CLASS: XII NM 'A'*
MATHEMATICS
VECTOR, 3D
EXERCISE–I
1
Q.1 A(a ) ; B ( b ) ; C(c) are the vertices of the triangle ABC such that a (2î r 7 k̂ ) ; b 3 r ˆj 4k̂ ;
2
c 22î 11 ĵ 9 r . A vector p 2ˆj k̂ is such that ( r p) is parallel to î and ( r 2î ) is parallel to p .
Show that there exists a point D (d) on the line AB with d 2 t î (1 2 t )ˆj ( t 4) k̂ . Also find the shortest
distance C from AB.
Q.2 The position vectors of the points A, B, C are respectively (1, 1, 1) ; (1, 1, 2) ; (0, 2, 1). Find a unit vector
parallel to the plane determined by ABC & perpendicular to the vector (1, 0, 1) .
( a1 a ) 2 ( a 1 b) 2
(a 1 c ) 2
Q.3 Let (b1 a ) 2 (b1 b) 2 (b1 c) 2 = 0 and if the vectors î aˆj a 2 k̂ ; î bˆj b 2 k̂ ;
(c1 a ) 2 (c1 b) 2 (c1 c) 2
î cˆj c 2 k̂ are non coplanar, show that the vectors 1 î a1ˆj a1 k̂;1 î b1ˆj b1 k̂ and
2 2
1 î c1 ĵ c12k̂ are coplaner..
Q.4 Given non zero number x1, x2, x3 ; y1, y2, y3 and z1, z2 and z3 such that xi > 0 and yi < 0 for all i = 1, 2, 3.
(i) Can the given numbers satisfy
x1 x 2 x3 x1x 2 y1 y 2 z1z 2 0
y1 y 2 y3 = 0 and x 2 x 3 y 2 y 3 z 2 z 3 0
z1 z 2 z3 x 3 x1 y 3 y1 z 3z1 0
(ii) If P = (x1, x2, x3) ; Q (y1, y2, y3) and O (0, 0, 0) can the triangle POQ be a right angled triangle?
Q.5 The pv's of the four angular points of a tetrahedron are : A j 2 k ; B 3 i k ; C 4 i 3 j 6 k
& D 2 i 3 j 2 k . Find :
(i) the perpendicular distance from A to the line BC.
(ii) the volume of the tetrahedron ABCD.
(iii) the perpendicular distance from D to the plane ABC.
(iv) the shortest distance between the lines AB & CD.
Q.6 The length of an edge of a cube ABCDA1B1C1D1 is equal to unity. A point E taken on the edge AA 1 is such
1 1
that AE = . A point F is taken on the edge BC such that BF = . If O1 is the centre of the cube, find
3 4
the shortest distance of the vertex B1 from the plane of the O1EF.
Q.7 The vector OP = î 2 ĵ 2k̂ turns through a right angle, passing through the positive x-axis on the way. Find
the vector in its new position.
Q.8 Find the point R in which the line AB cuts the plane CDE where
a = î 2ˆj k̂ , b = 2î ˆj 2k̂ , c = 4 ˆj 4k̂ , d = 2î 2ˆj 2k̂ & e = 4î ˆj 2k̂ .
Q.9 If a a1î a 2 ĵ a 3k̂ ; b b1î b 2 ĵ b 3k̂ and c c1î c 2 ĵ c3k̂ then show that the value of the scalar
a · î a · ĵ a · k̂
triple product [ na b nb c nc a ] is (n3 + 1) b · î b · ĵ b · k̂
c · î c · ĵ c · k̂
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Q.10 Find the scalars & if a x ( b x c) (a . b) b (4 2 sin ) b ( 2 1) c & ( c . c) a c while b & c are
non zero non collinear vectors.
Q.11 If the vectors b , c ,d are not coplanar, then prove that the vector
(a b) ( c d ) (a c ) (d b) (a d ) ( b c ) is parallel to a .
