Question 5
A person needs a lens of power -5.5 dioptres for correcting his distant
vision. For correcting his near vision he needs a lens of power +1.5
dioptre. What is the focal length of the lens required for correcting (i)
distant vision, and (ii) near vision ?
(i) ∵ Power of distant viewing part of the lens, P 1 = -5.5 D
Solution:
∴ Focal length of this part, f1 = 1p1 = 1−5.5 m = -0.182 m = -18.2 cm
(ii) For near vision,
Question 6
The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye. What is the
nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem ?
Solution:
The remedial lens should make the objects at infinity appear at the far
point.
Therefore, for object at infinity, u = ∞
Far point distance of the defected eye, ν = – 80 cm
Negative sign shows that the remedial lens is a concave lens.
Question 7
Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected. The near point
of a hypermetropic eye is 1 m. What is the power of the lens required to
correct the defect ? Assume that the near point of the normal eye is 25
cm.
Solution:
(i) The near point N of hypermetropic eye is farther away from the normal
near point N.
(ii) In a hypermetropic eye, the image of nearby object lying at normal
near point N (at 25 cm) is formed behind the retina.
(iii) Correction of hypermetropia : The convex lens forms a virtual image
of the object (lying at normal near point N) at the near point N’ of this eye.
The object placed at 25 cm from the correcting lens must produce a
virtual image at 1 m or 100 cm.
Therefore, u = – 25 cm, ν = 100 cm
The positive sign shows that it is a convex lens.
Question 8
Why is a normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than
25 cm ?
Answer:
At distance less than 25 cm, the ciliary muscles cannot bulge the eye lens
any more, the object cannot be focused on the retina and it appears
blurred to the eye, as shown in the given figure.
Question 9
What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the
distance of an object from the eye ?
Answer:
The eye lens of a normal eye forms the images of objects at various
distances on the same retina. Therefore, the image distance in the eye
remains the same.
Question 10
Why do stars twinkle ?
Answer:
Stars appear to twinkle due to atmospheric refraction. The light of star
after the entry of light in earth’s atmosphere undergoes refraction
continuously till it reaches the surface of the earth. Stars are far away. So,
they are the point source of light. As the path of light coming from stars
keep changing, thus the apparent position of stars keep changing and
amount of light from stars entering the eye keeps twinkling. Due to which
a star sometimes appear bright and sometimes dim, which is the effect of
twinkling.
Question 11
Explain why the planets do not twinkle ?
Answer:
The planets are much nearer to the earth than stars and because of this
they can be considered as large source of light. If a planet is considered to
be a collection of a very large number of point sources of light, then the
average value of change in the amount of light entering the eye from all
point size light sources is zero. Due to this the effect of twinkling is
nullified.
Question 12
Why does the sun appear reddish early in the morning ?
Answer:
The light coming from the sun passes through various denser layers of air
in the earth’s atmosphere before reaching our eyes near the horizon. Most
of the part of blue light and light of small wavelength gets scattered by
dust particles near the horizon. So, the light reaching our eyes is of large
wavelength. Due to this the sun appears reddish at the time of sunrise
and sunset.
Question 13
Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an astronaut ?
Answer:
As an astronaut moves away from the atmosphere of earth, the
atmosphere becomes thin. Due to the absence of molecules (or dust
particles) in air, the scattering of light does not take place. Thus, sky
appears dark in the absence of scattering.
