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Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru- 572 103

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5 Semester B.E. ETE, Test 1-Dec 2022

Satellito Communication
Time: 1% Hours Max. Marks: 50
Note Answer Al questions

Marks BILCO POPSO

1 a With respect to satellite communication, define and mention thec

significance of the following:
i) Sidereal time 6 1/2
i) Calendars
ii) Inclination
b Determince the maximum shadow angle and the eclipse time that occurs at
cquinoxes for a satcllite orbiting in a circular orbit at a height of 13622km 2/2
abovethe carth surface. Assumetheradius of earth as 6378km.
What are look angles? How these are estimated for an earth station |
antenna at the lIT Kharagpur (22.3° N, 87.3° E) to be installed for a 8 163 3/2
satellite located at 93.50°E.

What are orbital elemenis? How an orbital plane is described using these
1,3 1 2/2
elements?
Why eclipse of satellites is to be considered in developing satellite
communication links? Discuss the issues related to eclipse for eliminating 7 1,4 3 3/2
outages in satellite links.

3a Explain the effects of rain on satellite links? How rain attenuation is made |
use of while designing satellite link budget for H, V and circular 8 2,3 2 2/2
polarizations?

What are the satellite orbits commonly used to provide global

various satellite orbits with respect to their 7 1,4 3 3/2
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USN1s PROHrTED RTEEl6

Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru 572 103

(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Approved
AICTE, New Delhi)

8Semester B.E. ETE, Test 1 - May- 2023

Satellite Communication
Time: 1% Hours Max. Marks: 50
Note Answer All questions
2

Marks BL CO PO/PSO

With respect to satellite communication, define and mention the

significance of the following:
1,2 1 1/2
i) Molniya orbits
ii) Calendars
iii) Anomaly
b Determine the maximum shadow angle and the eclipsetime that occurs at
equinoxes for a satellite orbiting in a circular orbit at a height of 20000km 6 3 2/2
above the earth surface. Assume the radius of earth as 6378km.

C What are look angles? How these are estimated for an earth station
1,3
antenna at a given earth station? Compute the Az and El for an earth 8 3/2
6
station at SIT-Tumkur fora satellite located at 100°E.

2 With relevant expressions, define Kepler Laws of planetary motion? How

these lavws are used to develop the satellite orbits? Derive the expressions 1,3 1 2/2
used.

Why eclipse of satellites is to be considered in developing satellite

communication links? Discuss the issues related to power and eliminating 7 1,3 3/2
outages in satellite links.

3 How frequencies allocated for satellite communication? Give examples. 2,3 | 1,2 2/2

b What are the types of satellite orbits commonly used to provide global
communication? Compare the various satellite orbits with respect to their 6 1,4 3 3/2
height, velocity and orbital times?
How sun transit affects the satellite links? What are the considerations to 4 3 2 2/2
avoid sun transit outages?

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uSN 1S IISiddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru - 572 103

(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Beclagavi, Approved by

AICTE, New Delhi)
S Semester B.E. Electronics and Telecommunication Eneg.
Satellite Communication (RTEE16)
Test 2 Feb-2023
Time: 1 % Hours Max. Marks: 50
Note Answer Al questions

PO
P O
Marks BL CO
PSO

1a) With respect to satellite antennas, define and identify the importance of the
following: 3 2 2
i) XPI
i) Antenna Noise
b) The range between a control earth station and a GEO satellite is 36,000km.
6 3 23
Calculate the free-space loss at afrequency of 14/12 GHz
c)Whatare the subsystems required for the satellite for its life span. Which
6 5 4 2
subsystems are critical? Why?

2 a) Discus the types of losses occur in satellite communication links? Mention

8 4 2 4
the ways to handle these losses in the link design.
b) What is meant by thermal control and why this is necessary in a satellite?
How thermal control is achieved onboard satellite? 3 52

c)Why some satellites employ cylindrical solar arrays, whereas others

employ solar sail arays for the production of primary power? Mention the 6 5 5 4
preventive measure to be employed to overcome the effects of eclipse.

