BOTANY

th
12 NEET

ECOSYSTEM

1 | Page
 VIDYAPEETH
Ecosystem
DPP-1
[Ecosystem: Major Ecosystems, Structure and Function (Abiotic
and Biotic Components)]
1. An Ecosystem is a: 4. The basic requirement for any ecosystem
(1) Group of components that interact to function and sustain is:
with one another (1) respiration
(2) Group of interacting species in one (2) decomposition
place at one time (3) a constant input of solar energy
(3) Biological community and (4) unidirectional flow of energy in
component of the physical food chain
environment with which the
community interacts 5. Which of these is a man made
ecosystem?
(4) Group of interacting chemicals and
(1) Pond
their cycles
(2) Estuary
(3) Crop fields
2. It is convenient to divide the global
(4) Grassland
system into two basic categories since it
is too big and complex to study at one
6. Artificial ecosystem is:
time. What are these two categories? (1) Forest
(1) Natural and man-made ecosystems (2) Grassland
(2) Biotic and abiotic ecosystems (3) Fresh water lake
(3) Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (4) Aquarium
(4) Both (2) and (3)
7. The free swimming and bottom dwelling
3. Ecosystem term was proposed by: forms are ____ of an ecosystem.
(1) Tansley (1) autotrophic components
(2) Reiter (2) consumers
(3) Carl Mobius (3) decomposers
(4) Sukhachev (4) Both (1) and (2)
2 | Page
8. The role of an organism in the ecological 13. Match the following columns and select
system is known as: the correct option.
(1) Habitat Column-I Column-II
(2) Herbivory A. Terrestrial I. Aquarium and
ecosystems crop-fields
(3) Niche
B. Aquatic II. Pond, lake,
(4) Interaction ecosystems wetland, river
C. Man-made III. Forest,
9. Decomposers are: ecosystems grassland
(1) submerged plants. (1) A-I, B-II, C-III
(2) zooplanktons. (2) A-II, B-I, C-III
(3) A-III, B-I, C-II
(3) fishes.
(4) A-III, B-II, C-I
(4) bacteria and fungi.
14. Statement-I: In an ecosystem, abiotic
10. PAR stands for: factors include the living components.
(1) photosynthesis Active Reaction. Statement-II: In an ecosystem biotic
(2) photosynthesis Absorb Radiation. factors include the non-living components.
(3) photosynthesis Active Radiation. (1) Both statements I and II are correct.
(2) Statement I is correct but
(4) photosynthetically Active Radiat-
statement II is incorrect.
ion. (3) Statement I is incorrect but
statement II is correct.
11. Energy and nutrients enter a community (4) Both statements I and II are incorrect.
through:
(1) producers 15. Assertion (A): Ecosystem is an open system.
Reason (R): It receives input of solar
(2) primary consumers
energy and nutrients from external
(3) decomposers source.
(4) sunlight (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
are true, and Reason (R) is a correct
12. Conversion of inorganic substances into explanation of Assertion (A).
organic material with the help of radiant (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
energy is done by: are true, but Reason (R) is not a
correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(1) autotrophs only
(3) Assertion (A) is true, Reason (R) is
(2) both autotrophs and decomposers false.
(3) consumers only (4) Assertion (A) is false, and Reason
(4) heterotrophs only (R) is true.
3 | Page
 DPP-2
[Structure of Pond Ecosystem, Ecosystem -Function, Productivity,
Decomposition]
1. Net primary productivity (NPP) is: 6. Which one of the following is not a
(1) GPP + R = NPP functional unit of an ecosystem?
(2) GPP – R = NPP (1) Stratification
(3) GPP + R + PP = NPP (2) Energy flow
(4) GPP + R – SP = NPP (3) Decomposition
(4) Productivity
2. Rate of biomass production is called:
(1) secondary productivity 7. NPP means:
(2) productivity (1) gross primary product.
(2) biomass produced by producers.
(3) decomposition
(3) available biomass for the
(4) mineralisation
consumption of heterotrophs.
(4) All of these
3. The process of accumulation of a dark
colored amorphous substances that is 8. Ecosystem having the highest primary
highly resistant to microbial action and productivity is:
undergoes decomposition at an (1) pond (2) ocean
extremely slow rate is called: (3) desert (4) forest
(1) Mineralization
(2) Humification 9. Which one of the following process help
(3) Organization the water soluble inorganic nutrients go
(4) Transformation down in the soil horizon and get
precipitated as unavailable salts?
4. The autotrophic components of the pond (1) Fragmentation
ecosystem include: (2) Leaching
(3) Catabolism
(1) phytoplanktons
(4) Humification
(2) some algae
(3) floating, submerged and marginal
10. Productivity at the second trophic level is
plants found at the edges.
always:
(4) All of the above (1) greater than the productivity at the
first trophic level.
5. The annual net primary productivity of (2) less than the productivity at the first
land is about: trophic level.
(1) 170 billion tons (3) equals to the productivity at the first
(2) 70 billion tons trophic level.
(3) 55 billion tons (4) extremely variable compared to the
(4) 115 billion tons productivity at the first trophic level.
4 | Page
11. The correct order of the process of (1) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
decomposition is: (2) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
(1) Catabolism - Fragmentation - (3) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
Leaching - Humification - (4) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
Mineralisation
(2) Catabolism - Fragmentation -
Humification Leaching - 14. Statement-I: Primary productivity
Mineralisation depends on the plant species inhabiting a
(3) Fragmentation - Humification - particular area.
Catabolism Leaching - Statement-II: Primary productivity does
Mineralisation not depend on availability of nutrients.
(4) Fragmentation - Leaching - (1) Both statements I and II are correct
Catabolism - Humification -
(2) Statement I is correct but
Mineralisation
statement II is incorrect
12. Find the incorrect statement. (3) Statement I is incorrect but
(1) Primary productivity varies in statement II is correct
different types of ecosystem. (4) Both statements I and II are
(2) A considerable amount of GPP is incorrect.
utilized by plants in respiration.
(3) Pond is a self-sustainable unit. 15. Assertion (A): The decomposition rate
(4) Trees occupy the second vertical of lignin and chitin is slow in colder
strata or layer of a forest.
climates.
Reason (R): The rate of decomposition
13. Match the columns I and II select the
correct option. is controlled by chemical and climatic
Column I Column II factors.
A Break down of detritus I. Leaching (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
into smaller particles are true, and Reason (R) is a correct
B Water soluble in- II. Fragment- explanation of Assertion (A).
organic nutrients go ation (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
down into soil horizon are true, but Reason (R) is not a
C Bacterial and fungal III Cataboli-
.
correct explanation of Assertion
enzymes degrade sm
(A).
detritus into simpler
inorganic substances. (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
D Humus is further IV Mineraliz- (R) is false.
)
degraded by some .
ation (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
microbes and release are false.
of inorganic nutrients.
5 | Page
 DPP-3
[Ecosystem Function: Energy Flow, Food Chain, Food Web]
1. Food chain refers to: 6. Trophic levels are formed by:
(1) number of humans forming a chain (1) only plants
for food. (2) only carnivores
(2) animals gathered near a source of (3) only animals
food. (4) organisms linked in food chain
(3) transfer of energy from producers to
consumers. 7. Path of energy flow in an ecosystem is:
(4) None of the above
(1) Herbivorous → producer →
carnivorous → decomposer
2. In an ecosystem, organism occupies a
specific place in a food chain which is (2) Herbivorous → carnivorous →
called as: producer → decomposer
(1) Strata (3) Producer → carnivorous →
(2) Layer herbivorous → decomposer
(3) Trophic level (4) Producer → herbivorous →
(4) Standing crop carnivorous → decomposer

