HONG KONG DIPLOMA OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

Mock Examination for 2017 S6

CHEMISTRY
(Papers 1B & 2)

Marking Scheme

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Mock Exam for S6 Marking Scheme

Paper 1B

PART I

1. (a) (i) Isotopes are different atoms of an element which have the same number of protons
but a different number of neutrons. (1)
[The answer must include the same number of protons or the same element, and different number of neutrons or

different mass number.]

[‘Same proton’, ‘different neutrons’ are NOT accepted.]

(ii) Let y be the relative isotopic mass of the third isotope.

24 × 80.0 + 26 × 10.0 + y × 10.0
24.3 = (1)
100

y = 25 or 25.0 (1)
[1 mark for step; another 1 mark for correct numerical answer WITHOUT unit. ’25.00’ is not accepted.]

(b) (i) Any one of the following:

 Barium sank in water and dissolved.
 Stream of bubbles evolved.
 The reaction mixture became hot. Max (1)
(ii) Ba(s) + 2H2O(l)  Ba(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) (1)
[Balanced; in simplest ratio; ignore state symbols]

(iii) Any one of the following:

 The hydrogen gas produced is explosive / flammable.
 Barium and its compounds are highly toxic. Max (1)
[Accept Ba(OH)2 is corrosive.]

(iv) Barium is more reactive than magnesium. / Magnesium is less reactive than barium.
The reactivity of Group II metals increases down the group./ The electrons in the
outermost shell of a barium atom are weakly bounded by the nucleus as compared
with that of a magnesium atom. Thus, barium atom forms ion more easily. Max (1)

2. (a) The metal formed can conduct electricity. (1)

5.02 g
(b) Number of moles of iron = = 0.0900 mol (1)
55.8 g mol–1

[1 mark for correct formula or numerical answer for number of mole of iron.]

0.900
Number of moles of Fe2O3 = mol = 0.0450 mol (1)
2

[1 mark for correct formula or numerical answer for number of mole of Fe2O3]

Mass of Fe2O3 = 0.0450 mol x 159.6 g mol–1

= 7.18 g (1)
[Correct unit required for final answer; any alternative methods that can reach correct answer, full marks]

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2. (c) No
Oxide of magnesium (a reactive metal) is very stable. Carbon cannot remove oxygen from
the oxide. / Carbon is much weaker reducing agent compared with magnesium. Max (1)
[Accept ‘Mg is a much stronger reducing agent’. Answer must mention both elements, or with a comparative statement]

2. (d) (i) ∆Hr = [(–1 676) + 2(+12.4) – (–826)] kJ (1)

= –825 kJ (1)
[1 mark for step; another 1 mark for correct numerical answer with correct unit.]

(ii) Aluminium is much more expensive than charcoal. (1)

[The answer must compare Al with carbon. Accept ‘Al release much more heat / energy / more explosive /

flammable than carbon’.]

3. (a) Pipette (1)

(b)

Max (2)
[1 mark for diagram of burette and conical flask; another 1 mark for names of glassware]

(c) From red to orange (1)

[If ‘red’ is absent in the answer, 0 mark]

(d) Number of moles of NaOH in 11.75 cm3 solution = 0.0800 mol dm–3 x 11.75 cm3 (1)
[1 mark for using formula of concentration; accept no unit]

number of moles of excess HCl in conical flask = 9.40 x 10–4 mol (1)
[Accept no unit; any alternative methods that can reach correct answer, full marks]

(e) Number of moles of HCl added in Step 2 = 0.160 mol dm–3 x 10.0 cm3
Number of moles of HCl reacted with CaCO3 in toothpaste = (1.60 x 10–3 – 9.40 x 10–4) mol
= 6.60 x 10–4 mol (1)
Number of moles of CaCO3 in toothpaste = 3.30 x 10–4 mol
[1 mark for calculation of number of moles of HCl reacted with CaCO3 or number of moles of CaCO3 in toothpaste;

accept correct numerical value or formula; accept no unit]

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Mass of CaCO3 in toothpaste = 0.0330 g (1)

[1 mark for calculation of mass of CaCO3 in toothpaste; correct unit is required]

Percentage by mass of CaCO3 in toothpaste = 19.4% (1)

[Any alternative methods that can reach correct answer, full marks]

4. Dissolve solid sodium sulphate in water. (1)

[1 mark for ‘dissolve’.]

