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X CBSE – SCIENCE

QUESTION PATTERN

NO. OF MARKS PER TOTAL

OBJECTIVES
QUESTIONS QUESTON MARKS
SECTION A
20 1 20
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION AND ASSERTION REASON
SECTION B
6 2 12
VERY SHORT ANSWER
SECTION C
7 3 21
SHORT ANSWER
SECTION D
3 5 15
LONG ANSWER
SECTION D
3 4 12
CASE BASED/ DATA BASED QUESTION
39 80

WEIGHTAGE PER CHAPTER IN PHYSICS:

TOTAL MARKS ALLOTED FOR PHYSICS - 25
CHAPTER TOPIC MARKS ALLOTED
10 REFLECTION AND REFRACTION 10
11 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD 02
12 ELECTRICITY 07
13 MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT 06

WEIGHTAGE PER CHAPTER IN CHEMISTRY:

TOTAL MARKS ALLOTED OF CHEMISTRY - 25
CHAPTER TOPIC MARKS ALLOTED
1 CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATION 10
2 ACID, BASES AND SALTS 02
3 METALS AND NON-METALS 07
4 CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS 06

WEIGHTAGE PER CHAPTER IN BIOLOGY:

TOTAL MARKS ALLOTED OF CHEMISTRY – 30
CHAPTER TOPIC MARKS ALLOTED
1 LIFE PROCESS 09
2 CONTROL AND CO-ORDINATION 06
3 HOW DO ORGANISM REPRODUCE 03
4 HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION 07
5 OUR ENVIRONMENT 05
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CHAPTER 10. Light – Reflection and Refraction

IN-TEXT QUESTIONS: [THEORY]

1. Define the principal focus of a concave mirror.

It is the point where light rays that are parallel to the principal axis meet or converge after
reflecting from the mirror.
2. Name a mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of an object.
Concave mirror, when object is placed between pole and focus
3. Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles?
It produces erect image, virtual image
Size of the image is much smaller than the object, that we can get a wide rear view
4. A ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into water. Does the light ray bend towards the
normal or away from the normal? Why?
Light bend towards the normal because light enters into water which is optically denser
medium than air. Since speed of the light is lesser in denser medium so it bends towards
normal.
5.
MATERIAL REFRACTIVE MATERIAL REFRACTIVE
MEDIUM INDEX MEDIUM INDEX
Air 1.0003 Crown glass 1.52
Ice 1.31 Canada Balsam 1.53
Water 1.33 Rock Salt 1.54
Alcohol 1.36 Carbon disulphide 1.63
Kerosene 1.44 Dense flint glass 1.65
Quartz 1.46 Ruby 1.71
Turpentine oil 1.47 Sapphire 1.77
benzene 1.5 Diamond 2.42

i. Find out, from the above table the medium having highest optical density. Also find
the medium with lowest optical density.
Highest optical density – Diamond
Lowest optical density - Air
ii. You are given kerosene, turpentine and water. In which of these does the light travel
fastest? Use the information from given table
Relation to find speed of the light in medium is,
𝒄 𝒄
v=𝒏 [ 𝒏𝒎 = ]
𝒎 𝒗
From the above equation, it is clear that speed of the light is less in denser
medium and vice versa. Thus, speed of the light is more in
water > Kerosene > Turpentine oil
6. The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. What is the meaning of this statement?
The ratio of speed of light in air or vacuum to speed of light in diamond is 2.42
𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒐𝒓 𝒗𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒖𝒎 𝒄
𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒅
= 𝟐. 𝟒𝟐 [ 𝒏𝒎 = 𝒗
]
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7. Define 1 dioptre of power of a lens.

