Topic: Joints in Human Body
Name: _____________________ Subject: Module Grade: 6 ____ Date: __________
Learning Target:
● I can explain how joints help in the movement based on their structure.
Reader Purpose Questions:
Q1. What are joints? Name the types of joints present in the human body.
Q2. How are synovial joints different from other types of joints? List 3 types of synovial joints and give one location
of each joint in our body.
Q3. What is the role of cartilage in the joints?
Our bodies are made up of many bones that work together to help us move, stand, and perform various
activities. These bones are connected by joints, which are the places where two or more bones meet. They
enable movement and are classified by the extent of movement they allow.
There are three types of joints in the human body:
Fixed Joints Semi Moveable Joints Synovial Joints
Let’s understand each type of joint in some more detail:
A. Fixed Joints
Fixed joints are also known as immovable joints because they do not
allow any movement. These joints are found in the skull, where the
bones are held tightly together. This type of joint provides a strong
connection between the bones, which is necessary for protecting the
brain and supporting the weight of the head.
B. Semi-Movable Joints
Semi-movable joints, also known as cartilaginous joints,
allow some movement between the bones. These joints are
found in the spine, where the vertebrae are separated by
cartilage that provides cushioning and flexibility. This type
of joint allows for some movement in the spine, which is
necessary for bending, twisting, and other movements.
However, the movement is limited, which can be a
disadvantage in some situations.
Cartilage is a connective tissue found in joints, ribs, nose,
ears. It allows cushioning and support to joints and protects
the bones from damage when they rub against each other.
Synovial Joints
Synovial joints are the most common type of joints in the
human body. These joints are found in the limbs, where
they allow for a wide range of movements. As the name
suggests, Synovial joints have synovial fluid around the
bones at the joint that lubricates and nourishes the joint.
The ends of the bones at the joint are covered in cartilage,
which provides cushioning and a smooth surface for the
bones to move against each other. The bones at the joint
are held in place by strong bands of ligaments.
There are a total of six types of synovial joints, classified by
their shape and movement. Below mentioned are three key
synovial joints:
1. Hinge joint - Allows bending and straightening
movements in one direction only, like a door hinge. Examples include the elbow and knee joints.
2. Pivot joint - Allows rotation around a central axis. Example includes the joint between the first 2
vertebrae in the neck. It allows the head to turn from side to side.
3. Ball and Socket joint - Allows 360 degree movement in all directions, including rotation. The end of
one bone at this type of joint is rounded (ball) and fits into the cupped end (socket) of another
bone. Examples include the shoulder and hip joints.
Advantages and Limitations of Synovial Joints
The advantage of synovial joints is that they allow for a wide range of movements, which is necessary for
many activities, such as running, jumping, and throwing. The synovial fluid in the joint capsule also helps to
absorb shock and protect the bones from wear and tear. However, synovial joints can also be a source of
pain and injury, especially if they are overused or subjected to repetitive stress. In addition, the synovial
fluid in the joint can become depleted, leading to stiffness and reduced range of motion.
