Web Programming
Muhammad Saifullah
Objective
History
Internet Protocol
Client-Server Model
Where is Internet ?
Domain Name System
Uniform Resource Locators (URL)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Why Web Technology ?
In very short period of time, it has caused major
changes in information technology, business processes,
communications and the way many people spend their
leisure time.
To compare its growth, consider that the World Wide
Web attained 50 millions users in four years.
Ittook radio 38 years and television 13 years to reach
similar penetration.
Processing Islands in the
Enterprise
Data Processing – the core IT systems that control the
fundamental business processes in an organization.
Personal Productivity – Employees works with
information using various tools.
Collaboration – the use of communications and
GroupWare software that enables both organizations
and individuals to work in a partnership and teams.
Extending the Enterprise
Extranet
Intranet
Evolution of IT System
Architecture
Centralized Computing
Mainframe
Terminal
Controller
Dumb
Terminals
PC Networking: Moving
Towards Decentralization
Client/Server Computing
Client/Server solutions involve the following
independent layers:
Presentation Logic – how the user interacts with
application
Business Logic – Everyday functions of the business
Data Storge – Handles the storage and retrieval of data
System Architecture
Two Tier Client/Server
Database Server
RDBMS
* Business Logic
* Data Access Logic
LAN
Personal
computer
* Presentation
Logic
* Business Logic
System Architecture
Three Tier Client/Server
Application Server Database Server
Data Access
Business Logic
Logic
LAN
Personal computer
Presentation Logic
System Architecture
Multi Tier Client/Server
Application Server Database Server
Data Access
Business Logic
Logic
LAN
Personal computer
Presentation Logic
System Architecture
Web Technologies: Centralized Computing
Web Server Application Server Database Server
Presentation Data Access
Layer Business logic
(HTML) Logic (RDBMS)
LAN
Internet
Internet Intranet
Web Web
Browser Browser
(Client) (Client)
Web Technology
Fundamentals
ARPANET
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
TCP/IP Networking
Internet Protocol – It is used to route a packet of data
from node to node across the network.
Transmission Control Protocol – It is used to create a
point-to-point communication channel and ensures that
the information is delivered error free and in correct order
that it was originally transmitted.
Web Technology
Fundamentals
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Web Technology
Fundamentals
Network Addresses
Every computer that is connected to an IP network is
uniquely identified by a value, known as its IP address.
Example: 194.27.254.189
Web Technology
Fundamentals
Port Numbers – It is used to distinguish between the
individual networking applications that are running
simultaneously above the TCP/IP protocol stack.
Port Numbers for standard TCP/IP services examples:
80 – Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) …Web/WWW
21 - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) … File Transfer
Uniform Recourse Locator (URL) – All information
over the internet can be accessed, using a reference
called URL.
Web Technology
Fundamentals
Uniform Recourse Locator
<protocol> : / / <machine id> / <local name>
<protocol> : identifies the application protocol used to
retrieved the source.
<machine id> : identifies the server on which the resource is
located.
<local name> identifies the resource, and that can include a
directory structure.
Web Technology
Fundamental
The World Wide Web (WWW)
Web is not a network but an
application that operates over
network using TCP/IP protocols.
WWW is a service used world
over for information sharing
Introduced in 1990 by Tim
Berners Lee Tim Berners Lee
One of the services available
over Internet
Web Technology Fundamental
(WWW service over internet)
Comprises of a client-server architecture
Three major components
Web Server
Agent / Browser
HTTP Protocol
Early contributing organization
CERN
Current contributing organization
W3C
Web Technology Fundamental
(WWW as Service internet)
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) – protocol used to get the required
document using HTTP request and response message.
Web Technology
Fundamentals
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) – Page
description language for defining the content of hypertext
documents displayed in a format established by the Web
browser rendering scheme.
HTML files are typically suffixed with either .htm or .html.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Document title
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Document content
</BODY>
</HTML>
Internet
Internet is a global network of computers
communicating through internet over
diverse underlying infrastructure
The core enabler of internet is TCP/IP
protocol suite worked out by Robert Kahn
and Vint Cerf in 1973
Early contributing organizations: Robert Kahn
DARPA,
Stanford Research Institute
CERN
Current organizations:
IETF
ICANN
Vint Cerf
Browser
Browser function is to:
Fetch web content
Present web content
Efficient rendering
Secure communication
Support extensibility
Early browsers
WorldWideWeb
Mark Andreesen
Mosaic
Netscape Navigator
Modern browsers
Google Chrome
Microsoft Internet Explorer
WorldWideWeb browser by Tim Berners Lee developed at CERN (source : Wikipedia)
Mosaic browser by Mark Andreesen developed at UIUC (source : Wikipedia)
Netscape Navigator by Netscape Communications (source : Wikipedia)
Questions
What is world-wide web?
What is Internet?
Are www and Internet same or different?
How the web works?
What it takes to program web?
What issues warrant a web developers attention?
What difference between Web App and Desktop App ?
Questions - What issues
warrant a web developers
attention?
Understand the web architecture
Understand technologies (client and server side both) that support
efficient creation and consumption of web content for quality user
experience
Build architectures for integration of web-based applications with
other aspects of underlying business for supporting diverse functions
and allow extensibility in case of changing business needs
Address performance and scalability issues
Ensure security of communication over web
