Fertilization Plan Maralfalfa Crop – Puchaca Bajo Hamlet, Incahuasi, Ferreñafe, Lambayeque

FERTILIZATION PLAN FOR ALFALFA CROP

I. GENERALITIES

La Maralfalfa (Pennisetum sp.) is a high-quality forage that has

achieved the development of intensive livestock farming over a small area of
land. Maralfalfa is a grass with a high capacity for
production of forage with good nutritional quality and that, when treated
from a forage grass, allows for increased production per hectare
(Ramírez, 2003). This is quite important since it has been
established that the animal load is one of the factors most
determinants in the productivity of dairy systems, such
In such a way that, the greater the load capacity, the greater the profitability.
from the herd.

The Maralfalfa (Pennicetum sp) is an improved species of origin

Colombian, perennial, with extraordinary productive characteristics
and nutritional, among which stand out: Performance in green forage
from 200 to 400 t/ha. Average crude protein content of 20%
between day 40 and 110 of the cutoff. (Correa, et al. 2006).

In recent studies on the introduction of maralfalfa grass in

The feeding of dairy cattle has yielded very positive results.
promissory.

I.1. CHARACTERISTICS.
Double growth compared to other grasses in the area.
Large pastures can sometimes reach the
5 or 6 meters high.
It has a high content of carbohydrates (sugars) that make it
very appealing to animals. Palatable and sweet so that
can replace molasses.
Climate diversity, this means that the cut grass
adapt to any type of climate.
They do not tolerate prolonged puddles of water. That is to say, they cannot stand,

swampy or flooded soils.

Tolerates soil acidity.
Requires little water.
It tolerates prolonged droughts. It does not die in summer.
lack of water.

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Fertilization Plan for Maralfalfa Cultivation - Puchaca Bajo Hamlet, Incahuasi, Ferreñafe, Lambayeque

I.2. ADAPTABILITY.

It is a widely grown crop in countries with a climate

temperate. It adapts easily to clay loam to loam soils.
sandy, and in relatively dry climates, with a pH of 4.5 to 5. For
that in the plots of the Puchaca Bajo farm - Incahuasi, there will be a
promising crop, in addition to the encouraging empirical results
what is held by the farmers and livestock breeders in the area.

I.3. PERFORMANCE
Produce between 200 and 400 tons per hectare, depending on the management, with
an average height per cane of 2.50 m. The cuts must be made
when the plant reaches approximately 1 meter.

I.4. AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS

From sea level to 3,000 meters above sea level. It adapts well to soils
with medium to high fertility. Its best development is obtained in soils
with good organic matter content and good drainage.

I.5. Nutritional content

According to M.Sc. M.V. Luis Florián Lescano, (2015) presents the
next nutritional content:
79.33%
13.50%
53.33%
2.10%
Soluble carbohydrates: 12.20%
Raw proteins: 16.25%
2.60%
Football: 0.80%
0.29%
0.33%
3.38%
7.43%
Total, Digestible Nitrogen: 63.53%

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Fertilization Plan for Maralfalfa Crop – Puchaca Bajo Settlement, Incahuasi, Ferreñafe, Lambayeque

II. FERTILIZATION PLAN

A Soil Analysis was conducted for the cultivation of Maralfalfa.

(Pennisetum sp) in the Buffer Zone of the Wildlife Refuge
Silvestre de Laquipampa, "Protected Natural Area by the State" for
the development of Business Plan: "INCREASE OF THE
PRODUCTIVITY AND IMPROVEMENT OF MILK QUALITY OF THE
ASSOCIATION OF LIVESTOCK FARMERS OF
AGRICULTURAL EXPORTATION LIVESTOCK AND CONSERVATIONISTS OF
ENVIRONMENT ON THE ROAD TO THE TRIUMPH OF THE CASERÍO
"PUCHACA", resulting in the following analysis:

The maralfalfa is a forage plant that grows in different classes.

of soils, but prefers clay loam soils to loamy soils
sandy, with alkaline pH 4.5 to 5.