1 dioptre is the power of lens whose focal length is 1m.
𝟏
1D = 1m-1 [P=𝒇]

BOOK-BACK QUESTIONS:[THEORY]

1. We wish to obtain an erect image of an object, using a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm.
What should be the range of distance of the object from the mirror? What is the nature of the
image? Is the image larger or smaller than the object? Draw a ray diagram to show the image
formation in this case.
To obtain an erect image in concave mirror, object should be placed between pole and focus,
i.e. less than 15cm.
Nature of the image: Virtual, erect and enlarged
Size of the image: Larger than the object
Ray diagram:

2. Name the type of mirror used in the following situations.

a) Headlights of a car.
b) Side/rear-view mirror of a vehicle.
c) Solar furnace.
Headlights of a car: Concave mirror is used. Bulb is placed at focus of the mirror.
Reflected light is powerful and parallel helps to see the considerable distance.

Side/rear-view mirror of a vehicle: Convex mirror is used. It produces erect image,

virtual image. Size of the image is much smaller than the object, that we can get a wide
rear view.
3. One-half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete image
of the object?
If one-half of a convex lens is covered with black paper, the lens will still produce a complete
image of the object, but with reduced brightness.
4. The magnification produced by a plane mirror is +1. What does this mean?
The positive sign indicates that the image is virtual, erect and same size as the object.

IN-TEXT QUESTIONS: [NUMERICALS]

1. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm. What is its focal length?
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2. Find the focal length of a convex mirror whose radius of curvature is 32 cm.

3. A concave mirror produces three times magnified (enlarged) real image of an object placed at
10 cm in front of it. Where is the image located?

4. Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1.50. What is the speed of light in the
glass? The speed of light in vacuum is 3 × 108 ms–1

5. A convex lens forms a real and inverted image of a needle at a distance of 50 cm from it. Where
is the needle placed in front of the convex lens if the image is equal to the size of the object?
Also, find the power of the lens.

6. Find the power of a concave lens of focal length 2 m.

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SOLVED PROBLEMS: [ REFER BOOK ]

1. A convex mirror used for rear-view on an automobile has a radius of curvature of 3.00 m. If a
bus is located at 5.00 m from this mirror, find the position, nature and size of the image.
2. An object, 4.0 cm in size, is placed at 25.0 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15.0
cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp
image? Find the nature and the size of the image
3. A concave lens has focal length of 15 cm. At what distance should the object from the lens be
placed so that it forms an image at 10 cm from the lens? Also, find the magnification produced
by the lens.
A 2.0 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length
10 cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 15 cm. Find the nature, position and size of
the image. Also find its magnification

BOOK-BACK QUESTIONS:[NUMERICALS]

1. An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal length 10 cm. Draw
the ray diagram and find the position, size and the nature of the image formed.
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2. A concave lens of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm from the lens. How far is the object
placed from the lens? Draw the ray diagram.

3. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find the
position and nature of the image.
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4. An object 5.0 cm in length is placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of a convex mirror of radius

of curvature 30 cm. Find the position of the image, its nature and size.

5. An object of size 7.0 cm is placed at 27 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 18 cm. At
what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed, so that a sharp focussed image can be
obtained? Find the size and the nature of the image.

6. Find the focal length of a lens of power – 2.0 D. What type of lens is this?

7. A doctor has prescribed a corrective lens of power +1.5 D. Find the focal length of the lens. Is
the prescribed lens diverging or converging?
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PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Previous Year Questions 2024:

MCQ

1. At what distance from a convex lens should an object be placed to get an image of the same size as
that of the object on a screen?
(a) Beyond twice the focal length of the lens.
(b) At the principal focus of the lens.
(c) At twice the focal length of the lens.
(d) Between the optical center of the lens and its principal focus.
Reason: To get an image of the same size as the object using a convex lens, the
object should be placed at twice the focal length of the lens. This distance is called "twice
the focal length"
2. The Phenomena of light involved in the formation of a rainbow in the sky are
(a) Refraction, dispersion and reflection
(b) Refraction, dispersion and total internal reflection
(c) Dispersion, scattering and reflection
(d) Dispersion, refraction and internal reflection
Reason: Refraction: Light bends when entering a different medium, like when sunlight
enters a raindrop.
Dispersion: Different colors of light bend at slightly different angles within the
raindrop, causing them to separate.
Total internal reflection: Light is trapped inside the raindrop and reflected back
out if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.
3. Absolute refractive index of glass and water is 3/2 and 4/3 respectively. If the speed of light in glass
is 2 x 108 m/s, the speed of light in water is
(a) 2.25 × 108 m/s
(b) 52 × 108 m/s
(c) 73 × 108 m/s
(d) 169 × 108 m/s
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4. How will the image formed by a convex lens be affected, if the upper half of the lens is wrapped
with black paper?
(a) The size of the image formed will be one-half of the size of the image due to the complete
lens.
(b) The image of the upper half of the object will not be formed.
(c) The brightness of the image will reduce.
(d) The lower half of the inverted image will not be formed.
Reason: If the upper half of a convex lens is wrapped in black paper, it blocks some
light from passing through. As a result, the brightness of the image formed will reduce, but
the size and shape of the image will remain the same since the lower half of the lens can still
focus the light.
5. The color of light for which the refractive index of glass is minimum, is
(a) Red
(b) Yellow
(c) Green
(d) Violet
Reason: The refractive index of glass is lowest for red light, meaning that red light
travels through glass the fastest compared to other colors. As a result, red light bends the
least when it enters the glass, which is why it has the minimum refractive index.

6. The lens system of human eye forms an image on a light sensitive screen, which is called as
(a) Cornea
(b) Ciliary muscles
(c) Optic nerves
(d) Retina

SHORT ANSWER

1. State two laws of refraction of light.

I. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the interface of two transparent
media at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.
II. The ratio of the sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a
constant, for the light of a given colour and for the given pair of media.
2. The variation of image distance (v) with object distance (u) for a convex lens is given in the following
observation table. Analyse it and answer the questions that follow:

S.No Object distance (u) Image distance (v)

1 -150 +30
2 -75 +37.5
3 -50 +50
4 -37.5 +75
5 -30 +150
6 -15 +37.5
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(a)
i. Without calculation, find the focal length of the convex lens. Justify your answer.
From S.No. 3 in the above table, 2f is 50 cm. Hence 2f = 50 cm, or
f = 25 cm.
Reason: Object distance(u) and image distance (v) are same so it implies that
object is placed at 2F.
ii. Which observation is not correct ? Why? Draw ray diagram to find the position of the
image formed for this position of the object.
S. No. 6 is incorrect.
Reason: For u = −15 cm, sign of v must be – ve ( as the image is formed on the
same side of the lens as the object)
Ray diagram:

iii. Find the approximate value of magnification for u = - 30 cm.

𝑣
m=𝑢
150
=
−30
m=-5
(b)
i. Define principal axis of a lens. Draw a ray diagram to show what happens when a ray
of light parallel to the principal axis of a concave lens passes through it.
Principal axis: It is an imaginary line passing through the two centre of
curvatures of a lens
Ray diagram:

ii. The focal length of a concave lens is 20 cm. At what distance from the lens should a 5
cm tall object be placed so that its image is formed at a distance of 15 cm from the
lens? Also calculate the size of the image formed.
Given:
f = −20cm v = −15cm ho = 5cm
1 1 1
Using lens formula =𝑣−
𝑓 𝑢
1 1 1
= −15 −
−20 𝑢
1 1 1
= −
𝑢 −15 −20
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1 1 1
= −15 +
𝑢 20
1 −4+3
=
𝑢 60
1 −1
=
𝑢 60
𝑢 = − 60cm
3.
(a)
i. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the refracted ray in each of the following
cases:
A ray of light incident on a concave lens
(1) parallel to its principal axis

(2) directed towards its principal focus.

ii. A 4 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of convex lens of focal
length 24 cm. The distance of object from the lens is 16 cm. Find the position and
size of image formed.
Given:
u = –16 cm, f = + 24 cm, h = 4 cm
1 1 1
Using lens formula =𝑣−
𝑓 𝑢
1 1 1
= −
24 𝑣 −16
1 1 1
= 24 −
𝑣 16
1 −1
=
𝑣 48
𝑣 = −48
𝑣 −48
MAGNIFICATION: 𝑚 = 𝑢 = −16
𝑚=3

SIZE OF THE IMAGE: h’ = m x h = 3 x 4 = 12

Position of the image is on same side as the object hence it is virtual and erect, image is 3 times taller than object.