Q.12 a , b , c are noncoplanar unit vectors . The angle between b & c is , between c & a is and between
a & b is . If A a cos , B b cos , C c cos , then show that in ABC,
a x b x c
b x c x a c x a x b
= a x b x c
= = where
sin A sin B sin C sin cos cos n 1
b x c c x a a x b
n 1 = , n 2 = & n 3 = .
b x c c x a a x b
Q.13 Given that a,b,p,q are four vectors such that a b p , b .q 0 & ( b ) 2 1 , where µ is a scalar then prove
that ( a .q ) p ( p .q ) a p .q .
Q.14 Show that a p x (q x r ) ; b q x ( r x p) & c r x ( p x q) represents the sides of a triangle. Further prove
that a unit vector perpendicular to the plane of this triangle is
n 1 tan p ^ q n 2 tan q ^ r n 3 tan r ^ p
± where a , b , c , p , q are non zero vectors and no two
n 1 tan p ^ q n 2 tan q ^ r n 3 tan r ^ p
pxq qx r rxp
of p , q , r are mutually perpendicular & n 1 ; n 2 & n 3
pxq qx r rxp
Q.15 Given four points P1, P2, P3 and P4 on the coordinate plane with origin O which satisfy the condition
3
O P n , n = 2, 3
O P n 1 + O P n 1 =
2
(i) If P1, P2 lie on the curve xy = 1, then prove that P3 does not lie on the curve.
(ii) If P1, P2, P3 lie on the circle x2 + y2 = 1, then prove that P4 lies on this circle.
Q.16 Let a i 2 j 3 k , b i 2 j 2 k and c 2 i j k . Find the value(s) of , if any, such that
a b b c c a = 0. Find the vector product when = 0.
p.r p.s
Q.17 Prove the result (Lagrange’s identity) (p q) · ( r s ) & use it to prove the following. Let (ab)denote
q.r q.s
the plane formed by the lines a,b. If (ab) is perpendicular to (cd) and (ac) is perpendicular to (bd) prove that
(ad) is perpendicular to (bc).
p 2 b (b . a ) a p(b xa )
Q.18 (a) If px ( x a ) b ; ( p 0) prove that x 2 2 .
p (p a )
(b)
Solve the following equation for the vector p ; px a p . b c b x c where a , b , c are non zero non
a bc
coplanar vectors and a is neither perpendicular to b nor to c , hence show that p a c
a ·c
is perpendicular to b c .
Q.19 Find a vector v which is coplanar with the vectors i j 2 k & i 2 j k and is orthogonal to the
vector 2 i j k . It is given that the projection of v along the vector i j k is equal to 6 3 .
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Q.20 Consider the non zero vectors a , b , c & d such that no three of which are coplanar then prove that
a b cd c a b d b a cd d a b c . Hence prove that a , b , c & d represent the position vectors of the
b cd a b d
vertices of a plane quadrilateral if 1.
a cd a b c
Q.21 The base vectors a1,a 2 ,a 3 are given in terms of base vectors b1,b 2 ,b 3 as, a1 2b1 3b 2 b3 ;
a 2 b1 2b 2 2b 3 & a 3 2b1 b 2 2b 3 . If F 3b1 b 2 2b3 , then express F in terms of
a1, a 2 & a 3 .
Q.22 If A a ; B b & C c are three non collinear points , then for any point P p in the plane of the
ABC , prove that ;
(i) a b c p . a x b b x c cx a
(ii) The vector v perpendicular to the plane of the triangle ABC drawn from the origin 'O' is given by
v =±
a b c a b bc ca
where
is the vector area of the triangle ABC.
42
Q.23 Given the points P (1, 1, –1), Q (1, 2, 0) and R (–2, 2, 2). Find
(a) PQP R
(b) Equation of the plane in
(i) scalar dot product form
(ii) parametric form
(iii) cartesian form
(iv) if the plane through PQR cuts the coordinate axes at A, B, C then the area of the ABC
Q.24 Let a , b & c be non coplanar unit vectors, equally inclined to one another at an angle . If
a x b b x c p a q b r c . Find scalars p , q & r in terms of .