Mix excess sodium sulphate solution with lead(II) nitrate solution until the amount of white
precipitate stops increasing. (1)
[1 mark for the term ‘excess’, or signs of excess of any one of the reagents.]

Filter the mixture to obtain solid lead(II) sulphate. Wash it with distilled water and dry it using
filter papers. (1)
[1 mark for filtration, obtaining solid, wash and dry.]

Communication mark
Mark(s) for chemical knowledge Communication mark to be awarded accordingly
0 to 1 0
1 mark is awarded for answers with easily understandable
2 to 3
complete sentences; otherwise 0 mark.

5. (a) To expose a larger surface area of graphite so as to act as electrodes for electron flow. (1)
(b) Potassium ion, iodide ion, hydrogen ion, hydroxide ion (1)
(c) A brown colour is observed. (1)
The concentration of iodide ions in the solution is much greater than that of hydroxide
ions. Thus, iodide ions are preferentially discharged to give iodine. (1)
–
[Accept ‘O2 is a stronger oxidizing agent than I2’, or ‘I is a stronger reducing agent than H2O’.]

(d) A blue colour is observed. (1)

A hydrogen ion is a stronger oxidizing agent than a potassium ion. Thus, hydrogen ions are
preferentially discharged. (1)
[Accept ‘K is a stronger reducing agent than H2’.]

Water dissociates continuously to replace the hydrogen ions discharged. Thus, there is a
build-up of hydroxide ions. (1)
–
[Accept ionic equation for explaining the formation of H2 and OH , or any reasonable explanation of production of
–
OH ]

6. (a) Substitution reaction (1)

(b) Ultraviolet light/ heat/ radical initiator (1)
(c) Any one of the following:
 The F atom does not have a stable noble gas electronic arrangement.
 The F atom does not have a stable octet electronic arrangement. Max (1)

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6. (d)

(1)

(1)

(e) The reaction gives a mixture of products (CH2F2, CHF3, etc.) (1)
[CH2F2, CHF3 or CF4 must be included in the answer.]

7. (a) (i) 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g)  8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l) (1)

[Balanced; in simplest ratio; ignore state symbols]

(ii) Covalent bond(s) broken: C–C, C–H and O=O (1)

Covalent bond(s) formed: C=O and H–O (1)
(iii) The energy required to break the bonds in the reactants is less than the energy
released from forming new bonds in the products. (1)
(b) (i) CnH2n+2 (1)
(ii) The number of electrons in one molecule increases from methane to butane. (1)
[Accept ‘molecular size’ and ‘number of electrons’; ‘molecular mass’ is not accepted.]

Hence the strength of van der Waals’ forces between molecules also increases from
methane to butane. (1)
(iii) Molecule of butane is longer and somewhat spreadout whereas that of
methylpropane is more spherical and compact. (1)
[Answer must be a comparative statement]

The shape of molecule of butane allows greater contact with neighbouring

molecules. (1)
[Accept ‘ butane molecule has a larger surface area of molecule’ ]

The van der Waals’ forces in butane are thus stronger than that in methylpropane. (1)

8. (a) Addition polymerization is a reaction in which monomer molecules join together

repeatedly to form polymer molecules. No atoms are lost from the monomer molecules
during the reaction. (1)
[Description of polymerization, and description of addition or description of not condensation are required.]

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8. (b) Polythene is a mixture of polymeric molecules of different chain lengths. (1)

[Accept ‘repeating unit / n with random integers’, ‘a wide range of molecular mass’, etc]

(c) Polypropene is a hydrocarbon with strong C–C bond and C–H bonds. (1)
(d) Any one of the following:
 Electrical insulator
 Flexible
 Not prone to stress fractures
 Abrasion resistant
 Waterproof Max (1)
(e) But-2-ene (1)
[Accept cis- and/or trans isomers.]