OR
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(b)
i. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the reflected ray in each of the following
cases: A ray of light incident on a convex mirror
(1) parallel to its principal axis

(2) is directed towards its principal focus

ii. A 1.5 cm tall candle flame is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a concave
mirror of focal length 12 cm. If the distance of the flame from the pole of the mirror
is 18 cm, use mirror formula to determine the position and size of the image formed.
USING MIRROR FORMULA

ALTERNATE METHOD:
ℎ′ 𝑣
=−
ℎ 𝑢
𝑣 −36
h’= − ℎ = − 𝑥 1.5
MAGNIFICATION: : 𝑢 −18

𝑣 −36 = −2 𝑥 1.5 = −3
𝑚 = − 𝑢 = − −18
𝑚= −2
SIZE OF THE IMAGE:
h’ = m x h = −2 x 1.5 = −3cm
Position of the image is on same side as the object hence it is real and
inverted image(negative sign h’) , image is 2 times taller than object.
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CASE-BASED/DATA-BASED QUESTIONS:
1. A highly polished surface such as a mirror reflects most of the light falling on it. In our daily life
we use two types of mirrors plane and spherical. The reflecting surface of a spherical mirrors
may be curved inwards or outwards. In concave mirrors, reflection takes place from the inner
surface, while in convex mirrors reflection takes place from the outer surface.
a. Define the principal axis of a concave mirror.
The principal axis of a concave mirror is an imaginary line that runs through
the centre of the mirror, perpendicular to its surface. It is the line along which light
rays parallel to it converge after reflection.
b. A ray of light is incident on a concave mirror, parallel to its principal axis. If this ray
after reflection from the mirror passes through the principal axis from a point at a
distance of 10 cm from the pole of the mirror, find the radius of curvature of the
mirror.
The point where the reflected ray passes through the principal axis is principal
focus. Hence f = 10cm. We know that R = 2f
R = 2 𝑥 10
R = 20cm
Thus, radius of the curvature is 20 cm.
c. i. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from the pole of a convex mirror of focal
length 15 cm. Find the position of the image.
GIVEN: u= - 10 , f = + 15 cm ,
1 1 1
USING MIRROR FORMULA , =𝑣+
𝑓 𝑢
1 1 1
=𝑓−
𝑣 𝑢

ii. A mirror forms a virtual, erect and diminished image of an object. Identify the
type of this mirror. Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.
The mirror that forms a virtual, erect, and diminished image is a convex
mirror.
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INTERIOR QUESTIONS:
A. PLANE MIRROR
1. Which type of mirror is used to get a virtual, erect, laterally inverted and same size image as that of
object? Plane mirror
2. In reflection of light, the angle of reflection is equal the angle of incidence.
3. The angle between the incident ray and reflected ray is 60°, the angle of incidence is 30°
4. A ray of light is incident on a plane reflecting surface at angle of incidence of 30°. Then the reflected
ray is deviated by an angle equal to
Angle of deviation = 180°-2i = 180°-2(30°) = 180°-60° = 120°
5. State the two laws of reflection of light.
Laws of reflection of light
(i) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
(ii) The incident ray, the normal to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence
and reflected ray from that point, all lies in the same plane
6. List four characteristics of the images formed by plane mirrors
Characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror
(i) It is always virtual and erect.
(ii) The size of image is equal to that of the object.
(iii) (iii) The image is formed at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in
front of the mirror.
(iv) (iv) The image is laterally inverted

B. SPHERICAL MIRROR
1. The surface of the spoon curved inwards can be approximated to concave mirror
2. The centre of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is a point called pole
3. Centre of curvature of a convex mirror lies behind the mirror
4. Draw ray diagrams to show the principal focus of a
(i) concave mirror

