MATERI AJAR
“CONDITIONAL SENTENCE”
Pengertian Conditional Sentence Secara sederhana, conditional sentence merupakan
kalimat majemuk yang berisikan kondisi mengenai sebuah pengandaian, imajinasi, atau suatu
kejadian yang belum terjadi. Dalam kalimat Bahasa Inggris, kalimat pengandaian ini diawali
dengan ‘if’ sebagai penanda bahwa kondisinya memang belum terjadi. Bentuk conditional
sentence adalah “If-clause + main clause.” Jika kamu perhatikan, if clause merupakan bagian
dari kalimat pengandaiannya. Sedangkan main clause, biasanya berisi konsekuensi atau
akibat dari kondisi pengandaian sebelumnya.
Tipe-Tipe Conditonal Sentence Conditional sentence dibagi menjadi beberapa tipe. Di
antaranya adalah:
1. Conditional sentence type 0 Tipe ini biasanya disebut sebagai zero conditional
sentences. Tipe kalimat ini digunakan ketika hasil atau konsekuensi dari kondisi
terwujud alias memaparkan sebuah kebeneran (general truth) dan fakta ilmiah.
Kalimat ini biasanya berbentuk present tense dengan rumus: if + simple present,
simple present. Contoh kalimat (berdasarkan contoh dari grammarly.com): If we
burn paper, it becomes ash.
2. Conditional sentence type 1 First conditional sentence merupakan bentuk kalimat
pengandaian yang digunakan ketika hasil atau konsekuensi memiliki kemungkinan
untuk terjadi di masa depan. Hal ini bisa terjadi karena masih ada kondisi realistik
yang masuk akal untuk kemungkinan terjadi. Maka dari itu, bentuk kalimat dari
conditional sentence tipe pertama ini memiliki bentuk kalimat simple future alias
kalimat yang akan datang. Rumus dari kalimat ini adalah: if + simple present, simple
future “will” / imperative dan contohnya adalah: If I meet him, I will introduce
myself.
3. Conditional sentence type 2 Second conditional sentences merupakan tipe kalimat
pengandaian yang digunakan ketika hasil atau konsekuensi hanya memiliki harapan
terwujud walaupun kemungkinannya sangat kecil. Jadi bisa dikatakan kalau kalimat
pengandaian tipe kedua ini belum tentu terjadi namun juga bisa menjadi kenyataan.
Dalam bentuk kalimat ini, rumus yang digunakan adalah if + simple past/were,
would/could/might + bare infinitive. Penggunaan would/could/might berfungsi
untuk menjelaskan seberapa besar sebuah kondisi itu akan terjadi. Contohnya: If it
rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day. If I were you, I’d tell him the truth.
4. Conditional sentence type 3 Third conditional sentence merupakan sebuah kalimat
pengandaian ketika sebuah kondisi tidak mungkin terwujud sama sekali. Hal ini bisa
digambarkan karena kondisi yang sangat mustahil atau hanya sebuah mimpi atau
imajinasi. Dalam tipe kalimat pengandaian yang ketiga ini, bentuk kalimat
menggunaka past perfect yang dilengkapi dengan modal auxiliary seperti would,
could, dan should. Rumus yang digunakan adalah if + past perfect,
would/should/could/might + have + past participle. Contoh kalimat: If you had
remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party. If I had locked the car,
the thief wouldn’t have stolen my car.
PRACTICE 1 Conditional Sentences Test
Change the word in the brackets with the most suitable conditional if form!
1. If you (drink). . . . . . coffee too much, you (stay). . . . . . . awake all night.
2. She would have graduated from her college, if she (finish) . . . . . . . . . her thesis.
3. People are sad, when they (lose) . . . . . . . their close friend.
4. If we (work) . . . . . . hard, we will get what we want.
5. It will be easier to speak English, if you (have) . . . . . . . many vocabularies.
6. If he (finish) . . . . . . . his study, he wouldn't have been a homeless.
7. She will be a successful man, if she never (stop) . . . . . . learning.
8. The pollution (increase) . . . . . . ., when the number of car (rise) . . . . . .
9. I would buy a yacht, if I (be) . . . . . . . a millionaire.
10. If we (be) . . . . . . . a king and a queen of United Kingdom, we would live in a huge
palace.
PRACTICE 2 Conditional Sentences Test
Choose the correct clause for the if clauses below!
1. If we had not left her, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. she would reject us.
b. she wouldn't have rejected us.
c. she will reject us.
2. If he applies the job, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. he gets the job.
b. he will get the job.
c. he would get the job.
3. If you heat the ice, . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. the ice will melt.
b. the ice melts.
c. the ice would have melted.
4. If you are loyal, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. the company will give you a new contract.
b. the company would give you a new contract.
c. the company gives you a new contract.
5. If we were rock stars, . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. we would perform on a big stage.
b. we will perform on a big stage.
c. we would have performed on a big stage.
6. When you are tired, . . . . . . . . . . .
a. you got sleepy easily.
b. you would get sleepy easily.
c. you get sleepy easily.
7. If she had never used drugs, . . . . . . . . . . .
a. her life would never be ruin.
b. her life would never been ruin.
c. her life will be ruin.
8. If we come earlier, . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. we get the front seat.
b. we would get the front seat.
c. we will get the front seat.
9. If we see the sun in the middle of the day, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. it will be dazzling.
b. it would be dazzling.
c. it's dazzling.
10. If he rode his motorcycle carefully, . . . . . . . . . .
a. he wouldn't have had the accident.
b. he wouldn't have the accident.
c. he won't have the accident.
PRACTICE 3 Conditional Sentences Test
Imagine if you are in the following situations, what would you do?
1. If I were an Hollywood actor/ actress, I would . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. If I had a high speed internet connection, I would . . . . . . . . . .
3. If I had a lot of money, I would . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. If I were a president, I would . . . . . . . . . . .
5. If I met my favorite idol, I would . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. If I became a guest of a famous talk show, I would . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. If I could fly, I would . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. If I were a genius engineer, I would . . . . . . . . . . .
9. If I could turn back time, I would . . . . . . . . . . .
10. If I had billion of followers on social media, I would . . . . . . . . . .