9. (a) Number of moles of Zn = 0.0153 mol

Number of moles of HCl = 0.100 mol (1)
Thus, Zn is the limiting reactant. (1)
[1 mark for ‘Zn limiting’ or ‘HCl / H+ excess’; another 1 mark for calculation of number of mole of reagents or other

reasoning]

Volume of H2 evolved = 367 cm3 or 0.367 dm3 (1)

[Correct unit required for final answer; any alternative methods that can reach correct answer, full marks]

(b) The rate of the reaction increases with temperature. / At higher temperature, there are
more effective collisions between reactant particles in a unit volume per unit time. (1)
At a higher temperature, the reactant particles have more kinetic energy and collide more
often. (1)
At a higher temperature, a larger fraction of the reactant particles have kinetic energy
equal to or greater than the activation energy. (1)
Communication mark
Mark(s) for chemical knowledge Communication mark to be awarded accordingly
0 to 1 0
1 mark is awarded for answers with easily understandable
2 to 3
complete sentences; otherwise 0 mark.

10. (a) (i) Qc = 8.89 (1)

[1 mark for correct numerical answer WITHOUT unit; deduct mark for any units]

(ii) As Qc > Kc, [CH3OH(g)] must increase while [CH3OCH3(g)] and [H2O(g)] must decrease
until Qc = Kc. (1)
A net backward reaction occurs, i.e. the backward reaction rate is greater than the
forward reaction rate. (1)
[Any reasons that can explain backward rate > forward rate are accepted]

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10. (b) (i) Let x be the number of mole of CH3OCH3(g) consumed when the system attains
equilibrium.
CH3OH(g) CH3OCH3(g) H2O(g)
1.50 + 2𝑥 4.00 – 𝑥 5.00 – 𝑥
Equilibrium concentration (mol dm–3) (1)
10.0 10.0 10.0

[1 mark for any clear assumption and correct calculation of equilibrium concentration]

[For example, accept y to be decrease in [CH3OCH3], and concentrations of the three substances to be (0.15 + 2y),

(0.400 – y) and (0.5 – y) respectively.]

4.00 – 𝑥 5.00 – 𝑥
(
10.0
)( 10.0 )
5.76 = 1.50 + 2𝑥 2
(1)
(
10.0
)

[1 mark correct expression of Kc with correct concentrations]

Equilibrium concentration of CH3OCH3(g) = 0.385 mol dm–3 (1)

[Correct unit required for final answer; any alternative methods that can reach correct answer, full marks]

11. (a) Compounds with the same molecular formula but differs in the order in which atoms are
linked. (1)
[Accept alternative answers, e.g. ‘the same number of atoms of each element in the molecule’ as ‘same molecular

formula’.]

(b) (i) Enantiomerism (1)

(ii)

(1)
(iii) Both stereoisomers show optical rotation. One of them rotates the plane of
polarization of a beam of plane-polarized light clockwise while the other
anticlockwise. (1)
[Accept ‘opposite directions’, ‘different directions’; deduct mark for ‘rotate differently’.]

(c) (i) CH3CH2COCH2CH3 (1)

(ii) Concentrated sulphuric acid, heat OR Concentrated phosphoric acid, heat (1)
(iii)

(1)
Cis-trans isomerism (1)
[1 mark for correct dehydration product CH3CH=CHCH2CH3; another 1 mark for correct bond angle (120 degrees)

and correct spelling of ‘cis’, ‘trans’ or ‘geometrical isomers’]

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12.

a: K2Cr2O7(aq) / H+(aq), heat (1)

b:

(1)
c: concentrated sulphuric acid, heat (1)

13. (a) Increase in oxidation number of the Period 3 element / Increase in the number of moles
of oxygen atoms combining with one mole of atoms of Period 3 element (1)
[Accept ‘increase in oxygen content / percentage by mass of O atoms’]

(b) SiO2 (1)

(c) (i) Amphoteric compound can act as both an acid and a base. (1)
(ii) Al2O3(s) + 3H2SO4(aq)  Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2O(l) /
Al2O3(s) + 6H+(aq)  2Al3+(aq) + 3H2O(l) (1)
Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H2O(l)  2NaAl(OH)4(aq) /
Al2O3(s) + 2OH–(aq) + 3H2O(l)  2[Al(OH)4]–(aq) (1)

Paper 2

Section A Industrial Chemistry

1. (a) (i) The absorbance of the sample is proportional to the concentration of iodine in the
sample, thus it can be deduced that the concentration of iodine decreases linearly
with time.
/ the rate of the reaction is independent of the concentration of iodine. (1)
[Accept ‘decrease in [I2] per unit time is constant in the whole period of reaction / independent of [I2]’, or any

other deduction from the graph that can prove the reaction is 0th order.]