(ii) (ii) convex mirror

5. Define the following terms in the context of spherical mirrors:

(i) Pole (ii) Centre of curvature
(iii) Principal axis (iv) Principal focus
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(i) Pole: The central point of the reflecting spherical surface is called the pole (P).
It lies on the surface of the mirror.
(ii) Centre of Curvature: The centre of the hollow sphere of which the spherical
mirror is a part, is called the centre of curvature (C).
(iii) Principal Axis: The straight line joining the pole and the centre of curvature is
called the principal axis.
(iv) Principal Focus: The point ‘F’ on the principal axis, where the incident light rays
parallel to the principal axis actually meet or appear to diverge or come from
after reflection, is called its principal focus.

C. IMAGE FORMATION BY CONCAVE MIRROR

1. Describe the nature and position of the image
i. Image is real and inverted
ii. Size of the image is as same as object
iii. Distance of the image is equal to distance
of the object

2. When an object is kept within the focus of a concave mirror, an enlarged image is formed behind
the mirror. This image is virtual and erect
3. For a real object, convex lens and concave mirror can produce a real image.
4. The nature of the image formed by concave mirror when the object is placed between the focus
(F) and centre of curvature (C) of the mirror is real, inverted and enlarged.
5. The radius of curvature of a converging mirror is 30 cm. At what distance from the mirror should
an object be placed so as to obtain a virtual image? Between 0 cm and 15 cm [Virtual image can
be formed when only object is placed between pole and focus]
6. An object at a distance of 30 cm from a concave mirror gets its image at the same point. The
focal length of the mirror is – 15 cm
7. List four properties of the image formed by a concave mirror, when object is placed between
focus and pole of the mirror.
(i) Behind the mirror
(ii) Enlarged (magnified)
(iii) Virtual
(iv) Erect
8. Consider the following diagram in which M is a mirror and P is an object and Q is its magnified
image formed by the mirror. State the type of the mirror M and one characteristic property of the
image Q.

The given mirror M is a concave spherical mirror. When the object lies between the pole
and the focus of the concave mirror, an erect, virtual and enlarged image is formed. So, one
characteristic property of the image Q formed in the given figure is that it is virtual.
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9. For a concave mirror draw a ray diagram to show the reflected ray when the ray of light incident
obliquely on the pole of mirror

10. What is the minimum number of rays required for locating the image formed by a concave mirror
for an object? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of a virtual image by a concave mirror.
Two rays are required.

11. For the given data showing the focal lengths of three concave mirrors A, B and C, and the
respective distances of different objects from these mirrors.

a. In the given position of object from the mirrors, which mirror will form a diminished
image of the object. Draw a ray diagram for image formation by this mirror.
In concave mirror, ‘A’ will form the diminished image of the object as the object is
placed beyond the centre of curvature (> 2f) of the mirror.

b. Which mirror can be conveniently used as a make-up mirror? Draw a ray diagram to
illustrate this function.
In concave mirror, ‘C’ can be used as a make-up mirror as the object distance is less
than the focal length of concave mirror (when the object is placed between the
focus ‘F’ and the pole ‘P’ of the concave mirror) a virtual, erect and enlarged image is
formed.
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12. A concave mirror of focal length 15 cm can form a magnified erect as well as inverted image of an
object placed in front of it.” Justify this statement stating the position of the object with respect
to the pole of the mirror in both cases for obtaining the images.
i. When the object is placed between P and F of the concave mirror, we get a magnified
and erect image.
ii. When the object is placed between C and F, we get a magnified and inverted image.