Therefore, the pH of 7 is slightly alkaline and at a low level of

soluble sales conform normal values for crop management
sensible and tolerant like the maralfalfa.

The natural fertility of the soil in the area has a good content of
nutrients of Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and Nitrogen (N) are found
in good proportions, due to its good organic matter quality,
being low in Calcium and Magnesium content.

It is worth highlighting that in the area of Illimo and the other towns
surroundings, according to studies conducted by the Universities of La
Molina and Universidad Pedro Ruiz Gallo-U.N.P.R.G mention that
the soils of these areas have a large amount of phosphorus, (Ing.
Tomasini, professor at U.N. La Molina and Engineer Seña Callacná
professor at U.N.P.R.G, soil fertility area), for which
the crop can absorb sufficient amounts of Phosphorus that
require

The present sandy-loam texture is of good retention

humidity.

The cultivation of maralfalfa responds very well to the application of matter.

organic and moisture without waterlogging. After each cut
It is recommended to apply per hectare: 1 sack of Urea and 1 sack of
Potassium Chloride.

II.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SEED

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Fertilization Plan for Maralfalfa Crop – Puchaca Bajo Caserio, Incahuasi, Ferreñafe, Lambayeque

The seed consists of stems (also known by the name of

runners) of the plant. These stems or runners must be
technically treated before their cut, that is to say, when
they are part of the plant.
The quality of the seeds can be improved through application
of fertilizers, prior to cutting, which helps achieve 95%
of germination of these stems or runners.

II.2. SOIL CONDITIONS

Preferably, it is planted in loose and airy soil.
this is achieved with the plowing of the soil.
Control the pH. It is very important because in soils with pH
neutral (non-acidic), plants can absorb fertilizers with
with great ease. In acidic soils, plants do not absorb effectively.
the fertilizer.

II.3. SOWING
For the planting of vegetative seed, the recommended distance is
50 cm between rows, and 2 canes parallel at a depth of 3 cm.
When they are seeds, of optimal quality, with a high index of
germination, it is only necessary to plant a single stem in each furrow,
but when they are not of good quality, it is necessary to plant 2 stems
by furrow. When they are seeds of optimal quality, you will only have to
introduce a single stem into each slot or furrow.
Amount of seed per Ha: 3,000 kilos of stems per hectare.

II.4. ESTABLISHMENT
3,000 kilos of stems per hectare, planted lying down, double cane
and a trickle no more than three (3) centimeters deep and to
fifty (50) centimeters between furrows.

II.5. SOWING BED

The optimal condition of the seedbed is one that allows

deposit the seed at the appropriate depth and in an intimate
contact with the ground, generating a development environment without
limitations. For the latter, it is required to be free of weeds, without
subsurface physical impedances, with optimal condition of
humidity, with low levels of crop residue coverage and with a surface
firm.

The fallow land must leave the soil free of the weeds that consume it.
the water and the nutrients. Furthermore, it is essential that there is no
perennial weeds, as they not only affect the establishment, but

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Fertilization Plan Maralfalfa Crop - Puchaca Bajo Hamlet, Incahuasi, Ferreñafe, Lambayeque

that their aggressiveness quickly deteriorates the pasture

implanted.

Likewise, the removal of subsurface compactions.

favors normal rooting and the exploration of a greater
volume of soil.

The condition of humidity and coverage are related to the

predecessor crop, which must complete its cycle sufficiently
early enough to allow recharging the profile with moisture, leave a
stubble as little bulky as possible and not condition the date of
sowing.

II.6. IRRIGATION
In times of the year when it rains once or twice a week, not
it needs watering after being sown. Otherwise, that is to say, in
Dry season will require irrigation for the sowing of these grasses.
The amount of water per hectare during drought is necessary.
an irrigation of 10,000 liters of water every 2 or 3 days.

II.7. FERTILIZATION

The proper fertilization of this grass is essential and

mandatory due to the presence of fast-growing pastures. On the other hand,
part, we can say that maralfalfa is very productive because
with little fertilizer, its yield is high.
These son the fertilizers recommended:

At the time of planting or after the first cut:

Phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, fertilizer whose formula is 10-20-
20.

