Mathematics Notes
Tuesday, 2 May 2023 15:08
Natural Numbers
N = {0,1,2,3,4…}
These numbers include from the number ZE
infinity, all the positive numbers in a numbe
inclusive of zero.
Zero is neither negative nor positive.
N+N=N
NxN=N
Modulus is another word for remainder in divisio
Example: 19 divided by 5 here the quotient is 3 an
4.
"Multiplication is b
"Division is basicall
ERO to
er line but
Subtraction takes us awa
from natural numbers, he
we have a bigger spectru
of integers.
Integers
Z = {…..-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3…..
Integers are positive and
a number line, they are i
on.
nd remainder is Natural numbers are a s
Their set is inclusive of a
Negative infinity to posit
basically repeated addition".
ly repeated subtraction".
ay
ence
um
.}
d negative numbers in
inclusive of zero..
subset of Integers.
all the numbers form
tive infinity
Modulus is another word for remainder in divisio
Example: 19 divided by 5 here the quotient is 3 an
4.
The quotient is the number above the bar, the nu
the result of the dividing.
The number which is being divided is the dividend
this case.
The number which is dividing is the divisor and th
is the reminder. The remainder can be ZERO as w
Modulus
a divides b if b mod a = 0
#a|b
# b is a multiple of a
Example: 4 | 20, 7 | 21, 32 | 1024, etc.
on.
nd remainder is Natural numbers are a s
Their set is inclusive of a
umber which is Negative infinity to posit
d such as 19 in
he number left
well. Prime Numbers
p is a prime number if it have
Eg: 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,et
1 is not a prime number, sin
Prime numbers are a subset
Integers as well.
For a subset with special case where
subset and has a few elements of th
is called a Proper set, denoted with
For Example in a set of A={1,2,3)
The other set B={1,3}
subset of Integers.
all the numbers form
tive infinity
e only two factors {1,p}
tc.
nce it has only one factor, 1.
t of Natural numbers, hence
e a set is a
he given set
a symbol ⊂.
# b is a multiple of a
Example: 4 | 20, 7 | 21, 32 | 1024, etc.
Anti-Modulus
Anti-Modulus or not a modulus
means that a is not a factor of b
4 | 19, 7| 20, 32 | 1023, etc does not
exist
Rational Numbers
Q = p/q, q is not equal to zero.
Unlike integers and natural numbers the same
written in different ways.
Eg: 4/16 = 1/4, 2/10 = 1/5, etc.
The second way here is "reduced form"
Between two rational numbers there is always
number.
Grea
is called a Proper set, denoted with
For Example in a set of A={1,2,3)
The other set B={1,3}
Hence A ⊂ B
For a subset where all the elements
set along with null set is called a Im
dented with a symbol
For Example in a set of A={1,2,3)
The other set B={1,2,3,}
Hence A ⊂ B
number can be
s a rational
atest Common Divisor
a symbol ⊂.
s of original
mproper set,
Grea
Rational numbers are dense (closely
Gcd
packed, no gap between numbers)
Usin
Integers are discrete (have next
property) Cat
find
SET THEORY
A set is a collection of items. A set can b
or infinite.
Example for a set of elements X={A,B,C,D
A ∈ X. (A is an element of X)
Z ∉ X. (Z is not an element of X)
R (Real)
atest Common Divisor
d(18,60) = 6
ng Prime factorization: 18 = 2 x 3 x 3, 60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5
tching the common from prime factorization we can
d the gcd.
be finite
D}
A subset is a set
inclusive of elements of
the main set.
For Example:
N⊆ Z
R (Real)
Q (Rational)
Z (Integers)
N (Natural)
For Example:
N⊆ Z
Z⊆ Q
Q⊆ R
Also, N ⊆ R & Z ⊆ R
And P ⊆ R i.e P is not
a subset of R
