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Geography Chapter 1 Notes

Chapter 1 discusses India's geographical location, highlighting its position in the Northern Hemisphere with specific latitudinal and longitudinal extents. It emphasizes India's strategic significance due to its central location between East and West Asia, as well as its extensive land and maritime borders with neighboring countries. The chapter also notes the importance of India's location for trade, cultural exchange, and defense.

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4 views3 pages

Geography Chapter 1 Notes

Chapter 1 discusses India's geographical location, highlighting its position in the Northern Hemisphere with specific latitudinal and longitudinal extents. It emphasizes India's strategic significance due to its central location between East and West Asia, as well as its extensive land and maritime borders with neighboring countries. The chapter also notes the importance of India's location for trade, cultural exchange, and defense.

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Chapter 1: India – Size and Location

1. Location of India

India lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.

Latitudinal extent: 8°4′ N – 37°6′ N

Longitudinal extent: 68°7′ E – 97°25′ E

North–South extent: ~3,214 km

East–West extent: ~2,933 km

Mainland area: 3.28 million sq. km (7th largest country).

Land boundary: ~15,200 km

Coastline (mainland + islands): ~7,516.6 km

2. Standard Meridian of India

Time difference between easternmost and westernmost points = ~2 hours.

To avoid confusion, 82°30′ E longitude (near Mirzapur, UP) chosen as Indian Standard Time (IST).

IST is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT.


3. India and the World

India is a southward extension of the Asian continent (peninsular shape).

Divided by the Tropics of Cancer (23°30′ N) into two halves:

Northern (sub-tropical zone).

Southern (tropical zone).

Strategic location:

Central position between East and West Asia.

Proximity to Indian Ocean routes → contact with West Asia, Africa, Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia.

Has helped cultural and economic exchange (e.g., Silk Route, spices, ideas, Buddhism).

4. India and its Neighbours

Land neighbours (7 countries): Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar.

Maritime neighbours: Sri Lanka (separated by Palk Strait & Gulf of Mannar) and Maldives (southwest of
Lakshadweep).

Importance: Shared cultural, historical, and economic ties.

5. Significance of India’s Location


Commands sea routes of the Indian Ocean.

Connects East and West Asia (central position in Asia).

Close to world’s busiest trade routes.

Ideal location for trade, cultural exchange, and defense.

6. Map Work (Important for Exams)

Mark latitudes/longitudes: 8°4′ N, 37°6′ N, 68°7′ E, 97°25′ E, Tropic of Cancer.

Standard Meridian (82°30′ E).

Neighbouring countries and surrounding seas (Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean).

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