LAB Manual
PART A
(PART A : TO BE REFFERED BY STUDENTS)
Experiment No. 03
A.1 Aim:
Implementing image enhancement using Histogram techniques
a. Finding histogram of an image
c. Histogram equalization
A.2 Prerequisite:
1 MATLAB programming syntax (Refer the MATLAB manual).
2.Knowledge of histogram processing operations.
3. Availability of Soft copy of your Photograph for experiment.
A.3 Outcome:
After successful completion of this experiment students will be able to
Compute and analyze effects of various image transformation techniques of spatial domain.
A.4 Theory:
An image histogram is a type of histogram that acts as a graphical representation of the tonal
distribution in a digital image. It plots the number of pixels for each tonal value. By looking
at the histogram for a specific image a viewer will be able to judge the entire tonal
distribution at a glance.
Image histograms are present on many modern digital cameras. Photographers can use them
as an aid to show the distribution of tones captured, and whether image detail has been lost to
blown-out highlights or blacked-out shadows. This is less useful when using a raw image
format, as the dynamic range of the displayed image may only be an approximation to that in
the raw file.
The horizontal axis of the graph represents the tonal variations, while the vertical axis
represents the number of pixels in that particular tone. The left side of the horizontal axis
represents the black and dark areas, the middle represents medium grey and the right hand
side represents light and pure white areas. The vertical axis represents the size of the area that
is captured in each one of these zones. Thus, the histogram for a very dark image will have
the majority of its data points on the left side and centre of the graph. Conversely, the
histogram for a very bright image with few dark areas and/or shadows will have most of its
data points on the right side and centre of the graph.
A.5 Procedure/Algorithm:
1. Read grey scale image in one variable
2. Use the function imhist to plot histogram of image
3. Analyze the histogram plotted in step two and conclude the nature of image (Dark,
Bright, Low Contrast)
4. Use the function histeq to equalize the histogram of image read in step 1
5. Conclude the final result.
PART B
(PART B : TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENTS)
(Students must submit the soft copy as per following segments
within two hours of the practical. The soft copy must be uploaded
on the web portal or emailed to the concerned lab in charge
faculties at the end of the practical in case the there is no Wb
portal access available)
Roll No. Name:
Class : Batch :
Date of Experiment: Date of Submission
Grade :
B.1 Software Code written by student:
(Paste your Matlab code completed during the 2 hours of practical in the
lab here)
B.2 Input and Output:
(Paste your program input and output in following format, If there is error
then paste the specific error in the output part. In case of error with due
permission of the faculty extension can be given to submit the error free
code with output in due course of time. Students will be graded
accordingly.)
Input Images: Your photographs
Output:
1. Output Image for histogram processing operation
performed on input image.
B.3 Observations and learning:
(Students are expected to comment on the output obtained with clear
observations and learning for each task/ sub part assigned)
B.4 Conclusion:
(Students must write the conclusion as per the attainment of individual
outcome listed above and learning/observation noted in section B.3)
B.5 Question of Curiosity
(To be answered by student based on the practical performed and
learning/observations)
What is the logic of histogram equalization?
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