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Math Study Guide

This math study guide covers various topics including solving simultaneous equations using elimination and substitution, calculating area and perimeter for different plane figures, and understanding volume and surface area of solids. It also includes concepts such as the Pythagorean theorem, types of angles, and trigonometry ratios. Additionally, it provides methods for constructing angles and plotting points, along with solving real-world problems using mathematical principles.

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Nestor Hernandez
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
18 views3 pages

Math Study Guide

This math study guide covers various topics including solving simultaneous equations using elimination and substitution, calculating area and perimeter for different plane figures, and understanding volume and surface area of solids. It also includes concepts such as the Pythagorean theorem, types of angles, and trigonometry ratios. Additionally, it provides methods for constructing angles and plotting points, along with solving real-world problems using mathematical principles.

Uploaded by

Nestor Hernandez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math Study Guide

a. Solving Simultaneous Equations (Elimination or Substitution)


• Elimination: Add/subtract to eliminate a variable.
• Example:
x + y = 10
x-y=2
→ Add: 2x = 12 → x = 6 → y = 4
• Substitution: Solve one equation for a variable, substitute in the other.
• Example:
x = 2y
x + y = 9 → 2y + y = 9 → y = 3 → x = 6

b. Word Problems Involving Simultaneous Equations


• Translate real-world situations into equations.
• Example: 'Sum of two numbers is 20. One is twice the other.'
• Equations: x + y = 20, x = 2y → 2y + y = 20 → y = 6.67 → x = 13.33

c. Area & Perimeter of Plane Figures


• Square: A = s², P = 4s → s = 5 → A = 25, P = 20
• Rectangle: A = l × w, P = 2(l + w) → l = 6, w = 4 → A = 24, P = 20
• Parallelogram: A = b × h → b = 10, h = 5 → A = 50
• Rhombus: A = (d1 × d2)/2 → d1 = 8, d2 = 6 → A = 24
• Kite: A = (d1 × d2)/2 → d1 = 5, d2 = 4 → A = 10
• Trapezium: A = ½(a + b)h → a = 6, b = 4, h = 5 → A = 25
• Triangle: A = ½ × b × h → b = 10, h = 8 → A = 40
• Heron's: a = 7, b = 8, c = 9 → s = 12 → A = √[12(12-7)(12-8)(12-9)] ≈ 26.83
• Circle: A = πr², C = 2πr → r = 7 → A ≈ 153.94, C ≈ 43.98

d. Area of Sector & Segment


• Sector: A = (θ/360) × πr² → r = 6, θ = 60° → A = (60/360)×π×36 = 18.85
• Segment: Subtract triangle area from sector area.

e. Surface Area & Perimeter of Complex Figures


• Add areas of simple parts. For perimeter, add all outer sides.
• Example: L-shape = 2 rectangles → A = 20 + 30 = 50
f. Volume, Density & Surface Area of Solids
• Cube: V = s³, SA = 6s² → s = 3 → V = 27, SA = 54
• Cuboid: V = lwh, SA = 2(lw + lh + wh) → l = 4, w = 3, h = 2 → V = 24, SA = 52
• Cylinder: V = πr²h → r = 3, h = 5 → V ≈ 141.37

g. Sphere
• V = (4/3)πr³ → r = 3 → V ≈ 113.1
• SA = 4πr² → SA ≈ 113.1

h. Pythagorean Theorem
• a² + b² = c² → a = 5, b = 12 → c = √(25+144) = 13

i. Types of Angles
• Acute: < 90°, Right: = 90°, Obtuse: 90°–180°, Straight: = 180°, Reflex: > 180°, Full: = 360°

j. Construction using Protractor/Compass


• Use protractor to draw specific angle.
• Use compass to bisect angles or lines.

k. Properties of Intersecting Lines


• Vertically opposite angles are equal.
• Angles on a line = 180°, around a point = 360°

l. Compass Angle Construction


• 60°: Compass arc; 30°: Bisect 60°; 45°: Bisect 90°; 15°: Bisect 30°

m. Plotting Points
• Use table for x → find y. Ex: y = 2x → (0,0), (1,2), (2,4)

n. Gradient (Slope)
• m = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1) → (1,2), (3,6) → m = (6-2)/(3-1) = 2

o. Length & Midpoint


• Length = √[(x2-x1)²+(y2-y1)²], Midpoint = ((x1+x2)/2, (y1+y2)/2)
p. Sketching Lines
• Plot 2 points using slope or table, connect to draw line.

q. Parallel & Perpendicular Lines


• Parallel: same slope. Perpendicular: m1 × m2 = -1

r. Trigonometry Ratios
• Sine = Opp/Hyp, Cos = Adj/Hyp, Tan = Opp/Adj

s. Solving for Sides/Angles


• Given angle and side → use trig ratio to find missing value.

t. Trig Word Problems


• Use triangle diagram, label sides, apply trig ratios.
• Ex: Tree shadow = 10m, angle = 30° → height = 10 × tan(30°) ≈ 5.77m

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