D. IMAGE FORMATION BY CONVEX MIRROR

1. The nature of image formed by a convex mirror when the object distance from the mirror is less
than the distance between pole and focal point (F) of the mirror would be virtual, upright and
diminished in size. Reason: Convex mirror always forms a virtual, erect diminished
image irrespective of the position of object in front of it.
2. An object at a distance of +15 cm is slowly moved towards the pole of a convex mirror. The image
will get diminished and virtual. Reason: Convex mirror always forms a virtual, erect
diminished image irrespective of the position of object in front of it.
3. On moving the object from infinity towards the pole of the convex mirror, the image moves from
focus towards pole.
4. If the object moves away from the pole of a convex mirror, then, the size of image gradually
changes from diminished to point size.
5. List four specific characteristics of the images of the object formed by convex mirrors.
(i) It always formed behind the mirror, between the pole and its focus.
(ii) The image is always virtual and erect.
(iii) The size of image is always smaller than the object.
(iv) Magnification is always positive.
6. The focal length of a convex mirror is 12.5 cm. How far is its centre of curvature (i) from the pole
(ii) from the focus.
The centre of curvature of a mirror is twice of its focal length. So,
(i) the centre of curvature is 25 cm away from its pole
(ii) from the focus, it is 12.5 cm away.
7. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the reflected ray corresponding to an incident ray which
is directed towards the principal focus of a convex mirror. Mark on it the angle of incidence and
the angle of reflection.

8. If the image formed by a spherical mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is
always erect and diminished, what type of mirror is it? Draw a labelled ray diagram to support
your answer.
The required spherical mirror is convex mirror because the image formed by a convex mirror
for all position of the object placed in front of it is always erect and diminished.
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9. Define the following terms in the context of a diverging mirror: (i) Principal focus (ii) Focal length
I. The point ‘F’ on the principal axis, where the incident light rays parallel to the
principal axis appear to diverge or come from after reflection, is called its principal
focus (F) of a diverging mirror. In case of a diverging mirror, principal focus lies the
reflecting surface.
II. The distance between the pole and the focus of the mirror is called the focal
length of the mirror. For a diverging mirror, focal length is always positive.

E. SIGN CONVENTION FOR REFLECTION BY SPHERICAL MIRROR

1. An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at infinity. According to the New Cartesian Sign
Convention, the sign of the focal length and the sign of image distance in this case are
respectively is +, +
2. For the diagram shown, according to the New Cartesian Sign convention
the magnification of the image formed will have Sign → Positive, Value
→ More than 1
3. For the diagram shown, according to new Cartesian sign convention, the
object distance (u) and focal length (f) of the mirror will have u→ negative, f → positive

4. List the New Cartesian Sign convention for reflection of light spherical mirrors.
(i) The object is always placed to the left of the mirror
(ii) All the distances are always measured from the pole of the spherical mirror.
(iii) All the distances measured along the direction of incident light (along +ve x-
axis) the corresponding quantities are considered to be positive.
(iv) All the distances measured opposite to the direction of incident light (i.e.
along –ve x-axis) the corresponding quantities are taken as negative.
(v) The distances measured in upward direction are taken as positive.
(vi) The distances measured in the downward direction are taken as negative
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F. MIRROR FORMULA AND MAGNIFICATION

1. A concave mirror of focal length 20 cm forms an image having twice the size of object. For the
virtual position of image, the position of object will be at _________.

1 th
2. A real image, (5) the size of object is formed at a distance of 18 cm from a mirror. What is the
nature of mirror? Calculate its focal length.

Since focal length is negative, therefore spherical mirror is concave mirror.

3. An object 4 cm in height, is placed at 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm.

At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed to obtain a sharp image of the
object. Calculate the height of the image.
Given: h1 = + 4 cm , f = – 10 cm, u = – 15 cm, v =? h2 =?

1
4. An object is placed at a distance of 30 cm from a convex mirror, the magnification produced is 2
1
Where should the object be placed to get the magnification of 3 ?
1
Given: u = – 30 cm, m=2
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1
5. “The linear magnification produced by a spherical mirror is + 3. Analysing this value state the (a)
type of mirror and (b) position of the object with respect to the pole of the mirror. Draw ray
diagram to justify your answer.
1
a. Since the magnification is + 3 the image is virtual. It is a convex mirror.
b. The Image formed is of smaller size than the size of object placed in front of the
mirror while the object is placed anywhere between the pole (P) of the mirror
and infinity.
RAY DIAGRAM: