CSE 520210
Microprocessor and Assembly Language
Intel 8085 Architecture
INTEL 8085
Die Shot
Chip
40 PIN DIP
Intel 8085 Pin
Configuration
8-BIT MICROPROCESSOR Intel 8085
Introduced in 1976, Intel 8085 was also 8-bit µP but upgraded version of 8080
Its clock speed was 3-6 MHz and had 6,500 transistor inside.
Its data bus width is 8-bit and address bus is 16-bit and hence work with 64KB
of main memory.
It is also a 40 pins DIP µP chip.
Could execute 7,69,230 instructions per second.
It had 246 instructions.
Use only one +5V power supply.
Signals and
I/O Pins
The 8085 and Its Buses
• The 8085 is an 8-bit general purpose microprocessor that can address 64K Byte
of memory.
• It has 40 pins and uses +5V for power. It can run at a maximum frequency of 3
MHz.(Later models could do 6MHz)
• The pins on the chip can be grouped into 6 groups:
• Address Bus.
• Data Bus.
• Control and Status Signals.
• Power supply and frequency.
• Externally Initiated Signals.
• Serial I/O ports.
The Address and Data Bus Systems
• The address bus has 8 signal lines A8 – A15 which are unidirectional.
• The other 8 address bits are multiplexed (time shared) with the 8 data bits.
• So, the bits AD0 – AD7 are bi-directional and serve as A0 – A7 and D0 – D7
at the same time.
• During the execution of the instruction, these lines carry the address bits
during the early part, then during the late parts of the execution, they
carry the 8 data bits.
• In order to separate the address from the data, we can use a latch to save the
value before the function of the bits changes.
Control and Status Signals
• Group of signals consists of :
• Three control signals (‘RD’ – read, ‘WR’ - write and ‘ALE’).
• Three status signals (IO/M, S1, and S0) to recognize nature of
operation.
• ALE: Address Latch Enable. This signal is a pulse that become 1
when the AD0 – AD7 lines have an address on them. It becomes 0
after that. This signal can be used to enable a latch to save the
address bits from the AD lines.
Control and Status Signals
Control and Status Signals
Signals:
• RD – Read (active low). To indicate that the I/O or memory selected is to
be read and data are available on the bus.
• WR – Write: Active low. This is to indicate that the data available on the
bus are to be written to memory or I/O ports.
• IO/M – To differentiate I/O operation of memory operations.
• ‘0’ - indicates a memory operation.
• ‘1’-indicates an I/O operation.
• IO/M combined with RD and WR to generate I/O and memory control
signals.
• S1 and S0: Status signals, similar to IO/M, can identify various operations
as shown on the following table in our next slide.
Control and Status Signals
Frequency Control Signals
• There are 3 important pins in the frequency control group.
• X0 and X1 are the inputs from the crystal or clock generating circuit.
• The frequency is internally divided by 2.
• So, to run the microprocessor at 3 MHz, a clock running at 6 MHz
should be connected to the X0 and X1 pins.
• CLK (OUT): An output clock pin to drive the clock of the rest of the system.
CLK OUT is a TTL square-wave clock
output used as the system clock for other
devices connected with the microprocessor.
The CLOCK OUT is one-half of the crystal
frequency.
Interrupt Signals
RESET Signal
• Following are the two kind of RESET signals:
• RESET IN: an active low input signal, Program Counter (PC) will be set
to 0 and thus MPU will reset.
• RESET OUT: an output reset signal to indicate that the μp was reset (i.e.
RESET IN=0). It also used to reset external devices.
Take a deep breath
8085 Functional
Block Diagram
Flags
The ALU includes five flip-flops that are set or reset according to the result of
an operation. The microprocessor uses them as flags for testing the data
conditions. They are:
i. Zero (Z)
ii. Carry (CY)
iii. Sign (S)
iv. Parity (P) and
v. Auxiliary Carry (AC) flags.
The most commonly used flags are Sign, Zero, and Carry.
Flags
1. Sign Flag (S):
• After execution of any arithmetic and logical operation, if D7 of the result
is 1, the sign flag is set. Otherwise it is reset. .
• D7 is reserved for indicating the sign; the remaining is the magnitude of
number.
• If D7 is 1, the number will be viewed as negative number. If D7 is 0, the
number will be viewed as positive number.
2. Zero Flag (Z):
• If the result of arithmetic and logical operation is zero, then zero flag is
set otherwise it is reset.
Flags
3. Auxiliary Carry Flag (AC):
• If D3 generates any carry when doing
any arithmetic and logical operation, this flag is
set. Otherwise it is reset.
4. Parity Flag (P):
• If the result of arithmetic and logical operation
contains even number of 1's then this flag will
be set and if it is odd number of 1's it will be reset.
5. Carry Flag (CY):
• If any arithmetic and logical operation result
any carry (from D7) then carry flag is set otherwise
it is reset.
Thank you all
Stay Home Stay Safe
Put on a mask when
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