Flanged RC Beam Design Example

The solid slab system with 150mm depth shown above casted monolithically with the supporting
beams and supposes that Edge Beam-1supports load transferred from the slab and weight of
external wall in addition to its self-weight. The transferred characteristics load from the slab and
weight of wall are given as;
 Dead load transferred from slab = 20.3KN/m
 Live load transferred from slab = 8.75KN/m
 Weight of exterior wall = 9.6KN/m
Design the beam for maximum bending moment and shear, by assuming that the beam has a
fixed end condition.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam for Flexure and Shear

Step [1]. Materials specifications

Use C30/37 concrete grade with maximum aggregate size 19mm and S-460
Step [2]. Compute the design values and other constants
Concrete Steel
𝑓𝑦𝑘 460
𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 30𝑀𝑝𝑎 , 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 2.9𝑀𝑎𝑝 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = 1.15 = 400𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝛾𝑠

0.85𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85∗30 𝑓
𝑦𝑘 400
𝑓𝑐𝑑 = ( )= = 17𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑚 = 0.8𝑓 = 0.8∗17 = 29.4
𝛾𝑐 1.5 𝑐𝑑

Step [3]. Determine the effective depth based on deflection control.

Concrete highly stressed stress (p=1.5%) and from Table 7.4N of ES EN 1992-1-1:2015
(Section 7.4.2)
 Flanged RC Beam Design Example

𝑙
= 14, but, since we are tend to use S-460 steel grade we need to multiply the span to
𝑑

500
depth ratio by ( 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 ),
𝑓𝑦𝑘 ( )
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣

Let assume
As,req =As, prov
ØL =16mm with single arrangement at the tension region & Øs =8mm
𝑙 500 𝑙 6000
= (14) ∗ ( ) = 15.22 → 𝑑= = = 394.22𝑚𝑚
𝑑 460 15.22 15.22
Step [4]. Determine the concrete cover based on the serviceability requirement.
The concrete cover of any structural element depends on the exposure condition, the
structural class, and materials strength class.
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 + ∆𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑣
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥{𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑏 ; 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑑𝑢𝑟 , 10𝑚𝑚)
✓ Minimum concrete cover for bond requirement (Cmin,b) = diameter of bar =16mm
✓ Minimum cover due to environmental conditions (Cmin,dur)
Let assume the beam is constructed for 50 year service time and using C30/37 material class
and it is a member which have well sheltered from rain (i.e. exposure class XC1).
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑆4
Therefore, for { 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑋𝐶1 ⇒ 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑑𝑢𝑟 = 15𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐶30/37
✓ Allowance in design for deviation (∆Cdev): = 10mm (recommended)
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥{16𝑚𝑚, 15𝑚𝑚, 10𝑚𝑚) = 16𝑚𝑚
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 + ∆𝐂𝐝𝐞𝐯 = 𝟏𝟔𝒎𝒎 + 𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎 = 𝟐𝟔𝒎𝒎 ≈ 𝟑𝟎𝒎𝒎
 Therefore, provide a concrete cover 30mm.
Step [5]. Determine the gross depth (D) of the beam
✓ Assume single arrangement of reinforcement.
Ф𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝐷 = 𝑑 + 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 + Ф𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠 +
2
16
𝐷 = 394.22 + 30 + 8 + = 440.22𝑚𝑚
2
 Take D=450mm and dprov =450-(30+6+16/2) =404mm
Step [6]. Determine the web width(bw) of beam
 Flanged RC Beam Design Example

The ratio of depth (D) to width(b) of the beam should be in between 1.5 to 2.
𝐷 450
Therefore, let assume 𝑏 = 1.5, 𝑏 = = 300𝑚𝑚
𝑤 1.5

 Take b=300mm
Step [7]. Determine the effective width of the beam
Since the beam and slab are casted monolithically, some part of the slab will act as a beam at
around the support beam. The beam is an edge beam, so that it is considered as inverted L-beam.

