3. Member______________________________________

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Approved by Departmental Advisory Committee
Certified that the synopsis has been seen by member of DAC and considered it suitable
for putting up to ASRB.
Secretary
Departmental Advisory Committee

Name:__________________________________ Signature:_____________________

Date:_________________

Chairman ______________________________

Signature: _____________________________

Date: ______________________________

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PART II

Dean Faculty of Physical and Numerical Sciences

_________________Approved for placement before ASRB.

_________________Not Approved on the basis of following reasons

Signature ____________________________ Date________________

Secretary ASRB

_________________Approved from ASRB.

_________________Not Approved on the basis of the following reasons

Signature ____________________________ Date__________________

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Dean Faculty of Physical and Numerical Sciences

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Signature:_______________________________ Date__________________

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