Thus, the order of reaction with respect to iodine is 0. (1)

(ii) Determine the time (t) when the absorbance reading becomes zero / near to zero. (1)
[Accept ‘Measure the time required for [I2] to decrease to a fraction (e.g. 95% / 90% / 80%) of initial

concentration.]

1. (a) (iii) To keep the total volume of each sample constant. Thus, the concentration of each
reagent in the sample is directly proportional to the volume of the reagent used. (1)
[The answer must consist of two parts: ‘Total volume the same for all samples’ and ‘initial concentration of

each substance in sample  volume of reagent added to the sample’.]

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(iv) rate = k [I2(aq)]0 [CH3COCH3(aq)] [HCl(aq)]x

1
= k (0.5)0 (0.8) (0.8)x
184

1
= k (0.5)0 (1.2) (1.6)x (1)
61

[Accept ‘Keep [I2] the same, [CH3COCH3] becomes 1.5 times, [HCl] doubles, then rate triples’; [I2], [CH3COCH3] and

[HCl] must be present; accept [H+]]

x=1 (1)
[Answer should shows the meaning of x as rate order or the index of [HCl].]

(b) (i) Methanol is a one-carbon compound. It acts as a starting material to make carbon
compounds with greater number of carbon atoms. (1)
(ii) Any two of the following
 Catalyst: Cu / ZnO / Al2O3
 Temperature: 300 °C
 Pressure: 50 – 100 atm Max (2)
(iii) Add a heat exchanger for heat exchange between the hot gas mixture leaving the
reactor and the incoming CO(g) and H2(g). (1)
[Answer should include the name of device, ‘heat exchanger’, or the function of the device such as ‘use hot

reaction mixture to heat the incoming reactants’ or ‘cool down the reaction mixture by the cold incoming

reactants.]

(iv) The unreacted gases are recycled. (1)

[Accept alternative answers such as ‘unreacted gases are separated and then reused as reactants again /

transfer to reactor again’.]

(v) (1) The pressure should be low.

Low pressure favours the reaction that produces a greater number of moles of
gas, i.e. the forward reaction. / Upon a pressure decrease, the system
undergoes a net forward reaction so as to increase the number of moles of gas.
(1)
[Accept ‘High pressure favours the reaction that produces a smaller number of moles of gas, i.e. backward

reaction’ as explanation.]

(2) The temperature should be low.

Low temperature favours the exothermic forward reaction. / Upon a
temperature decrease, the system undergoes a net forward reaction so as to
release heat. (1)
[Accept ‘High temperature favours the endothermic backward reaction’ as explanation.]

1. (b) (vi) The calculation of atom economy is based on a 100% completed reaction. (1)
Most reactions do not go to completion and the yield is related to the extent of
reaction. (1)
[Accept alternative answers; one mark for the basis of ‘atom economy calculations’ and one mark for the

difference related to the basis of percentage yield calculations.]

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(c) (i) Atom economy = 25.4% (1)

(ii) (1) x – Reaction coordinate
y – Potential energy (1)
(2)

(1)

(iii) Method 2 is greener.

Method 2 has a higher atom economy / produces less waste. (1)
Method 1 uses toxic chlorine, but Method 2 does not. (1)
[Answer must be a comparative statement.]