3. Which of the following represents simple 8. Identify the possible line “A” in the
GFC (Grazing Food Chain)? following food chain: Plant → insect →
(1) Grass → Goat → Man frog → “A” → Eagle:
(2) Goat → Grass → Man (1) Parrot
(3) Detritus → Fungi → Man (2) Rabbit
(4) Fungi → Detritus → Grass (3) Wolf
(4) Cobra
4. A much larger fraction of energy flows in
a terrestrial ecosystem through:
9. Which one of the following pairs belongs
(1) grazing food chain
(2) detritus food chain to the category of primary consumers?
(3) Both (1) and (2) (1) Insects and cattles
(4) food web (2) Eagle and snakes
(3) Insects and snakes
5. A food web: (4) Snakes and frogs
(1) is more real than food chain
(2) consists of a number of food chains 10. Which one of the following animals may
interlinked at various trophic levels occupy more than one trophic levels in
(3) provides a number of alternate food the same ecosystem at the same time?
consumers. (1) Sparrow (2) Lion
(4) All of the above (3) Goat (4) Frog
6 | Page
 14. Statement-I: Unidirectional flow of
11.
energy occurs from the sun to producers
The trophic level occupied by fishes, and then to consumers.
zooplankton, man and phytoplanktons Statement-II: No energy that is trapped
are respectively: into an organism remains in it for ever.
(1) B, A, D, C (2) C, D, B, A (1) Both statements I and II are
(3) C, B, D, A (4) C, B, A, D correct.
(2) Statement I is correct but
12. If 10,000 Joule of energy is assimilated statement II is incorrect.
by producers in an ecosystem than how (3) Statement I is incorrect but
much amount of energy will be present in statement II is correct.
biomass of tertiary consumer: (4) Both statements I and II are
(1) 100 Joule incorrect.
(2) 1000 Joule
(3) 10 Joule
15. Assertion (A): In a grazing food chain,
(4) 10,000 Joule
herbivores obtain only 100 KJ of energy
after consuming plants of 1000 KJ.
13. Match List-I with List-II and select
Reason (R): Only 10 percent of the
correct answer;
energy is transformed to each trophic
List-I List-II
level from the lower trophic level.
A. Primary I. Phytoplankton
consumer (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
B. Primary II. Small fish are true and Reason (R) is a correct
producer explanation of Assertion (A).
C. Secondary III. Zooplankton (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
consumer are true but Reason (R) is not a
D. Tertiary IV. Fish eating correct explanation of Assertion
consumer bird (A).
(1) A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
(2) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV (R) is false.
(3) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
(4) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV are false.