Q.25 Solve the simultaneous vector equations for the vectors x and y .
x c y a and y c x b where c is a non zero vector..
EXERCISE–II
Q.1 Find the angle between the two straight lines whose direction cosines l, m, n are given by
2l + 2m – n = 0 and mn + nl + lm = 0.
Q.2 If two straight line having direction cosines l, m, n satisfy al + bm + cn = 0 and f m n + g n l + h l m = 0 are
f g h
perpendicular, then show that = 0.
a b c
Q.3 P is any point on the plane lx + my + nz = p. A point Q taken on the line OP (where O is the origin) such that
OP. OQ = p2. Show that the locus of Q is p( lx + my + nz ) = x2 + y2 + z2.
Q.4 Find the equation of the plane through the points (2, 2, 1), (1, –2, 3) and parallel to the x-axis.
Q.5 Through a point P (f, g, h), a plane is drawn at right angles to OP where 'O' is the origin, to meet the coordinate
r5
axes in A, B, C. Prove that the area of the triangle ABC is where OP = r..
2f g h
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Q.6 The plane lx + my = 0 is rotated about its line of intersection with the plane z = 0 through an angle . Prove
that the equation to the plane in new position is lx + my + z l 2 m 2 tan = 0
Q.7 Find the equations of the straight line passing through the point (1, 2, 3) to intersect the straight line
x + 1 = 2 (y – 2) = z + 4 and parallel to the plane x + 5y + 4z = 0.
x 3 y3 z
Q.8 Find the equations of the two lines through the origin which intersect the line at an angle of
2 1 1
.
3
Q.9 A variable plane is at a constant distance p from the origin and meets the coordinate axes in points A, B and C
respectively. Through these points, planes are drawn parallel to the coordinates planes. Find the locus of their
point of intersection.
x 2 2 y 3 3z 4
Q.10 Find the distance of the point P (– 2, 3, – 4) from the line measured parallel to the
3 4 5
plane 4x + 12y – 3z + 1 = 0.
Q.11 Find the equation to the line passing through the point (1, –2, –3) and parallel to the line
2x + 3y – 3z + 2 = 0 = 3x – 4y + 2z – 4.
Q.12 Find the equation of the line passing through the point (4, –14, 4) and intersecting the line of intersection of the
planes : 3x + 2y – z = 5 and x – 2y – 2z = –1 at right angles.
Q.13 Let P = (1, 0, – 1) ; Q = (1, 1, 1) and R = (2, 1, 3) are three points.
(a) Find the area of the triangle having P, Q and R as its vertices.
(b) Give the equation of the plane through P, Q and R in the form ax + by + cz = 1.
(c) Where does the plane in part (b) intersect the y-axis.
(d) Give parametric equations for the line through R that is perpendicular to the plane in part (b).
Q.14 Find the point where the line of intersection of the planes x – 2y + z = l and x + 2y – 2z = 5, intersects the plane
2x + 2y + z + 6 = 0.
Q.15 Feet of the perpendicular drawn from the point P (2, 3, –5) on the axes of coordinates are A, B and C. Find the
equation of the plane passing through their feet and the area of ABC.
Q.16 Find the equations to the line which can be drawn from the point (2, –1, 3) perpendicular to the lines
x 1 y 2 z 3 x4 y z3
and at right angles.
2 3 4 4 5 3
x 1 y 2 z
Q.17 Find the equation of the plane containing the straight line and perpendicular to the plane
2 3 5
x – y + z + 2 = 0.
x 1 y p z2 x y7 z7
Q.18 Find the value of p so that the lines and are in the same plane.
3 2 1 1 3 2
For this value of p, find the coordinates of their point of intersection and the equation of the plane containing
them.
Q.19 Find the equations to the line of greatest slope through the point (7, 2 , –1) in the plane
x – 2y + 3z = 0 assuming that the axes are so placed that the plane 2x + 3y – 4z = 0 is horizontal.
