Reg. No.
Question Paper Code : 19185
B.E. / B.TECH. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2022
Fifth Semester
B.E. – Electronics and Communication Engineering
19EC591 – ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION
(Regulations: Mepco – R2019)
Duration: 3 Hours Max. : 100 Marks
Answer ALL Questions
PART A – (10 2 = 20 Marks)
BTL, CO
U, CO1 1. In which of the following polarization, the electric field components are
perpendicular to each other and have equal magnitude? Justify your answer.
A) Linear B) Vertical C) Circular D) Elliptical
A, CO1 2. Calculate the maximum effective aperture of a microwave antenna which has a
directivity of 900.
U, CO2 3. State the need for tapering of array antennas.
R, CO2 4. What is the progressive phase shift of the end-fire array? Justify your answer.
A) 0 B) 90 C) 180 D) 60
U, CO3 5. If the all the walls of rectangular waveguide are flared out, then it is called
___________. Justify your answer.
A) Pyramidal horn B) Conical horn
C) E-plane horn D) H-plane horn
R, CO3 6. Define the method of images principle.
U, CO4 7. How fringing effect occurs in Microstrip Patch antenna?
U, CO4 8. What are the parameters that can be taken from anechoic chamber and discuss
their limitations and variability in measurements?
R, CO5 9. Which ionization layer is present throughout the day but disappears at night
owing to the greatest recombination rate? Justify your answer.
A) D-region B) Normal E-region
C) Sporadic E-region D) Appleton region
A, CO5 10. The critical frequency for reflection at vertical incidence with maximum electron
density of 1.24 x 106 cm-3 is __________. Justify your answer.
1
19185
PART B – (5 16 = 80 Marks)
U, CO1 11. a) i. State and prove the reciprocity theorem. (10 Marks)
A, CO1 11. a) ii. A radio link has a 15 W transmitter connected to an antenna of
2.5 m2 effective aperture at 5 GHz. The receiving antenna has an
effective aperture of 0.5 m2 and is located at a 15 Km line of sight
distance from the transmitting antenna. Assuming lossless,
matched antennas, find the power delivered to the receiver. (6 Marks)
OR
U, CO1 11. b) i. From Maxwell’s equations, derive the retarded vector potential
for magnetic field. (10 Marks)
A, CO1 11. b) ii. If an antenna temperature of 20 K is fed into an amplifier that has
effective noise temperature of 10 K then calculates the available
noise power per unit bandwidth at the input for this parameter
antenna temperature. Calculate the available noise power for a
noise bandwidth of 4 MHz. (Assume k = 1.38 x 10-23). (6 Marks)
U, CO2 12. a) i. Derive path difference, direction of maxima, direction of minima
and Half power point direction for ‘n’ element array with equal
amplitude and opposite phase with spacing λ/2. (8 Marks)
A, CO2 12. a) ii. Draw the radiation pattern for 8 element array step by step,
separated by a distance λ/2 using pattern multiplication principle. (8 Marks)
OR
U, CO2 12. b) i. Derive the expression for electric and magnetic field components
for half wave dipole antenna. (8 Marks)
A, CO2 12. b) ii. Design a five element broadside array which has the optimum
pattern for a side-lobe-level of -20 db. The spacing between
elements has to be λ/2. (8 Marks)
U, CO3 13. a) i. Explain the working principle of slot antenna based on Babinet's
principle with a neat diagram. Also, compare Slot antenna and
complementary dipole antenna based on radiation, advantages and
impedance. (10 Marks)
A, CO3 13. a) ii. Calculate the power gain of an optimum horn antenna in dB
whose one side of a square aperture is 10 λ. (6 Marks)
OR
2
19185
U, CO3 13. b) i. Explain in detail about parabolic reflector along with the ways to
reduce spill over energy. Also, with proper diagrams, explain
about the various feeding techniques used in parabolic reflectors. (10 Marks)
A, CO3 13. b) ii. Calculate the directivity and BWFN of parabolic dish antenna,
when its diameter is 8 λ and 16 λ. (6 Marks)
U, CO4 14. a) i. With a suitable diagram explain the construction and principle of
operation of a log –periodic antenna and also, describe the
relationship between the apex angle ( ), scale constant ( ) and
spacing (d). (8 Marks)
U, CO4 14. a) ii. With the aid of appropriate sketches, explain fully the operation of
Yagi-Uda antenna. List its applications. Why is it called a super
gain antenna? (8 Marks)
OR
U, CO4 14. b) i. Explain the method to measure impedance by
A) Slotted line section method B) Wheatstone bridge Method (8 Marks)
U, CO4 14. b) ii. Explain about helical antenna with neat sketches and describe its
operation in the axial and normal mode. (8 Marks)
U, CO5 15. a) i. Derive the expression for maximum usable frequency for cases:
A) Assuming earth to be flat
B) Assuming earth to be curved (10 Marks)
A, CO5 15. a) ii. Calculate maximum usable frequency for a high frequency radio
link between two points at a distance of 2500 km on the surface of
earth. Consider the height of ionosphere is 200 km and the critical
frequency is 5 MHz. (6 Marks)
OR
U, CO5 15. b) i. Explain the following:
A) Structure of ionosphere
B) Electrical properties of ionosphere (10 Marks)
A, CO5 15. b) ii. Determine the change in the electron density of the E-layer when
the critical frequency changes from 4.5 MHz to 1.5 MHz between
mid-day and sun-set periods. (6 Marks)
3
19185
4
19185
