1. Q: What is the principal focus of a concave mirror?
A: The point on the principal axis where parallel rays of light converge after reflection.
2. Q: Name the mirror used by dentists to examine teeth.
A: Concave mirror.
3. Q: What type of image is formed by a convex mirror?
A: Virtual, erect, and diminished.
4. Q: What is the speed of light in vacuum?
A: 3 × 108 m/s.
5. Q: What is the mirror formula?
A: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u
6. Q: What does the refractive index of a medium indicate?
A: It indicates how much the speed of light is reduced in the medium compared to vacuum.
7. Q: Name the phenomenon responsible for the bending of light when it travels from one medium to
another.
A: Refraction.
8. Q: What is the unit of power of a lens?
A: Dioptre (D).
9. Q: If the image formed by a mirror is virtual, erect and smaller than the object, what type of mirror
is it?
A: Convex mirror.
10. Q: Which lens is thicker at the centre than at the edges?
A: Convex lens.
11. Q: What is the focal length of a plane mirror?
A: Infinite.
12. Q: What type of image is formed by a concave mirror when the object is placed between the
pole and focus?
A: Virtual, erect, and magnified.
13. Q: Name the lens that is used to correct myopia (short-sightedness).
A: Concave lens.
14. Q: What is the sign convention for the focal length of a convex lens?
A: Positive.
15. Q: Which type of mirror always forms a virtual image regardless of the position of the object?
A: Convex mirror.
16. Q: What happens to a ray of light when it passes through the optical centre of a lens?
A: It passes undeviated.
17. Q: Write the lens formula.
A: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
18. Q: If the refractive index of water is 1.33, what does it mean?
A: Light travels 1.33 times faster in vacuum than in water.
19. Q: What kind of image is formed on the retina of a human eye?
A: Real and inverted.
20. Q: Name the mirror used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles.
A: Convex mirror.
21. Q: What is the radius of curvature of a spherical mirror equal to?
A: Twice the focal length.
22. Q: Which lens converges parallel rays of light to a point?
A: Convex lens.
23. Q: Name the point where the parallel rays appear to diverge from in a convex mirror.
A: Principal focus.
24. Q: What is the magnification (m) formula for mirrors?
A: m = -v/u
25. Q: What kind of image is formed by a convex lens when the object is at 2F?
A: Real, inverted and same size.
26. Q: What is the nature of the image formed by a concave mirror when the object is at the centre
of curvature?
A: Real, inverted and same size.
27. Q: State the relation between focal length and radius of curvature.
A: f = R/2
28. Q: Which lens has a negative focal length?
A: Concave lens.
29. Q: What is the power of a lens of focal length 50 cm?
A: P = 100/f = 100/50 = +2 D
30. Q: What happens to the image formed by a convex lens as the object moves from infinity
towards the lens?
A: The image moves from focus to beyond 2F and becomes larger.
31. Q: Which mirror is used in solar concentrators?
A: Concave mirror.
32. Q: What is meant by lateral inversion in a plane mirror?
A: The left and right sides of an image appear reversed.
33. Q: Name the part of a mirror where all the reflection appears to originate from.
A: The pole.
34. Q: What kind of image is formed by a plane mirror?
A: Virtual, erect, and same size.
35. Q: What is the unit of magnification?
A: It has no unit (it's a ratio).
36. Q: What happens to the size of the image in a concave mirror as the object moves closer to the
mirror from infinity?
A: The image size increases.
37. Q: Name the point on the mirror surface where the principal axis meets it.
A: Pole.
38. Q: What is the angle of incidence when a ray of light falls normally on a surface?
A: 0 degrees.
39. Q: Which lens forms always a virtual and erect image, irrespective of the object position?
A: Concave lens.
40. Q: What is meant by refraction of light?
A: The bending of light when it passes from one medium to another.
