A

Report File
on
Design and Implementation of a Database System for
Managing an E-commerce Application

Subject – DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(CSP0403)

Submitted to :- Submitted by :-

Mr. Suraj Sharma Siddharth Tripathi (BETN1CS23204)

Associate Professor Yash Uprale (BETN1CS23186)
Rajdeep Ambhure (BETN1CS23199)
Krishna Goyel (BETN1CS23198)
 ACKNOWLDEGEMENT

First and foremost, we want to sincerely thanks to Mr. Suraj Sharma,

our esteemed instructor, for her continuous support, valuable guidance,
and encouragement throughout the development of this project. This
project has been a wonderful learning experience, and it would not
have been possible without the support and encouragement of several
individuals. Without the help and encouragement our mam, this project
would not have been feasible, and we had been an amazing educational
experience.

We would also like to thank my friends, classmates and team members

for their encouragement, resource sharing, and stimulating
conversations which helps a lot to make this effort. We as a team did a
great job and we did a great project which help us to understand
database management system more deeply and making this wonderful
project. Their suggestions and collaboration improved the efficiency
and enjoyment of the research and writing process. We would want to
express my gratitude to all of the writers, academics, and online
learning environments whose work and research enabled us to learn
more, comprehend theoretical ideas, and improve the calibre of this
project.

I dedicate this work to everyone who helped make it a success, with a

heart full of appreciation and Thanks to Everyone.
 Table of Contents

 Introduction
 Objective
 ER Diagram
 Database Design
 Wireframe
 Technologies Used
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
 Introduction

In recent years, the rapid advancement of technology and the

widespread availability of the internet have significantly
transformed the traditional shopping experience. E-commerce,
short for electronic commerce, has emerged as one of the most
powerful and influential business models in the global
economy. It allows users to browse, compare, and purchase
products or services from the comfort of their homes. The
increasing reliance on e-commerce platforms highlights the
importance of well-structured and secure databases that
ensure seamless operation and consistent user experiences.

This project, "E-Commerce Website with Database Integrity",

focuses on building a functional e-commerce platform backed
by a relational database management system (RDBMS). The
goal is not only to develop the front-end interface for users but
also to design a robust and normalized database that efficiently
stores and retrieves data related to users, products, orders, and
transactions. The project incorporates key DBMS principles such
as entity-relationship modelling, normalization, indexing, query
optimization, and data integrity constraints.
The database layer plays a crucial role in the success of any e-
commerce application. From handling thousands of product
listings to processing customer orders and maintaining user
profiles, the data must be accurate, consistent, and secure. To
ensure this, the project implements primary and foreign key
constraints, unique constraints, and other relational integrity
rules. Furthermore, the website is built with a modular
architecture, enabling easy maintenance, scalability, and future
enhancements.
This project serves as a comprehensive demonstration of
theoretical knowledge gained in the Database Management
Systems course, applied in a practical and real-world scenario. It
combines the principles of database design with web
development, providing a full-stack experience. In addition to
implementing the basic features of an e-commerce site, the
system is structured in a way that future additions such as
payment gateway integration, inventory management, and user
analytics can be smoothly incorporated.
Through this project, we aim to not only fulfill the academic
requirements but also understand the real-world complexities
and best practices in database-driven application development.
The final product stands as a proof-of-concept for how well-
managed data and integrity-driven design can elevate user
experience and system reliability in a modern e-commerce
solution.
 Objective

The primary objective of this project is to design and develop a

fully functional e-commerce website that leverages the power of
a relational database management system (RDBMS) to handle
data effectively, maintain integrity, and ensure seamless user
interaction. This project is intended to bridge the gap between
theoretical concepts of database systems and their practical
implementation in real-world applications.
The following are the specific goals of the project:
 To design a structured and normalized database that
supports the functionalities of an e-commerce platform,
such as product listings, user accounts, shopping carts, and
order processing. The database design emphasizes
minimizing redundancy, improving data consistency, and
enabling easy data manipulation and retrieval.

 To implement database integrity constraints including

primary keys, foreign keys, unique constraints, and not-null
constraints, thereby ensuring that all data entered into the
system adheres to a consistent and valid format.