2) After 15 days: A fertilizer should be applied that

contains all the previous elements.

3) In the following 15 days: A fertilizer should be applied with

high calcium content and must also contain nitrogen.
a. If the grass has had several cuts: it can be cut at 15
days of applying calcium, but if it is the first time that
it is sown and has never been cut, after 15 days of
apply the calcium: apply a fertilizer again
that contains all the elements.

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Fertilization Plan for Maralfalfa Crop - Puchaca Bajo Hamlet, Incahuasi, Ferreñafe, Lambayeque

4) Then as long as they are planted pastures but without

having made the first cut and not having reached more than 2.5
Metro, repeat the calcium fertilizer every 15 days thereafter.
or a fertilizer that contains all the elements.

In the soil analysis conducted by INIA- Lambayeque,

there is a calcium deficiency, so it is recommended to use 36
calcium units of FERTIPHOS PLUS, per 100 kg of
fertilizer, therefore the supply of nutrients for plants
Maralfalfa will be carried out using the following formula:

10 (P)
40P = 4 bags of FFERTIPHOS PLUS
6 S= by using FERTIPHOS PLUS (6%S) one is
adding 3 units of sulfur, it is not necessary to use
no fertilizer for this element.
18Mg= by using FERTIPHOS PLUS we are adding
magnesium is no longer necessary to use any fertilizer.

It is worth mentioning that this element needs to be complemented.

with the use of other foliar products such as Humic Acids.

NOTE: never apply urea in presentations with high

nitrogen contents, because it almost always comes very
concentrated and can cause damage to these grasses.

II.8. CONSIDERATIONS TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT FOR CULTIVATION

OF MARALFALFA

1. Plan ahead for the area of maralfalfa to be planted.

the association's floor is appropriate as it does not accumulate water during the season of

Rains are not found on sloping hillside.

2. The preparation of the soil must be as loose as possible and

deep, to promote root growth.

3. Buy the seed (stolons), fertilizer and prepare compost with

anticipation. That the seed is as fresh as possible. Do not buy
seeds that have been cut for more than 8 days.

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Fertilization Plan for Maralfalfa Crop - Puchaca Bajo Hamlet, Incahuasi, Ferreñafe, Lambayeque

4. The lifespan of the seed is 40 days, provided that

has been previously fertilized and technically. The fresher
it is the seed, the higher germination rate the seed has.

II.9. CUT
First cut, the entire crop must be left to spike, the following
cuts when the plant has 10% heading, then
make cuts every 40 days.

II.10. CORRECTION OF DEFICITS

The objective of the fertilizer supplement is to address deficiencies in

soil in those nutrients that affect the normal development of
cultivation. That is to say, the aim is to achieve greater productivity and quality
forage, longer utilization time, greater persistency and
greater initial growth and rebound speed.

At the same time, soil acidity must be corrected through the

scooped. In this sense, various sources can be used, such as
the calcium carbonates, dolomite, calcite, etc.
practice generates better implementation and persistence of the
maralfalfa allows for greater nitrogen fixation activity.

II.11. WEED CONTROL

As we explained earlier, this grass only grows weeds.
in the period after sowing, then in the cuts
afterwards, it does not produce weeds. Due to the height of these grasses,
easily combats weeds on its own.

II.12. NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A CROP OF

MARALFALFA IN PRODUCTION

As already mentioned, the most important component in costs of

production of a sea alfalfa crop established is fertilization
annual. She must consider phosphated fertilization first.
Given the high extraction of this element by this forage.

In the same way, plants extract potassium in large quantities, and

especially in the case of Maralfalfa dedicated to harvest of
forage, it is necessary to return to the soil in the form of fertilizer for
ensure a sustained production.

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Fertilization Plan for Maralfalfa Cultivation - Puchaca Bajo Village, Incahuasi, Ferreñafe, Lambayeque

Third is sulfur, which although the amounts extracted

They are not very high, a response has been detected in tests.
conducted in areas with characteristics similar to those of the Caserío
Low puchaca.