Q.20 Let ABCD be a tetrahedron such that the edges AB, AC and AD are mutually perpendicular. Let the area of
triangles ABC, ACD and ADB be denoted by x, y and z sq. units respectively. Find the area of the triangle
BCD.
Q.21 The position vectors of the four angular points of a tetrahedron OABC are (0, 0, 0); (0, 0, 2); (0, 4, 0) and (6,
0, 0) respectively. A point P inside the tetrahedron is at the same distance 'r' from the four plane faces of the
tetrahedron. Find the value of 'r'.
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x 6 y 10 z 14
Q.22 The line is the hypotenuse of an isosceles right angled triangle whose opposite vertex
5 3 8
is (7, 2, 4). Find the equation of the remaining sides.
Q.23 Find the foot and hence the length of the perpendicular from the point (5, 7, 3) to the line
x 15 y 29 5 z
. Also find the equation of the plane in which the perpendicular and the given straight
3 8 5
line lie.
x 1 y 2 z 3
Q.24 Find the equation of the line which is reflection of the line in the plane
9 1 3
3x – 3y + 10z = 26.
x 1 y z x 3 y z2
Q.25 Find the equation of the plane containing the line and parallel to the line .
2 3 2 2 5 4
Find also the S.D. between the two lines.
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE–I
1
Q.1 2 17 Q.2 (î 5 ĵ k̂ ) Q.4 NO, NO
3 3
6 3 11 4 1 1
Q.5 (i) 14 (ii) 6 (iii) 10 (iv) 6 Q.6 Q.7 î ĵ k̂
7 5 170 2 2 2
( 1) n
Q.8 p.v. of R = r = 3i + 3k Q.10 n ,n I & 1
2
Q.16 = 2/3 ; if = 0 then vector product is 60 2 i k
a bc b.c b
Q.18 (b) p a c b
b. b c
Q.19 9 j k
a . c a . b a .b
a .b
Q.21 F = 2a1 5a 2 3a 3
4 22
Q.23 (a) 2î 3ˆj 3k̂ , (b) (i) – 4, (ii) r̂ î ˆj k̂ + (ˆj k̂ ) ( 3î ˆj 3k̂ ) , (iii) – 4, (iv)
9
1 2 cos 1
Q.24 p = ; q= ; r=
1 2 cos 1 2 cos 1 2 cos
1 2 cos 1
or p= ; q= ; r=
1 2 cos 1 2 cos 1 2 cos
a ( c. a ) c b c b ( c. b) c a c
Q.25 x , y
1 c2 1 c2
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EXERCISE–II
x 1 y 2 z 3
Q.1 = 900 Q.4 y + 2z = 4 Q.7
2 2 3
x y z x y z 1 1 1 1 17
Q.8 or Q.9 2
2 2 2 Q.10
1 2 1 1 1 2 x y z p 2
x 1 y 2 z 3 x 4 y 14 z 4
Q.11 Q.12
6 13 17 3 10 4
3 2x 2 y z 3
Q.13 (a) ; (b) = 1; (c) 0, , 0 ; (d) x = 2t + 2 ; y = 2t + 1 and z = – t + 3
2 3 3 3 2
x y z 19 x 2 y 1 z3
Q.14 (1, –2, – 4) Q.15 1 , Area = sq. units Q.16
2 3 5 2 11 10 2
Q.17 2x + 3y + z + 4 = 0 Q.18 p = 3, (2, 1, –3) ; x + y + z = 0
x7 y2 z 1 2
Q.19 Q.20 (x 2 y2 z 2 ) Q.21
22 5 4 3
x7 y2 z4 x7 y2 z4
Q.22 ;
3 6 2 2 3 6
x 4 y 1 z 7
Q.23 (9, 13, 15) ; 14 ; 9x – 4y – z = 14 Q.24
9 1 3
Q.25 x – 2y + 2z – 1 = 0; 2 units
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