7 | Page
 DPP-4
[Ecological Pyramids: Pyramid of Numbers, Pyramid of Biomass,
Pyramid of Energy, Limitations of Ecological Pyramids]
1. Pyramid of energy is always________. 5. Find the correct option.
(1) upright (1) Ecological pyramids does not take
(2) inverted into account the same species
(3) parabolic belonging to two or more trophic
(4) sigmoid levels.
(2) Saprophytes are given specific place
2. in ecological pyramids.
(3) In most ecosystems, all the
pyramids, of number, of energy and
biomass are inverted.
(4) All the above statements are correct.
The above diagram represents,
(1) pyramid of biomass only 6. Which of the following represent the
(2) pyramid of numbers only limitations of ecological pyramids?
(3) Both (1) and (2) (1) Saprophytes are not given any place
(4) pyramid of energy only in ecological pyramids even though
they play a vital role in the
3. Which inverted pyramid is observed in a
ecosystem.
sea or pond ecosystem?
(2) It does not accommodate a food
(1) Pyramid of biomass
web.
(2) Pyramid of number
(3) It assumes a simple food chain.
(3) Age structure
(4) All of the above.
(4) Ecological succession

7. In an upright pyramid of biomass the

4. herbivores generally occupy which of the
following position?
(1) First position
(2) Second position
(3) Third position
The above diagram represents: (4) Fourth position
(1) Pyramid of number
(2) Pyramid of biomass 8. Pyramid of biomass of forest system is:
(3) Pyramid of energy (1) inverted (2) upright
(4) None of the above (3) irregular (4) regular
8 | Page
9. Construction of ecological pyramids does 13. Match List-I with List-II and select
not require? correct answer.
(1) Rate of energy flow List-I List-II
(2) Fresh weight A. Pyramid of I. Always
energy upright
(3) Dry weight
B. 10% law of II. Lindemann
(4) Number of individuals
energy
transfer
10. Energy pyramids are used to represent C. Generally III. Pyramid of
energy transfer in an ecosystem because inverted biomass in a
energy is _______ between each trophic pyramid sea
level. (1) A-I, B-II, C-III
(1) gained (2) A-III, B-I, C-II
(2) lost (3) A-II, B-III, C-I
(4) A-II, B-I, C-III
(3) conserved
(4) either conserved or gained 14. Statement-I: Pyramids of biomass
represent the total amount of biomass of
11. The pyramid of biomass in sea is each trophic level of the ecosystem.
generally: Statement-II: The green plants in the
(1) inverted or upright ecosystem are called consumers.
(2) upright (1) Both statements I and II are correct.
(2) Statement I is correct but
(3) inverted
statement II is incorrect.
(4) Both inverted and upright (3) Statement I is incorrect but
statement II is correct.
12. Which of the following is not true for a (4) Both statements I and II are incorrect.
pyramid of productivity?
(1) Only about 10% of the energy in one 15. Assertion (A): Pyramid of energy is
always upright.
trophic level is passed into the next
Reason (R): Energy flow is
level. unidirectional and some energy is always
(2) Because of the loss of energy at each lost as heat at each step.
trophic level most food chain are (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
limited to three to five steps. are true and Reason (R) is a correct
(3) The pyramid of productivity of some explanation of Assertion (A).
aquatic ecosystem is inverted (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
are true but Reason (R) is not a correct
because of the large zooplankton
explanation of Assertion (A).
primary-consumer level. (3) Assertion (A) is true and Reason
(4) Eating grain fed beef is an (R) is false.
inefficient means of obtaining the (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) both
energy trapped by photosynthesis. are false.
9 | Page