3 a)Derive the expression for the [C/N] total considering all parameters. 6 3 5 2
b) The [EIRP] of a 140W transponder is 40dBW. Calculate the gain of the
antenna. If the transponder is switched to 120W, compare new [EIRP] with 4 4 3
the same antenna.

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USN 1 S I RTEE16
Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru – 572 103
(An Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)

Fixth Semester B.E. Electronics and Telecommunication Engg. Examinations Feb. - Mar. 2022
Satellite Communication
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note : 1. Answer any five questions choosing one full question from each unit.
Unit - I
01 a) Explain briefly about various satellite communication services. 6
BL: 2 CO: 1 PO: 1 PSO: 2

b) How look angles are calculated for rooftop antennas? Compute look angles for Tumkur (13.30 N,
77.1E) for Insat satellite at 830 E. 8
BL: 3 CO: 3 PO: 3 PSO:

c) How frequency bands are allocated in satellite communication? 6

BL: 2 CO: 1 PO: 1 PSO: 2

OR
02 a) State and explain the Kepler’s laws of planetary motion with neat diagrams and necessary
equations. 10
BL: 2 CO: 1 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) A satellite is orbiting in the equatorial plane with a period from perigee to perigee of 12 h. Given
that the eccentricity is 0.002. Calculate the semimajor axis. The earth’s equatorial radius is
6378.1414 km. 4
BL: 3 CO: 1 PO: 2 PSO: 2

c) Explain the earth eclipse of satellite and sun transit outage phenomena that affect satellite
communication. 6
BL: 2 CO: 2 PO: 2 PSO: 2

Unit – II
03 a) What are the Propagation Concerns for Satellite Communications System? How to overcome
them? 6
BL: 2 CO: 2 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) Calculate, for a frequency of 12 GHz and for horizontal and vertical polarizations, the rain
attenuation which is exceeded for 0.01 percent of the time in any year, for a point rain rate of
10 mm/h. The earth station altitude is 600m, and the antenna elevation angle is 500. The rain
height is 3 km. 10
BL: 3 CO: 2 PO: 2 PSO: 2

c) Briefly explain uplink and downlink rain fade margin in satellite links. 4
BL: 2 CO: 3 PO: 2 PSO: 2

OR
04 a) Explain How atmospheric losses and ionospheric effect for satellite? 6
BL: 2 CO: 2 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) Derive the link power budget equation [ ] considering various parameters. 8

BL: 2 CO: 3 PO: 2 PSO: 2

c) Calculate the gain in decibels of a 3-m paraboloidal antenna operating at a frequency of 12 GHz.
Assume an aperture efficiency of 0.55. 6
BL: 3 CO: 3 PO: 2 PSO: 2

-1- Please Turn Over

 -2- RTEE16
Unit – III
05 a) What are the forces acting on a satellite in orbit? Explain AOCS subsystem. 7
BL: 2 CO: 3 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) Briefly explain TT and C subsystems. 7

BL: 2 CO: 3 PO: 2 PSO: 2

c) What do you mean by satellite transponder? Explain the components of it. 6

BL: 2 CO: 3 PO: 2 PSO: 2

OR
06 a) With a neat Block diagram, explain a home terminal of DBS TV/FM reception. 10
BL: 2 CO: 3 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) With a neat Block diagram explain One possible arrangement for a master antenna TV (MATV)
system. How it is different from CATV? 10
BL: 2 CO: 3 PO: 2 PSO: 2

Unit – IV
07 a) Discuss the possible modes interference modes in satellite circuits. 10
BL: 3 CO: 4 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) Determine the degradation in the downlink [C/I] ratio when satellite orbital spacing is reduced
from 40 to 20, all other factors remaining unchanged. FCC antenna characteristics may be
assumed. 5
BL: 3 CO: 4 PO: 2 PSO: 2

c) An FM/TV carrier is specified as having a modulation index of 2.571 and a top modulating
frequency of 4.2 MHz. Calculate the protection ratio required to give a quality impairment factor
of (a) 4.2 and (b) 4.5. 5
BL: 3 CO: 4 PO: 2 PSO: 2