 To apply the concepts of Entity-Relationship (ER)

modeling for identifying key entities, their attributes, and
the relationships among them, which form the foundation
of the system’s database design.
 To build a user-friendly front-end interface that allows
customers to interact with the system intuitively. Users
should be able to register, log in, browse products, add
items to the cart, and place orders. Meanwhile,
administrators should be able to manage inventory, update
product information, and track orders.

 To utilize SQL effectively for performing all database-

related operations, including data definition (DDL), data
manipulation (DML), and complex queries involving joins,
aggregations, and subqueries for reporting and analytics.

 To ensure data security and consistency in operations

involving multiple users and concurrent access. Even in a
basic setup, the project should maintain stable and secure
transactions without compromising data integrity.

 To gain hands-on experience in full-stack development,

combining front-end technologies with a reliable backend
and a relational database. This provides a comprehensive
learning experience and reflects industry-standard
practices.

 To lay a foundation for future enhancements, such as

integrating real-time notifications, payment gateway APIs,
recommendation systems, and mobile app compatibility, by
keeping the system modular and extensible.
E R – Diagram
 Database Design
Schema Design
Tables Created:
1. Users
o User_id (PK)

o name

o email (UNIQUE)

o password

o role (customer/admin)

2. Products
o Product_id (PK)

o name

o description

o price

o quantity

o category

3. Orders
o order_id (PK)

o user_id (FK)

o order_date

o status

4. Order_Details
o order_id (FK)

o product_id (FK)

o quantity

o price
 5. Cart (Optional)
o cart_id (PK)

o user_id (FK)

o product_id (FK)

o quantity

Integrity Constraints
 Primary Keys are used to uniquely identify records in each
table.
 Foreign Keys establish relationships between entities (e.g.,
Orders and Users).
 NOT NULL constraints to prevent empty fields.
 CHECK constraints on product price and quantity to
maintain valid values.
 UNIQUE constraint on user emails.
 Technologies used

1. Frontend: HTML, CSS, JavaScript for UI.

2. Backend: PHP
3. Database: MySQL for database for data storage and
retrieval
4. Web Server: XAMPP
5. IDE – VS CODE

Future scope

1. Integration with online payment gateways

2. Real-time product recommendation using ML
3. Enhanced security measures (JWT, OAuth, etc.)
4. RESTful API development for mobile integration
 Conclusion

The development of the E-Commerce Website with Database

Integrity has been a valuable and enriching experience, merging
academic knowledge with practical implementation. Through
this project, we explored the complete lifecycle of a database-
driven application—from requirement analysis, database
modelling, schema design, and SQL scripting, to front-end and
back-end integration. Each step provided deep insights into how
modern web applications rely on robust, well-designed
databases to function efficiently and reliably.
One of the most critical aspects of this project was the
application of relational database management system
(RDBMS) principles to a real-world domain. By focusing on
database normalization, data integrity, and efficient query
writing, we were able to design a backend that is not only
structurally sound but also scalable and maintainable. The use of
primary keys, foreign keys, constraints, and relational mappings
ensured that all data maintained referential integrity and
consistency, even as multiple users interacted with the system
concurrently.
On the front-end, we successfully built a clean and interactive
user interface that mimics the core functionalities of a typical e-
commerce platform—allowing users to register, log in, browse
products, add items to their cart, and place orders. For the admin
side, features were implemented for inventory and order
management, allowing seamless control over product
availability and order processing.
Moreover, the integration between the UI and the database,
using backend technologies, strengthened our understanding of
how different layers of a full-stack application communicate.
The ability to write and optimize SQL queries for data retrieval,
updates, and reports added practical depth to the theoretical
concepts studied in the DBMS course.
The challenges faced—such as maintaining data consistency,
preventing redundancy, and ensuring transaction safety—gave
us real-world problem-solving experience and taught us how to
approach application development from a database-first
perspective. These challenges were not just technical but also
conceptual, helping us grow as future software engineers.
In conclusion, this project has successfully met its objectives
and demonstrated how crucial a well-structured database is to
the functionality of modern web applications. It stands as a
practical testament to the core DBMS concepts such as
normalization, integrity constraints, relational design, and SQL
mastery. The e-commerce website created here can be
considered a strong foundation for a more comprehensive
system in the future, with potential for advanced features like
AI-driven recommendations, secure online payments, RESTful
APIs, and mobile support. This project not only fulfills the
academic requirements of our DBMS coursework but also sets
the stage for further exploration and innovation in real-world
software development.