API 12F

SPECIFICATION FOR WELDED TANKS WITH AUTOGENOUS FOR

STORAGE OF PRODUCTION LIQUIDS.

1 Scope
1.1 GENERAL
a. This specification covers materials, design, manufacturing, and testing requirements for the workshop
vertical manufacturing, Drical cylinders, on the ground, top dosing, tanks of
storage of welded steel in various sizes and standard capacities for pressures
internal, approximately atmospheric, that does not exceed those listed in Column 2, Table 1.
This specification is designed to provide the industrial production of oil with
safety tanks of a reasonable cost for use in the storage of crude oil and
others liquids commonly manipulated y stored for the
industry. This specification is for the transportation to be agreed upon between buyers and manufacturers.
orders and manufacturing of tanks.

1.2 COMPLIANCE
The manufacturer is responsible for meeting all specified requirements. The buyer
You can conduct any necessary research to satisfy yourself in accordance with the manufacturer.
and may reject any material that does not meet this specification. It is urged that the
buyer has the right to conduct their own inspection, regardless of any
supervision inspection provided by the manufacturer, and that the buyer's inspector follows below
close up the manufacturing details of the store and/or field construction and testing here
specified that affect the integrity and safety of the finished structure.

2 Material

2.1 GENERAL
The materials listed in this section have been selected to provide a
adequate resistance and a reasonable service life. Other materials that have mechanical properties
equal to or greater than those listed can be used by agreement between the buyer and the
manufacturer. Where higher strength material is used, the minimum required thicknesses are applied in
this document's specification will not be reduced.

2.2 Chip

a. The plates are adjusted to the latest edition of the book.

ASTM Standards *:
A 36 Structural steel
A 283 low and medium tensile strength carbon steel, structural steel grade plates
C or D
A 285 Low and medium tensile strength carbon steel with steel plates for containers
at pressure degree C

b. The required thicknesses for each sheet have been set for practical reasons (more than what
required by computing) and that do not fail the computations required by more than 0.01
inch thick, as well as all the ceilings and floor of the tank, can be purchased on a base of
weight. The plate
The thicknesses or weights, as stipulated in this document, are minimum;
Thicker or heavier material can be requested in the order according to requirements of the
buyer.

2.3 Lamina
The sheets will comply with the latest revision of ASTM A 570, grade C or D, welding process.
with gas or oxygen. The sheets can be requested based on weight or thickness of the choice of the
tank manufacturer.

2.4 WELDING ELECTRODES

Manual arc welding electrodes that comply with the E 60 and E 70 standards (suitable for
the current characteristics, the welding position, and others
Terms of use provided in the latest edition of AWS
A 51 Specifications for mild steel welding electrodes

2.5 STRUCTURAL FORMS

The structural forms will be of open hearth, electric furnace, or basic oxygen process and will
it will be adjusted to the latest edition of ASTM A 36.

2.6 PIPE
The pipe will conform to grade A or B of the latest edition of API 5L; ASTM A 53; or ASTM A-106.

2.7 FLANGES
The sliding flanges of the welding cups and welding necks
According to the material requirements for forged carbon steel.
Flanges as specified in ANSI B 16.5.

2.8 COUPLINGS
The couplings for threaded connections can be supplied with or without suspension.
complying with the dimensional, physical, and chemical requirements of the latest edition of API 5L, grade
B. Alternatively, the couplings may comply with the latest edition of ANSI B
16.11 t for pipe fittings in steel
2.9 BOLTS
1/2 inch diameter bolt tank up to and including 1.5 inches in length.
will adjust to the requirements indicated in Annex A. All other screws must comply with the
latest revision of ASTM A-307, grade A or B. Unless otherwise specified in the
specified in the purchase order, screws and nuts with black finish will be installed. When
It should be specified for galvanization, screws and nuts must be coated with zinc.
agreement with Annex A or the applicable ASTM specification. Alternative materials and/or finishes
in accordance with recognized standards for bolts can be supplied by agreement between the
buyer and the manufacturer.

