KADUNA POLYTECHNIC

COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL & VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

N.C.E THREE(3)

COURSE TITLE : EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION PLANNING & SUPERVISION

COURSE CODE: EDU322

PRESENTATION BY: GROUP 3

S/N NAMES REG. NUMBER OPTION

1 MUHAMMAD RABIATU AUWAL CTVE22NCE0070 BIOLOGY EDUCATION

2 BASHIR HANNATU ABDULLAHI CTVE22NCE0028 BIOLOGY EDUCATION

3 BASHIR ZAINAB CTVE22NCE0022 BIOLOGY EDUCATION

4 SAGIR UMMULKULSUM MUHAMMAD CTVE22NCE0095 BIOLOGY EDUCATION

5 YUSUF RABIATU CTVE22NCE0062 BIOLOGY EDUCATION

6 AFINIKI BALARABA MATHEW CTVE22NCE0020 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION

7 PRAISE DANLAMI CTVE22NCE0099 BIOLOGY EDUCATION

8 ZULAIHAT OYIZA MUHAMMED CTVE22NCE0071 ELECTRICAL EDUCATION

9 JOY ESHIOMOHKE DAVID CTVE22NCE0064 BUSINESS EDUCATION

10 FAVOR ISIBOR CTVE22NCE0111 BUSINESS EDUCATION

11 SAMUEL JOY GAMBO CTVE22NCE0152 BUSINESS EDUCATION

12 IBRAHIM YUSUF BABAN YA'U CTVE22NCE0110 ELECTRICAL EDUCATION

PRESENTED TO : MR. IKPEME A. CHARLES

ON : 10TH SEPTEMBER, 2025

=} INTRODUCTION
Education is more than just the transmission of knowledge; it is also about
molding character and building responsible citizens. One of the key
elements that ensures this goal is achieved is discipline. Discipline refers
to the training that helps students develop self-control, respect for authority,
and positive behavior that aligns with social and educational expectations
(Adesina, 2011). In junior secondary schools, discipline is especially
important because learners are in the stage of adolescence, where they
face challenges of peer influence, emotional instability, and identity
formation. If students are not guided at this stage, indiscipline can hinder
their academic success and future development.

=} MEANING OF DISCIPLINE
The word "discipline" comes from the Latin word discipulus, which means
"learner" or "pupil." In the educational context, discipline is not just about
punishment but about guidance, training, and character formation.
Discipline can be described as the practice of teaching students to follow
rules, respect others, and control their behavior in order to create a healthy
and effective learning environment (Ogunsanya, 2010). It is about striking a
balance between freedom and control, so that students learn to make the
right decisions even when they are not being supervised.

=} IMPORTANT OF DISCIPLINE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

Discipline is central to the growth and success of any school. Its
importance can be seen in the following ways:

1. Creates a conducive learning environment:-

Students learn better in a calm and orderly classroom. Noise and
disruptions reduce concentration, but discipline ensures teaching and
learning go smoothly.

2. Promotes academic achievement :-

Adeyemo (2012) notes that students in well-disciplined schools perform

better in their studies than those in schools with weak discipline.

3. Builds moral character:-

Discipline instills values such as honesty, respect, tolerance, and

responsibility, which help students in their future roles as citizens and
leaders.

4. Prevents negative behavior :-

Acts such as bullying, fighting, stealing, and exam malpractice are reduced
when there is effective discipline.

5. Prepares students for the future:-

Discipline equips learners with life skills like punctuality, obedience, and
self-control, which are necessary for success in higher education and the
workplace.

=} FORMS OF INDISCIPLINE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

Indiscipline takes many forms and can disrupt both teaching and learning.
Some common examples include:

1) Truancy:- Habitual absence from school without genuine reasons.

2) Lateness:- Coming late to school or classes, which disrupts lessons.

3) Noise-making:- Disturbing the class while lessons are ongoing.

4) Disrespect to authority:- Rudeness to teachers, school prefects, or
administrators.

5) Fighting and bullying:- Intimidating or physically attacking fellow

students.

6) Examination malpractice:- Cheating during tests or exams, which

undermines academic integrity.

These behaviors not only affect the student involved but also negatively
influence others.

=} CAUSES OF INDISCIPLINE
Indiscipline in schools does not happen without cause. Some of the major
causes include:

1. Poor parental upbringing:- Parents who fail to train their children properly
or neglect their responsibilities often raise children who find it difficult to
accept correction.

2. Peer group influence:- Adolescents are easily influenced by their friends,

who may lure them into misconduct.

3. Weak enforcement of school rules:- Where school authorities do not

apply rules fairly and consistently, students feel free to misbehave.

4. Societal influence:- Exposure to crime, violence, internet fraud, and

negative role models can corrupt young minds.

5. Economic hardship :- Poverty and lack of resources sometimes push

students into deviant behavior, such as stealing.

6. Teacher-student relationship:- Where teachers are harsh, unfair, or show

favoritism, students may react negatively through indiscipline.
=} CONSEQUENCES OF INDISCIPLINE
The impact of indiscipline on education is very damaging. Some
consequences include:

1:- Decline in academic performance.

2:- Poor reputation for the school.

3:- Loss of respect for authority figures.

4:- Increase in crime and violence within and outside school.

5:- Wastage of time and resources due to repeated misconduct.

6:- Emotional and psychological damage to both victims and offenders.

=} STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING DISCIPLINE

To tackle indiscipline and encourage positive behavior, schools can adopt
several strategies:

1. Clear rules and regulations:-Students should know exactly what is

expected of them, and rules should be communicated clearly.

2. Consistent enforcement:- Rules should be applied fairly to everyone

without favoritism.

3. Positive reinforcement:- Good behavior should be rewarded through

praise, recognition, or prizes.

4. Fair punishment:- Wrong behavior should be corrected with appropriate

measures, not cruelty.

5. Parental involvement:- Parents and guardians should partner with

schools in monitoring and guiding students.

6. Guidance and counseling:- Professional counselors should be available

to guide students with emotional, social, or academic difficulties.

7. Teacher’s role modeling:- Teachers must lead by example because

students often imitate their behavior.

=} ROLES OF TEACHERS IN MAINTAINING DISCIPLINE

Teachers are central to ensuring discipline in schools. Their roles include:

1:-Acting as role models in behavior, punctuality, and honesty.

2:-Establishing respect and fairness in their classrooms.

3:-Using encouragement and motivation to build students’ confidence.

4:-Applying firm but fair disciplinary measures when necessary.

5:-Building positive relationships that make students more willing to obey

rules.

6:-Providing guidance and counseling for troubled learners.

=} THE ROLES OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

Beyond teachers, school administrators such as principals and vice-
principals play a vital role in discipline by:

1:-Formulating and enforcing policies.

2:-Monitoring staff and students regularly.

3:-Organizing orientation programs to educate students about school rules.

4:-Working closely with parents, communities, and external authorities

where necessary.
=} CONCLUSION
Discipline in junior secondary schools is the backbone of academic
excellence, moral training, and societal development. It is not about
punishment alone, but about nurturing students to become responsible,
focused, and productive members of society. Without discipline, schools
cannot fulfill their mission of education. Therefore, teachers, parents,
school authorities, and society at large must all contribute to ensuring
discipline. As the National Policy on Education (FRN, 2014) states,
education must develop individuals who are morally sound, patriotic, and
useful to society. Discipline remains the surest way to achieve this noble
goal.

=} REFERENCES
1:- Adesina, S. (2011). Educational Management. Enugu: Fourth Dimension
Publishing.

2:- Adeyemo, S.A. (2012). Discipline and Academic Performance in

Secondary Schools. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2(2),
67–74.

3:- Ogunsanya, M. (2010). Introduction to Educational Administration and

Supervision. Ibadan: University Press.

4:- Ajayi, K. (2015). Indiscipline in Nigerian Secondary Schools: Causes and

Remedies. Nigerian Journal of Educational Administration and Planning,
5(1), 23–32.

5:-Federal Republic of Nigeria (2014). National Policy on Education. Lagos:

NERDC Press.

6:- Udo, M.E. (2016). The Role of Teachers in Maintaining Discipline in

Secondary Schools. International Journal of Education and Evaluation, 2(9),
45–52.