Length of beam (L)= Leff = 6m

Clear spacing between edge beam-1 and
interior beam (b) =3.1m
Therefore b1 = b/2 = 3.1/2 =1.55m
Now

𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 = ෍ 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓,𝑖 + 𝑏𝑤 ≤ 𝑏

𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓1 = 0.2𝑏1 + 0.1 𝑙𝑜 < 0.2𝑙𝑜

Assuming the end of the beam is fixed end (i.e. fixed support condition)
𝑙0 = 0.7𝐿 = 0.7 ∗ 6 = 4.2𝑚
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓1 = 0.2 × 1.55 + 0.1 × 4.2
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓1 = 0.73𝑚 = 730𝑚𝑚 < 840𝑚𝑚
Effective width of the beam (beff)
𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓,1 + 𝑏𝑤 = 730𝑚𝑚 + 300𝑚𝑚 = 1030𝑚𝑚
 Therefore take beff = 1030mm
Step [8]. Determine the design load on the beam
✓ Characteristics dead load transferred from slab = 20.3KN/m
✓ Characteristics live load transferred from slab = 8.75KN/m
✓ Characteristics weight of exterior wall = 9.6KN/m
 Self-weight of beam (Gk,i) = (ℎ𝑓 ∗ (𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 − 𝑏𝑤 ) + 𝐷 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 )𝛾𝑐 =
= (0.15 ∗ (1.03 − 0.3) + (0.45 ∗ 0.3) ∗ 25 = 𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟓𝑲𝑵/𝒎
Design load (Ed) on beam:
 Flanged RC Beam Design Example

𝐸𝑑 = ෍ 𝛾𝐺 × 𝐺𝑘,𝑖 + ෍ 𝛾𝑄 × 𝑄𝑘

𝐸𝑑 = 1.35 × (20.3 + 9.6 + 6.1125) + 1.5 × (8.75)

𝑬𝒅 = 𝟔𝟏. 𝟕𝟒𝑲𝑵/𝒎
Step [9]. Analyze the beam and determine the internal response of the beam (i.e. Mmax and
Vmax).

Since the beam is an interior span beam or fixed support beam, it is difficult to determine the
maximum shear and bending moment using equilibrium equation only. So that other methods
such as slope deflection, moment distribution, Kani’s method and/or using package software
such as SAP or ETABS.
Using SAP-2000 V-14, the BM and SF diagrams are shown as below;
 Flanged RC Beam Design Example

Design of Beam for Flexure

From the SAP-result

MEd = 185.22KN.m) → Negative moment at support
MEd = 92.61KN.m → positive moment at mid-span
Check the depth of beam for positive moment
Check the effective depth used for maximum design moment (Kx,max =0.448)

𝑀𝐸𝑑
𝑑𝑢 ≥ √
0.8𝑓𝑐𝑑 ∗ 𝑏𝑤 ∗ 𝐾𝑥,𝑚𝑎𝑥 (1 − 0.4 ∗ 𝐾𝑥,𝑚𝑎𝑥 )

92.61 ∗ 106
𝑑𝑢 ≥ √ = 248.45𝑚𝑚
0.8 ∗ 17 ∗ 300 ∗ 0.448(1 − 0.4 ∗ 0.448)

𝑑𝑢 = 248.45𝑚𝑚 ≪ 𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 404𝑚𝑚 →→ 𝑂𝑘!

Area of reinforcement required to resist positive design moment (MEd).
𝑴𝑬𝒅 = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟔𝟏𝑲𝑵. 𝒎 , 𝒃 = 𝒃𝒆𝒇𝒇 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟎𝒎𝒎

1 4𝑀𝑑
𝐾𝑥 = ∗ (𝐶1 − √𝐶12 − )
2 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝑑 2 𝐶2

Where C1 =2.5 and C2 = 0.32fcd = 0.32*17=5.44Mpa

 Flanged RC Beam Design Example

1 4(92.61 ∗ 106 )
√ 2
𝐾𝑥 = ∗ (2.5 − 2.5 − ) = 0.041
2 1030 ∗ 4042 ∗ 5.44

Check the beam whether flanged beam or rectangular beam

𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 𝑑 = 0.041 × 404 = 16.56𝑚𝑚 < ℎ𝑓 = 150𝑚𝑚

Therefore the beam is designed as rectangular beam.