3 design

3.1 GENERAL
The tanks covered by this specification have been designed using engineering calculations.
established to determine minimum thicknesses of steel sheet and specifications for bolts
for each tank size with water (62.37 lb / cu.ft @ 60F) and at the specified internal pressure
in column 2 of table 1. To ensure structural stability and integrity, it has been added
to the thickness of the metal more than was determined by calculation. The minimum thickness of metal
specified in this standard will in no case be reduced.

DESIGN OF THE MEETING

3.2 DEFINITIONS
The following definitions will apply to tank joint designs.

3.2.1 butt joint with double welding:

A union between two adjacent parts that are approximately in the same plane and
Soldiered on both sides. A joint with finer metal added on one side is considered
equivalent to a double butt weld when the means are provided to comply
a good penetration and reinforcement on both sides of the joint.

3.2.2 double welded phase joint:

a meeting between two overlapping members where the overlapping edges of both are
they are called fillet welds.

3.2.3 butt welding:

A weld placed in a groove between the pillars; the grooves can be square or V (simple)
or double) or U (single or double).

3.2.4 fillet welding:

A roughly triangular cross-sectional weld that joins two surfaces.
approximately at the correct angle to each other, as in a turn joint, a joint in
To a corner meeting.

3.2.5 full fillet welding:

A fillet weld whose size is equal to
The thickness of the thinnest piece joined.

3.2.6 spot welding:

A weld made to hold parts of a compartment in proper alignment until it
perform the final welds.

3.3 WELDING SIZE

The size of a weld is based on the following dimensions:
a. Groove welding. Joint penetration (groove depth) plus the penetration of the
root when specified.
b. Welded leg. For welds of equal leg flanges, the length of the leg of the
largest isosceles right triangle that can be inscribed within the cross-section
of fillet welding. For fillets of uneven leg, equalize the lengths of the triangle's legs.
the largest rectangle that can be inscribed within the welding section
crusade.

3.4 JOINT RESTRICTIONS

The following type and size restrictions for joints or welds will apply.
a. Spot welds will not be considered with sufficient strength in the structure.
finished.
b. The minimum size of the fillet welds shall be as follows:
3/16 inch thick plate, full fillet weld ~ plates thicker than 3/16 inch, no
less than one third of the thickness of the thinner in the plate joint, with a minimum of 3/16
c. Welded joints should not be permissible in tank deposits, side plates, floors
or covers.

SIZE 3.5
The tanks under this specification must be supplied in the sizes and dimensions
stipulated in Table 1, columns 1 to 7, and Fig. I, as specified in the order of
purchase.

LOWER DESIGN

3.6 TYPE
The bottom of the tank must be flat, either type A (without inclination) or type B cone design.
(inclined), as specified in the purchase order Type A and type B cone funds must
match with Fig. 2 and 3 respectively.

3.7 THICKNESS
The thickness of the lower parts must be ¼ in (10.20 lb. /cu ft) nominal, except for the sink.
from type A cone. The bottom part of a cone must be 3/8 in (15.30 lb. per square foot)
nominal.

3.8 JOINTS IN BOTTOM PLATES

The butt joints must be double bevel joints with complete penetration.

3.9 HELMET ACCESSORIES

The bottom of the tank must be connected to the tank casing, if the bottom is flanged, by
a full penetration double weld joint or if it is not bridged it must be welded
with double fillet on both sides
Housing design

3.10 THICKNESS

The thickness of the plates must be 3/16 in. (7.65 lb. per square foot) nominal, or ¼ in (10.2 lb. per
square pie. nominal, as specified in the purchase order. The width of the casing plates.
It will be determined by the manufacturer, but preferably it should not be less than 60 in.

3.11 HOUSING GASKETS

The shell plate joints must be butt welded with double weld.
Full penetration.

Cover Design

3.12 TYPE
The roof must be self-supporting, cone-shaped, with a slope of 1 in 12 in.

3.13 THICKNESS
The thickness of the cover plates will be the same as the thickness of the housing plates, except
that is 15 feet 6 inches in diameter
In the ether tanks, the cover must be 1/4 in. nominal unless supports are added.
structural beams.

3.14 COVER JOINTS

The joints of the cover plate must be butt joints with double penetration welds.
complete.
3.15 ATTACHED TODO
The tank cover must be attached to the tank casing, if the cover is flanged.
for a welded butt joint ~ with complete penetration, or by a welded lap joint
and fillet welds; or, if the cover is not bridged, by full fillet welds, both
inside as well as outside of it

OPENING DESIGNS

3.16 CLEANOUT
The tanks must be equipped with a 24-inch x 36-inch extended neck system.
without head, located as shown in Fig. 1 and according to Fig. 4. The cover plates of
cleaning must be one piece unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, it will be
of construction of two pieces with a horizontal turn seam having a row of ½
In. screws in 2-in. centered with appropriate gaskets and bolt retainers. If the construction of
two pieces is specific the upper inspection has a clear opening of approximately 14
inches by 24 inches, unless otherwise specified. When specified in the
purchase order, the handles to lift the c1 must be supplied with the data.

3.17 CONNECTIONS
The tanks may be equipped with inlet and outlet connections, as shown in the Table.
1, Columns 9 and 10, and Fig. 1. Unless otherwise specified by the buyer, the
Connections must be full couplings and will be joined to the tank member by welds.
of complete fillet both on internal and external surfaces, with equal projections inside and
outside the tank, except for half; couplings can be used for the Cl, C-4 connections,
C-5 and C-6, at the manufacturer's discretion. Additional or fewer connections can be provided.
other sizes or locations, if agreed upon between the buyer and the manufacturer. When flanges
and other types of connections are specified, the neck nozzle must be at least the weight
standard of the tube and tied by full fillet welds, both inside and outside. The pattern
The hinge for the hatch must be adjusted according to Fig. 1.

3.18 ANTI-CHANNEL DRAIN ARM

An anti-channel drainage deflector will be supplied if the following requirements are met.
specify in the following order
a. The perimeter of the deflector, in plan view, must be 64 inches.
b. The height of the deflector from the inner surface of the bottom of the tank to the top
The deflector must be at least 4 inches for 90-bbl tanks, and 5/4 inches minimum for others.
sizes.
c. The deflector must be equipped with spacers so that the
The edge of the deflector's bottom is 1 inch above the bottom of the tank.
A drainage line must be provided from the deflector to the tank.
shell. The line size should be 3 inches nominal for 90-bbl tanks.
and 4 inches nominal for other sizes.
The deflector will be attached to the bottom of the tank with a J bolt.
passing through an eye retainer welded to the bottom of the tank,
and for the connection of the line to the tank casing. The deflector should not be welded to the bottom.
from the tank.
3.19 DOWNCOMER TUBE
A downcomer will be installed if requested by the buyer; downcomer design to be by
agreement between buyer and manufacturer

4 ventilation requirements

4.1 NORMAL VENTILATION

The Cl and C-3 connections are provided for breathing and sprouts due to changes in
temperature and the movement of the liquid inside and outside the tank. These connections must be
equipped with properly functioning pressure-vacuum valves.
sized according to API 2000 standard. The adjustment pressure should be 2 to 4 ounces /
square inch unless the opening pressure of the devices used for the
emergency ventilation. Annex B is provided as a guide to assist in the selection
of ventilation devices, when necessary

Emergency ventilation
When flammable liquid storage tanks are stored, they are exposed to
to catch fire, the ventilation rate may be higher than that result from a combination
of thermal effects and oil movement. Unless the tanks are installed in
remote locations, the buyer must provide, or have provided, devices
of pressure recovery that will provide capacity in addition to normal ventilation for
comply with the requirements listed in the Table
5 Manufacturing, Testing, and Painting

5.1 MANUFACTURE
Manufacturing will be completed at the manufacturer's shop in accordance with best practices.
modern
5.2 WELDING
The established welding procedures and operations. Qualified operators by the
manufacturer. Welder qualification according to the applicable parts of the latest editions
from Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

5.3 TESTS
The tanks must be tested at the manufacturer's shop by the following method:
a. Support the bottom by securely fastening the external reinforcement if necessary to
eliminate permanent deformation during the test
b. Close all openings with plugs or covers as necessary. Screws and joints of
The required size and type for the final installation must be used during the testing.
c. The tank will be tested with air at 1 1/2 times the maximum design pressure of the tank. (See 3.1).
CAUTION: When performing tests with air, use appropriate valves, they must be used
pressure relief devices to prevent overpressure or permanent deformation.
For leak detection, apply soap foam, linseed oil or other suitable material.
for all coverings, floor, ceiling, and accessories. Carefully examine to detect
leaks.
e. The defects found in the welds will be repaired due to leak testing by the manufacturer, and
the reexamined tank.
F. After releasing the air pressure, the stiffness of the bottom, if used,
The cracks will be removed and repaired.

5.4 EXTERNAL PAINTING

Before shipping, the tanks must be cleaned of rust, grease, scale, and welding spatter.
and coated with a good grade of commercial metal primer, unless specified by
the buyer. Finishes of coats or other protective coatings will be applied if agreed upon
between the buyer and the manufacturer.

5.5 INTERNAL COATING

Where internal coating is required, procedures and methods described in
the NACE2 standard RP-03-72. The cleaning of tar footprints Recommended as
minimum requirement. Other coatings and methods may be used by agreement between the
buyer and manufacturer.

6 brands

6.1 Tanks manufactured in accordance with this specification will be identified with a plate of
characteristics that the information shown in figure 5 must have.
6.2 The identification plate must be stamped, engraved, or embossed in material.
corrosion-resistant and permanently bonded to a support or backing plate made of material
ferrous. Alternatively, the information on the identification plate may be stamped
on a steel plate. The support, the supporting plate, or the identification plate must be
sealed. soldier to the tank hull at the location shown in Fig. 1.

7 Inspection and rejection

7.1 INSPECTION NOTICE

When the inspector representing the buyer wishes to inspect the purchased tanks or
witness the specified tests, timely notice will be given of the moment to do a
inspection.

7.2 INSPECTION
The inspector representing the buyer shall have free access at all times while working on
the buyer's contract is being executed, apart from the manufacturer's works which will refer to
the manufacturing and the material ordered.
The manufacturer must pay, at no charge, a reasonable installation price to satisfy the
inspector that the material is being manufactured according to this specification. Everything within
The specifications must be made at the manufacturing site before shipping, unless
specify the opposite in the purchase order; and they must be conducted in such a way that not
unnecessarily interfere with the manufacturer's operations.

7.3 REJECTION
Material that shows harmful defects during the initial inspection or after acceptance in
the works of the manufacturer, or that becomes defective when applied correctly in service, Can
be rejected, and the manufacturer thus notified. If the test requires the destruction of material, it
manufacturing is done in other places, the buyer must pay for the material
complying with all the provisions of this specification, but will not pay for any material that
does not comply with the established specifications

Appendix A

SPECIFICATION FOR THE RANKING LOSS

A.1 scope
The appendix covers the tank that screws in with a diameter of 1/2 inch and a length of 1 ½ inches. Screws
and nuts must be finished in black or galvanized, as specified in the purchase order.

A.2 Physical properties

The breaking load of the bolts, tested at full size, must not be less than 11,350 lb.
Note: The breaking load of 11,350 lb. is equivalent to a tensile strength of
80,000 lb. per square inch based on the tensile area (average thread area) or
approximately
91,000 lb. per square inch. based on the root thread area.

A.3 Stress Test

Tension tests of the screws will be carried out on the finished screw with the load.
applied between the head and a nut or a suitable accessory, either of which will have
sufficient thread engagement develops the strength of the bolt. The nut or assembly will be assembled in
the bolt leaving at least three exposed threaded screws in the handle. If the failure occurs
the threads fray before reaching the minimum required tension loading time, The test
individual must be discarded.

A.4 Peel Test

The nuts for bolts must be able to develop the load specified in torque A.2 without
dismantle.

Head test
During the specified stress test in A.39, a failure will occur in the threaded section and not
at the union of the head and shaft.

A.6 Number of tests

The requirements of these specifications are those that are met in continuous stock production.
during which the manufacturer has conducted sample inspections to normally ensure that
the material is controlled within the specified limits. For this reason, additional tests
For the individual manufacturer, visual shipments of material are not contemplated. If specified in
the order, a stress test will be performed on each batch. The batch must consist of 5000 pieces of
fraction of the same.

A.7 Repetitions
If the sample from the batch does not meet the requirements of a specific test, two samples
additional ones must be tested in which case, both samples must pass the test.

A8
The threads of the non-laminated product can be thick thread as specified for the threads of
screw (ANSI B 1.1 of the latest number) having a class 2A tolerance for bolts and
Class 2B tolerance for nuts. Galvanized bolts must have Class 2A threads.
before hot dipping or mechanical galvanization. After galvanizing, the limit
maximum step and larger diameter may exceed
the Class 2A limit by 0.021 inches.
A.9
The screws will be regular square, unless otherwise agreed between the buyer and
the manufacturer, in the case of regular hexagons. A screw must comply with the section
applicable from the latest edition of ANSI B 18.2.1.
Square and hexagonal bolts and screws.

A.10
The nuts will be regular square, unless otherwise agreed between the buyer and the
manufacturer, in which case they can be regular hexagons. All nuts must comply with
the Flexible Section of the latest edition of ANSI B 18.2.2.
Square and hexagonal nuts.

A.11 Galvanized
Unless otherwise specified, galvanized screws and nuts must be
hot-dip galvanized in accordance with the requirements of specification A 153. The weight of the
coating will be specified for Class C materials in Specification A 153 and
the nuts must be threaded after galvanization. When specified by the
buyer will be mechanically galvanized, bolts and nuts zinc-coated, and the
coating in accordance with the requirements for Class 50 of Specification B 454 or to the thickness of
coating, adherence, and quality requirements for class C of specification A 153.
Mechanically, the zinc-coated nuts for assembly with mechanical coating of
five the bolts must be large threaded before coating and it is not necessary to be
rescued again afterwards.

A.12 Marked
The heads of the bolts must be marked (by a raised or depressed mark) at choice.
from the manufacturer) to identify the manufacturer. The manufacturer may use additional marking for their
own use

Annex B

VENTILATION RECOMMENDATIONS
 ANNEX C
CAPACITY RECOMMENDATIONS
 ANNEX D
STAIRS

General
0.1
Walkways and stairs furnished according to this specification must be built from
prefabricated components designated to be installed in the field alongside tanks or structures
similar, all material must comply with the applicable parts of section 2.

0.2
It is worth noting that the hallways, platforms, and stairs or staircases are intended to provide
access to devices on or near the deck, easily accessible from the stairs or platform, and not
for employee departures in the cover itself. Where in
Individuals must have access to the deck, and protective railings must be installed.
to prevent them from falling.

Walkways

0.3
The walkway will consist of sections of the tread (boarding), railing assemblies, and
tip tables designed and assembled in such a way that
The complete structure will support a uniform load of 50 lb. per square foot, or a load
concentrated at 1,000 lb anywhere in the period without deviating more than 1/360 of the length of
incompatible segment. The maximum interval between the tank
The ground supports or supports must be 25 feet. Where intermediate supports are required,
The vertical members should lean on the upper railing. The base for ground supports.
It must be made of concrete or another suitable permanent foundation.

0.4 Footpath
It must be at least 26 inches wide. The footprint will be evenly drilled from the bottom.
with punch shapes to form a non-slip surface. Optionally, upon request from the
buyer, the cover of the track sections can be made of expanded metal
structural or grid to prevent the accumulation of snow or ice.

0.5 railings
The railings will consist of posts, horizontal braces, rods, reinforcement plates, and boards.
rail, middle rail and upper rail. The handrails must be assembled so that the upper rail is
42 inches above the track. The completed structure, when assembled, will be able to bleed.
withstand a concentrated force of 200 lb applied in any direction at any point of the
upper rail.

0.6 Toeboards
The baseboards must be installed on all open sides (except at the stair entrance.
or stairs) to provide an installation height equal to 4 inches above the track.

0.7 Midrail
Midrail will be installed approximately halfway between
The tread path and top rail. Where the midrail extends into an area of the walkway, the
extremes must be shaped to a smooth contour.

0.8 supports
Each tank must be equipped with two sets of support, firmly bolted to the
tabs specified in Fig. 1. The supports must be installed to provide access
26 inches wide to the tank at the point of attachment.

Stairs

0.9
Ladders when necessary to access sections of walkways must be designed to be
in the field and must be able to support a minimum of 100 lbs per linear foot of rolling
width, or a concentrated load of 1,000 lb at any point on the ladder without deviating more than
1/360 of the length of the supported stairway. The width of the stairway shall be a minimum of 26 inches.
stairs should be designed and installed at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal, unless
that in the sense specified by the buyer is different. When installed at 45 degrees
Steps, the staircase will have a rise and run of 8 1/2 inches with a nominal width of the
tread band of no less than 8 inches. Another increase and combinations of the band of
Rolling that will produce a staircase within angles to the horizontal between 30 and 50 degrees.
will be acceptable, as long as all other requirements of this specification are met.
the rise height and the tread width will be uniform throughout any staircase,
including any foundation used as one or more steps.

0.10
The railings will be installed on both sides of the stairs, and they will be designed in such a way that the
completed assembly must support a minimum force of 200 lb in any direction applied to
any point on the upper rail. The upper rails must be installed in such a way that The rail
superior measures no less than 30 inches and no more than 34 inches measured vertically from the
superior surface of the nose of a footprint. Protection against fans will be provided between the
staircase runners and the upper railing. The union of the upper railing of the
The staircase railing will provide a smooth transition with the upper railing of the railing.
from the walkway, preferably through the use of a structural reinforcement member.

0.11
Spiral stairs, connected to supports on the circumference from the tank, can be used instead
from straight stairs, as long as all the previous requirements are met, with which it is considered that
Handrails are only required on the outside of the staircase. The run of the stair tread
It will depend on the radius of the outer arc, and the minimum effective footprint should be 7 inches, measuring 13.
inches from the outer arch of the spiral. Ladders are not recommended for installation in
tanks less than 15 feet, 6 inches in diameter.

Stairs
0.12
Fixed industrial ladders can be used instead of stairs. The use of a platform is
optional with the buyer, but when used, the platform will have minimum dimensions of
26 inches x 30 inches with standard railings, except in the transition from the stairs.

D.13
The stairs, when used, must be firmly anchored with the center of the step to by
at least 7 inches from the surface of the tank or another obstruction.

0.14
The steps must have a minimum diameter of 3/4 inch, spaced a maximum of 12 inches.
from center to center with a minimum clear length of 16 inches and is designed to support
a mother load of 200 lb.

0.15
Open ladders can be used to climb a maximum of 20 feet, and caged ladders or
acceptable safety sliding devices must
to be used when the climbing height is between 20 feet and 30 feet