New
syllabus
2020-21
Chapter 4
Database query
using sql–order by,
group by,having
Informatics Practices
Class XII ( As per CBSE Board)
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MySQL Order By
MySQL Order By clause is used to sort the table data in
either Ascending order or Descending order. By default,
data is not inserted into Tables in any order unless we have
an index.
So, If we want to retrieve the data in any particular order,
we have to sort it by using MySQL Order By statement.
Syntax:-SELECT Column_Names
FROM Table_Name
ORDER BY {Column1}[ASC | DESC] {Column2}[ASC | DESC]
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MySQL Order By
MySQL Order by– e.g.
Suppose we are having student table with following data.
Now we write the query – select * from student order by class;
Query result will be in ascending order of class.If we not specify asc/desc in
query then ascending clause is applied by default
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MySQL Order By
MySQL Order by– e.g.
Suppose we are having student table with following data.
Now we write the query – select * from student order by class desc;
Query result will be in descending order of class
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MySQL Order By
MySQL Order by – e.g.
Suppose we are having student table with following data.
Now we write query–select * from student order by class asc, marks asc;
Query result will be ascending order of class and if same class exists
then ordering will done on marks column(ascending order)
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MySQL Order By
MySQL Order by– e.g.
Suppose we are having student table with following data.
Now we write query–select * from student order by class asc, marks desc;
Query result will be ascending order of class and if same class exists
then ordering will done on marks column(descending order)
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MySQL Group By
The GROUP BY clause groups a set of rows/records into a
set of summary rows/records by values of columns or
expressions. It returns one row for each group.
We often use the GROUP BY clause with aggregate
functions such as SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN, and COUNT. The
aggregate function that appears in the SELECT clause
provides information about each group.
The GROUP BY clause is an optional clause of the SELECT
statement.
Syntax –
SELECT 1, c2,..., cn, aggregate_function(ci)
FROM table WHERE where_conditions GROUP BY c1 , c2,...,cn;
Here c1,c2,ci,cn are column name
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MySQL Group By
MySQL group by – e.g.
Suppose we are having student table with following data.
Now we write query–select class from student group by class;
Query result will be unique occurrences of class values,just similar
to use distinct clause like(select distinct class from student).
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MySQL Group By
MySQL GROUP BY with aggregate functions
The aggregate functions allow us to perform the calculation of a set of rows and return a
single value. The GROUP BY clause is often used with an aggregate function to perform
calculation and return a single value for each subgroup.
For example, if we want to know the number of student in each class, you can use the
COUNT function with the GROUP BY clause as follows:Suppose we are having student table
with following data.
Now we write query–select class,count(*) from student group by class;
Query result will be unique occurrences of class values along with counting of
students(records) of each class(sub group).
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MySQL Group By
MySQL GROUP BY with aggregate functions
we are having student table with following data.
Now we write query–select class,avg(marks) from student group by class;
Query result will be unique occurrences of class values along with average
marks of each class(sub group).
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MySQL Group By
MySQL GROUP BY with aggregate functions (with where and order by clause)
we are having student table with following data.
Now we write query–select class,avg(marks) from student where class<10 group
by class order by marks desc;
Query result will be unique occurrences of class values where class<10 along with
average marks of each class(sub group) and descending ofer of marks.
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MySQL Group by
with Having
The HAVING clause is used in the SELECT
statement to specify filter conditions for a
group of rows or aggregates. The HAVING
clause is often used with the GROUP BY
clause to filter groups based on a specified
condition. To filter the groups returned by
GROUP BY clause, we use a HAVING clause.
WHERE is applied before GROUP BY, HAVING
is applied after (and can filter on aggregates).
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MySQL Group By
with having
MySQL GROUP BY with aggregate functions
we are having student table with following data.
Now we write query–select class,avg(marks) from student group by class
having avg(marks)<90;
Query result will be unique occurrences of class values along with average
marks of each class(sub group) and each class having average marks<90.
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MySQL Group By
with having
MySQL GROUP BY with aggregate functions
we are having student table with following data.
Now we write query–select class,avg(marks) from student group by class
having count(*)<3;
Query result will be unique occurrences of class values along with average
marks of each class(sub group) and each class having less than 3 rows.
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