𝑘𝑥 0.041
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝑝𝑏𝑑 = 𝑏𝑑 = ( ) ∗ 1030 ∗ 404 = 580.3𝑚𝑚2
𝑚 29.4
Check the minimum and maximum area of reinforcement
0.26𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 0.26∗2.9
𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = ∗ 300 ∗ 404 = 198.66𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { 𝑓𝑦𝑘 460
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.0013 ∗ 300 ∗ 404 = 157.56𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 198.66𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04 ∗ 300 ∗ 450 = 5400𝑚𝑚2
 Therefore, 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 198.66𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 580.3𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 5400𝑚𝑚2 → 𝑂𝑘!
Ast, req = 𝑨𝒔𝒕 = 𝟓𝟖𝟎. 𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒓𝒆𝒒
Determine the number of reinforcement (n) = 𝒂𝒔𝒕

Assumed rebar Area of single Number of Area provided Remark

diameter (Ф) 𝜋Ф
rebar(ast)= 4
2
rebars (n) 𝑛𝜋Ф2
(Ast,Prov)= 4
16mm 201.062mm2 2.9 » 603.2mm2 Economical
provide 3 bars
14mm 153.94 mm2 3.77 » 615.76mm2 Economical
provide 4 bars
12mm 113.1mm2 5.13» 678.6mm2 Uneconomical
provide 6 bars

 Therefore, provide 3 Ф16mm

 Flanged RC Beam Design Example

Check the width of beam for reinforcement arrangement based on spacing of bars
recommended by the code.
Let assume aggregate size used as 19mm
𝑘1 ∗ (∅𝑏𝑎𝑟 ) 16𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝐻 = { 𝑑𝑔 + 5 = {19 + 5 = 24𝑚𝑚 → 24𝑚𝑚
20𝑚𝑚 20𝑚𝑚
𝑏 − 2(𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟) = 𝑛∅ + (𝑛 − 1)𝑆𝐻
300 − 2(30) = 𝑛(16) + (𝑛 − 1) ∗ 24
264 = 40𝑛
𝒏 = 𝟔. 𝟔 ≈ 𝟔Ф𝟏𝟔𝒎𝒎 𝒓𝒆𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 > 𝟑 Ф𝟏𝟔𝒎𝒎 → 𝑺𝒂𝒇𝒆
Area of reinforcement required to resist positive design moment (MEd).
𝑴𝑬𝒅 = 𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟐𝟐𝑲𝑵. 𝒎 (−𝒗𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕)
At the support, the top fiber of the beam will be under tension while the bottom is under
compression, so the beam is considered as rectangular beam.

1 4𝑀𝑑
𝐾𝑥 = ∗ (𝐶1 − √𝐶12 − )
2 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 2 𝐶2

Where C1 =2.5 and C2 = 0.32fcd = 0.32*17=5.44Mpa

1 4(185.22 ∗ 106 )
𝐾𝑥 = ∗ (2.5 − √2.52 − ) = 0.319
2 300 ∗ 4042 ∗ 5.44

𝐾𝑥 = 0.319 < 0.448 → 𝑂𝑘!

𝑘𝑥 0.319
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝑝𝑏𝑑 = 𝑏𝑑 = ( ) ∗ 300 ∗ 404 = 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟓. 𝟏𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑚 29.4
Check the minimum and maximum area of reinforcement
 Flanged RC Beam Design Example

0.26𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 0.26∗2.9
𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = ∗ 300 ∗ 404 = 198.66𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 { 𝑓𝑦𝑘 460
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.0013 ∗ 300 ∗ 404 = 157.56𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 198.66𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04 ∗ 300 ∗ 450 = 5400𝑚𝑚2
 Therefore, 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 198.66𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟓. 𝟏𝒎𝒎𝟐 < 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 5400𝑚𝑚2 → 𝑂𝑘!
Ast, req = 𝑨𝒔𝒕 = 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟓. 𝟏𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑨𝒔𝒕,𝒓𝒆𝒒
Determine the number of reinforcement (n) = 𝒂𝒔𝒕

Assumed rebar Area of single Number of Area provided Remark

diameter (Ф) 𝜋Ф2
rebar(ast)= 4 rebars (n) 𝑛𝜋Ф2
(Ast,Prov)= 4
24mm 452.4mm2 2.9 » 1357.2mm2 Economical
provide 3 bars
2
20mm 314.16mm 4.2 » 1570.8 mm2 Uneconomical
provide 5 bars
2
16mm 201.062mm 6.5 » 1407.4mm2 Economical
provide 7 bars

