Maths 4 Mastery – By Gobe ■ for Greenie ■
Includes All Formulas + Most Important Questions Unit-wise
Unit 1 – Partial Differential Equations – Formulas
• ∂z/∂x + ∂z/∂y = 0 (First order linear PDE)
• Lagrange’s Eq: Pp + Qq = R, where p=∂z/∂x, q=∂z/∂y
• General solution: φ(u,v) = 0, where u and v are obtained by solving dx/P = dy/Q = dz/R
• Higher order PDE: a∂²z/∂x² + b∂²z/∂x∂y + c∂²z/∂y² + ... = F(x, y)
Unit 1 – Partial Differential Equations – Important Questions
• Derive the Lagrange’s equation and solve a given example.
• Classify and solve a first order linear PDE.
• Solve a second-order PDE with constant coefficients.
Unit 2 – Applications of PDEs (Most Important) – Formulas
• Heat Eq: ∂u/∂t = α²∂²u/∂x²
• Wave Eq: ∂²u/∂t² = c²∂²u/∂x²
• Laplace Eq: ∂²u/∂x² + ∂²u/∂y² = 0
• Fourier Transform: F(k) = ∫f(x)e^(-2πikx)dx
• Inverse FT: f(x) = ∫F(k)e^(2πikx)dk
• Convolution Thm: FT(f*g) = FT(f)·FT(g)
Unit 2 – Applications of PDEs (Most Important) – Important Questions
• State and solve one-dimensional heat equation using separation of variables.
• State and solve wave equation using Fourier method.
• Apply Fourier cosine/sine transform to solve PDE.
• Explain convolution theorem and its application.
• Solve Laplace’s equation in 2D using appropriate boundary conditions.
Unit 3 – Correlation and Regression – Formulas
• Karl Pearson’s Correlation: r = Σ(x - x■)(y - ■) / √(Σ(x - x■)² Σ(y - ■)²)
• Rank Correlation (Spearman): r = 1 - (6Σd²)/(n(n² - 1))
• Regression Line of Y on X: Y = a + bX, b = r(σy/σx)
• Regression Line of X on Y: X = a + bY, b = r(σx/σy)
Unit 3 – Correlation and Regression – Important Questions
• Define correlation. Derive Pearson’s correlation coefficient formula.
• Explain the method to compute rank correlation coefficient.
• Find the regression lines for given data.
Unit 4 – Probability and Distributions – Formulas
• P(A ∩ B) = P(A) · P(B), if A and B are independent
• E(X) = ΣxP(x) (discrete), E(X) = ∫x f(x) dx (continuous)
• Variance: Var(X) = E(X²) - [E(X)]²
• Binomial: P(X = r) = nCr · p^r · (1-p)^(n-r)
• Poisson: P(X = r) = e^(-λ) · λ^r / r!
• Normal: f(x) = (1 / √(2πσ²)) · e^(-(x - µ)² / 2σ²)
Unit 4 – Probability and Distributions – Important Questions
• Explain discrete and continuous random variables with examples.
• State and derive the mean and variance of Binomial Distribution.
• Write properties of Normal Distribution.
• Differentiate between PMF and PDF.
Unit 5 – Sampling, Hypothesis & SQC – Formulas
• Z-test: Z = (x■ - µ) / (σ / √n)
• t-test: t = (x■ - µ) / (s / √n), s = sample std. deviation
• Chi-square: χ² = Σ[(O - E)² / E]
• Control chart limits: UCL = x■ + A2R■, LCL = x■ - A2R■
• p-chart: p ± 3√[p(1-p)/n], c-chart: c ± 3√c
Unit 5 – Sampling, Hypothesis & SQC – Important Questions
• Explain null and alternative hypothesis with an example.
• Differentiate between z-test and t-test.
• Write steps of hypothesis testing.
• Explain statistical quality control using X■ and R charts.