Section B Materials Chemistry

2. (a) (i) (1)

(1)
(2) Any one of the following:
 Cellulose is obtained from renewable resources.
 Cellulose is biodegradable / can be hydrolysed and does NOT produce toxic
substances. Max (1)
(ii) Nanoparticles of zinc oxide are smaller than the wavelength of visible light. They do
not reflect the visible light. (1)
(b) (i) propenoic acid (1)

2. (b) (ii)

(1)

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(iii) The water absorbing property of the polymer increases with the proportion of
sodium salt in the monomer mixture. (1)
There are more ionic side-chains. (1)
(iv) (1) C(CH2OH)4 (1)
(2) Condensation (1)
(3) Property: becomes harder / more rigid / less flexible / stronger / higher melting
point (1)
Reason: the chains are more strongly held together. (1)
(c) (i) Carbon / nickel (1)
(ii) To make iron corrosion resistant. (1)
(iii) (1) Body-centred cubic structure (1)
1
(2) Number of atoms per cell = 1 + (8 x ) (1)
8

=2 (1)
(3) Edge length of unit cell of chromium = 2.96 x 10–8 cm
Volume of one unit cell of chromium = (2.96 x 10–8 cm)3 = 2.59 x 10–23 cm3
52.0 g mol–1
Mass of one chromium atom = = 8.64 x 10–23 g
6.02 × 1023 mol–1

Mass of chromium atoms in one unit cell = 2 x 8.64 x 10 –23 g

2 × 8.64 × 10–23 g
Density of solid chromium = (1)
2.59 × 10–23 cm3

[1 mark for calculation of mass of one mole or one unit cell and volume of one mole or one unit cell;

accept correct numerical values without unit]

= 6.67 g cm–3 (1)

[Correct unit required for final answer; any alternative methods that can reach correct answer, full marks]

(d) Method 2 is greener.

Method 1 uses a carcinogenic / toxic feedstock, benzene, while Method 2 uses a safer
feedstock, butane. (1)
The atom economy of Method 2 is higher than that of Method 1. (1)
[Answer must be a comparative statement]

Section C Analytical Chemistry

3. (a) (i) Use starch solution as an indicator. (1)

Run I2(aq) into the colourless solution in the conical flask until the first appearance of
a persistent blue colour. (1)
(ii) Number of moles of I2 in 19.80 cm3 solution = 0.0288 mol dm–3 x 19.80 cm3 (1)
–4
= 5.70 x 10 mol
[1 mark for only expression or numerical value for number of moles of I2; any alternative methods that can reach
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this answer, total 1 mark]

number of moles of ascorbic acid in 25.0 cm3 grapefruit juice = 5.70 x 10–4 mol (1)
[Any alternative methods that can reach this answer, total 2 marks]

Concentration of ascorbic acid in grapefruit juice = 0.0228 mol dm–3 (1)

[Any alternative methods that can reach this answer, total 3 marks]

Concentration of ascorbic acid in grapefruit juice (in g dm–3) = = 4.01 g dm–3 (1)
[Any alternative methods that can reach this answer, total 4 marks]

(b) (i) Rf = 0.58 (1)

The amino acid found at X is methionine. (1)
(ii) The amino acid at X (1)
The amino acid at X adsorbs most strongly to the stationary phase. (1)
(c) (i) Absence of absorption corresponding to C=O bond at 1 680 – 1 800 cm–1. (1)
(ii) Add dilute hydrochloric acid / sulphuric acid to convert sodium benzoate to benzoic
acid. (1)
(iii) Dissolve the crude benzoic acid in minimum amount of hot water. (1)
[Accept ‘Add hot water and shake, until just enough to dissolve all solid’]

Filter the mixture while hot. (1)

[Accept ‘Filter as fast as possible, to minimize heat loss’]

Allow the filtrate to cool and collect the crystals by filtration. (1)
[Accept ‘Filter, collect liquid. Then, cool it down to crystalize. Collect crystals.’]

Wash the crystals with ice-cold water and dry. (1)

(iv) Mix each compound with aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate / sodium
carbonate. (1)
Only benzoic acid gives effervescence. Methyl benzoate gives no observable change.
(1)
[Accept ‘C6H5COOH gives gas bubbles, but ester shows no observable change’.]

(v) Any one of the following:

 m/e = 105
C6H5CO+
[Notation of phenyl group such as ‘Ph-’, ‘C6H5-’ is required; ‘C7H5O+’ is NOT accepted]

 m/e = 77
C6H5+ Max (2)

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