 Therefore, provide 3 Ф24mm

Check the width of beam for reinforcement arrangement based on spacing of bars
recommended by the code.
Let assume aggregate size used as 19mm
𝑘1 ∗ (∅𝑏𝑎𝑟 ) 24𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝐻 = { 𝑑𝑔 + 5 = {19 + 5 = 24𝑚𝑚 ⇒ 24𝑚𝑚
20𝑚𝑚 20𝑚𝑚
𝑏 − 2(𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟) = 𝑛∅ + (𝑛 − 1)𝑆𝐻
300 − 2(30) = 𝑛(24) + (𝑛 − 1) ∗ 24
264 = 48𝑛
𝒏 = 𝟓. 𝟓 ≈ 𝟓Ф𝟏𝟔𝒎𝒎 𝒓𝒆𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 > 𝟑 Ф𝟐𝟒𝒎𝒎 → 𝑺𝒂𝒇𝒆
Area of reinforcement at top fiber at the mid span
At least 30% of the negative reinforcement should be span from support to support.
 Provide 2Ø24mm

Shear Design
 Flanged RC Beam Design Example

SAP-2000 V14 Output

Vmax = 185.22KN and Vcr = 160.277KN
Check concrete section shear capacity
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘(100𝑝1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 )3 ] 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 ≥ [𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑

200
• 𝑘 = 1 + √404 = 1.70 ≤ 2.0, → 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑘 = 1.70 with d in mm
3𝜋×162 /4
• 𝑝1 = = 0.005 ≤ 0.02, → 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑝1 = 0.005
300∗404

• CRd,c =0.18/ɣc =0.18/1.5 = 0.12

3 1
• 2
𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035𝑘 2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.035 × √1.73 × √30 = 0.426
𝑁𝐸𝐷
• 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = = 0 < 0.2𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 3.4𝑀𝑝𝑎 , 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = 0 and K1 = 0.15
𝐴𝑐
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [0.12 × 1.7(100 × 0.005 × 30)3 ] 300 × 404 ≥ [0.426 + 0] × 300 × 404

𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 61.00𝐾𝑁 > 51.63𝐾𝑁 → 𝑂𝑘!

𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒄 = 𝟔𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑵 < 𝑽𝒄𝒓 = 𝑽𝑬𝒅 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟕𝑲𝑵
 Therefore, the beam needs shear reinforcement.
Diagonal compression check of concrete
𝑏𝑤 𝑧 𝑣1 𝑓𝑐𝑑
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑐𝑜𝑡 + tan
Where
• 𝑏𝑤 =300mm 𝑍 = 0.9d = 0.9 × 404 = 363.6𝑚𝑚
• 𝑣1 =0.6 and  limited as 1 ≤ 𝐂𝐨𝐭 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟓 take 𝒄𝒐𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟓
𝑏𝑤 𝑧 𝑣1 𝑓𝑐𝑑 300 × 363.6 × 0.6 × 17
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 383.66𝐾𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑡 + tan 1
2.5 +
2.5
𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟑𝟖𝟑. 𝟔𝟔𝑲𝑵 > 𝑽𝑬𝒅 = 𝟏𝟔𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟕𝑲𝑵 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝑶𝒌!
Determine the required shear reinforcement
𝐴𝑠𝑤
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑠 = 𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 cot 
𝑆
1
Since, VRd,max > VEd , take 𝑐𝑜𝑡 = 2.5 ,  = tan−1 (2.5) = 220
82
Area of shear reinforcement (Asw) =2 × 𝜋 × = 100.53𝑚𝑚2
4

𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 = 0.8𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 368𝑀𝑝𝑎

 Flanged RC Beam Design Example

𝐴𝑠𝑤 𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡 100.53 × 363.6 × 368 × 2.5

𝑆= = = 𝟑𝟑𝟖. 𝟕𝒎𝒎
𝑉𝐸𝑑 − 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝐶 (160.277 − 61.0)103
Minimum Shear Reinforcement (Asw, min)
𝐴𝑠𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑝𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑆 𝑏𝑤 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
Where
(0.08√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ) 0.08×√30
𝑝𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00095 and for vertical reinforcement  =900
𝑓𝑦𝑘 460

𝐴𝑠𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 100.53
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =( ) = 𝟑𝟓𝟏. 𝟖𝒎𝒎
𝑝𝑤,𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑤 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 0.00095 × 300𝑠𝑖𝑛90
The maximum longitudinal spacing between shear assemblies should not exceed
𝑺𝒍,𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝒅(𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜶) , 𝑺𝒍,𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟒𝟎𝟒(𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟗𝟎) = 𝟑𝟎𝟑𝒎𝒎
 Therefore take Smax = 300mm and provide Ø8 C/C 300mm
Structural Detail