AGENDA ITEM No. M/s.
-------------- - Calculation of the Pollution Index of
Dt.01.03.2017. Manufacturing of Non-Alcoholic Beverages with
Wastewater Generation < 100 KLD (8.2) under Orange
Category – Reg.
A) Process:
The production of non-alcoholic beverages involves mixing, blending,
carbonation, and bottling of products such as soft drinks, juices, and packaged
water. Ingredients include water, sugars, flavoring agents, preservatives, and
acids (e.g., citric acid), with cleaning agents used for equipment sanitation.
These processes generate wastewater primarily from cleaning operations,
equipment rinsing, and reject streams from water treatment systems (e.g.,
reverse osmosis).
Wastewater has moderate organic loads, with Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD) ranging from 500 to 1,000 mg/L and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
from 1,000 to 5,000 mg/L, due to residual sugars, organic acids, and cleaning
chemicals. Inorganic dissolved solids are present from processes like RO rejects
and cooling tower blowdowns. Treatment is managed through Effluent Treatment
Plants (ETPs) with processes like neutralization, biological treatment (aerobic or
anaerobic), and filtration to meet discharge standards. For units with wastewater
generation < 100 KLD, partial water recycling is common to reduce discharge
volumes.
Air emissions are primarily from combustion processes in boilers or generators
using coal or liquid fuels, producing pollutants like particulate matter (PM),
nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). Fugitive
emissions and odor nuisance are negligible, as the process does not involve
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or odorous compounds. Air pollution control
measures, such as bag filters or electrostatic precipitators, are used to manage
combustion emissions.
The non-alcoholic beverage industry generates no significant hazardous waste.
Waste streams primarily consist of non-hazardous materials like packaging
waste (e.g., plastic, glass, or cardboard) and organic sludge from ETPs, which
are managed through municipal or non-hazardous waste systems.
B) In view of the above, the provisional pollution index score is calculated based
on the 2025 CPCB methodology as follows:
1. Water Pollution Score (PIW)
Score
Description Score
Component
500 ≤ BOD < 1,000 mg/l or 1,000 ≤ COD < 5,000 mg/l (typical
W1-3 25
for beverage wastewater)
Inorganic dissolved solids (e.g., from RO rejects, cooling tower
W2-3 20
blowdowns)
50 KLD ≤ Wastewater < 100 KLD (typical for small to medium
W3-3 25
units)
As per CPCB methodology, the maximum score from each group (W1, W2, W3)
is considered. Thus:
W1: Maximum score = 25 (W1-3, 500 ≤ BOD < 1,000 mg/l or 1,000 ≤ COD <
5,000 mg/l)
W2: Maximum score = 20 (W2-3, Inorganic dissolved solids from RO rejects,
cooling tower blowdowns)
W3: Maximum score = 25 (W3-3, 50 KLD ≤ Wastewater < 100 KLD)
PIW = W1 + W2 + W3 = 25 + 20 + 25 = 70
2. Air Pollution Score (PIA)
Score
Description Score
Component
Pollutants due to combustion (e.g.,
A1-3 25
PM, NOx, SO2 from coal/liquid fuel)
0 (Negligible, as no VOCs or
A2 Fugitive emissions or odor nuisance
odorous compounds in process)
Coal or liquid fuel consumption < 12
A3-3 25
TPD
As per CPCB methodology, the maximum score from each group (A1, A2, A3) is
considered. Thus:
A1: Maximum score = 25 (A1-3, Pollutants due to combustion)
A2: Maximum score = 0 (No significant fugitive emissions or odor nuisance)
A3: Maximum score = 25 (A3-3, Coal or liquid fuel consumption < 12 TPD)
PIA = A1 + A2 + A3 = 25 + 0 + 25 = 50
3. Hazardous Waste Score (PIH)
Score
Description Score
Component
Hazardous waste requiring 0 (Not applicable, as no significant
H1
incineration or landfill hazardous waste generated)
Hazardous waste generation 0 (Not applicable, as no significant
H2
quantity hazardous waste generated)
As per CPCB methodology, the maximum score from each group (H1, H2) is
considered. Thus:
H1: Maximum score = 0 (No significant hazardous waste requiring incineration or
landfill)
H2: Maximum score = 0 (No significant hazardous waste generation)
PIH = H1 + H2 = 0 + 0 = 0
4. Final Pollution Index (PI) Calculation
𝑰 = 𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒙+(𝟏𝟎𝟎− 𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒙)((𝒊𝟐 + 𝒊𝟑)/ 𝟐𝟎𝟎 ))
PI = 70 + (100 – 70) × (50 + 0) / 200 = 70 + 30 × 50 / 200 = 70 + 30 × 0.25 =
70 + 7.5 = 77.5
5. Pollution Category
Based on the Pollution Index PI = 77.5, the sector is classified as:
Orange Category (60 < PI ≤ 80)
C) Remarks:
The pollution index reflects moderate pollution potential from wastewater with
organic loads and combustion emissions from coal or liquid fuel usage. The
absence of hazardous waste, fugitive emissions, and odor nuisance reduces the
overall environmental impact.
The unit must implement ETPs for wastewater treatment to manage BOD/COD
and inorganic solids, along with air pollution control devices (e.g., bag filters) for
combustion emissions. Non-hazardous waste (e.g., packaging) should be
managed through appropriate recycling or disposal systems.
The issue is placed before the Committee on Categorization for review.