OR
08 a) Explain the Frame and burst formats for a TDMA system. 10
BL: 2 CO: 4 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) What is mean by preassigned FDMA? With a neat diagram, explain single channel per carrier. 10
BL: 2 CO: 4 PO: 2 PSO: 2

Unit – V
09 a) Describe the operation of a typical VSAT system. State briefly where VSAT system found
widest application. 10
BL: 2 CO: 5 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) With respect to direct broadcast satellite services, explain

i) Orbital spacing ii) Power rating and number of transponders iii) Frequency of operation
10
BL: 2 CO: 5 PO: 2 PSO: 2

OR
10 a) Explain the operation of global positioning system using satellites. 10
BL: 2 CO: 5 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) Discuss the main features of the Iriduim system and comment briefly on how is this different
from the orbcomm system. 10
BL: 2 CO: 5 PO: 2 PSO: 2
________
USN 1 S I RTEE16
Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru-572 103
(An Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)

Eighth Semester B.E. Electronics and Telecommunication Engg. Examinations May 2024
Satellite Communication
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note : 1. Revealing of Identity in any form in the answer book will be treated as malpractice.
2. Answer any five questions choosing one full question from each unit.

Unit - I M BL CO PO PSO

01 a) Explain the Kepler’s laws of planetary motion with necessary equations. 6 2 1 1

b) Define and explain their significance of the following:
i) Prograde orbit ii) Visibility iii) Spin stabilization 6 2 1 1
c)How look angles are calculated for the satellite, illustrate with an example. 8 3 3 2
OR
02 a) How slant range is determined for the GEO satellite? Calculate for the distance
from GSAT at 83.5oE for and ES at Tumakuru (13.3oN, 77.1oE)? 7 4 3 3
b) A satellite is in an elliptical orbit with a perigee of 20,000km and an apogee of
40,000km. Compute the orbital period in hours, minutes and seconds and
eccentricity of the orbit, given that GM=3.9860004418*10 5 km2/s2. 6 3 1 2
c) What is meant by polar mount antenna? What are the advantages of it? 7 2 3 2

Unit - II
03 a) With relevant expressions, mention the significance of the following:
i) PL ii) AA iii) Ts 6 2 2 1
b) Calculate, for a frequency of 15 GHz and for horizontal, vertical and circular
polarizations, the rain attenuation exceeded for 0.01% of the time in any year, for
a point rain rate of 15mm/h. The earth station altitude is 900 m and the antenna
elevation angle is 52o. The rain height is 3km. Given that ah: 0.0367, bh: 1.154 and
av: 0.0335, bv: 1.128. 8 3 2 2
c)Derive an expression for combined link [C/No]Total for a satellite link considering
[C/No]U and [C/No]D ratios. 6 2 2 2
OR
04 a) What are the propagation impairments that pose serious concern for satellite
communication links? Discuss the remedies commonly used to overcome these
impairments. 8 2 2 3
b) Derive the link power budget equation [C/N] for a satellite link considering
various factors. 6 2 2 3
c) With relevant expressions, mention the significance of the following:
i) TCS ii) Train 6 3 2 3

Unit - III
05 a) Why TTC subsystem is required for a satellite? Explain two forms of altitude
control. 6 2 4 2
b) What do you meant by attitude control and why this is necessary in a satellite? 6 2 4 2
c)With a block schematic, explain the features of redundant earth stations. 8 2 4 2
OR
06 a) With a block schematic, explain communication subsystem. 7 2 4 1

-1- Please Turn Over

 -2- RTEE16
b) Why some satellites employ cylindrical solar arrays, whereas others employ solar
sail arrays for the production of primary power? Mention the preventive measure
to be employed to overcome the effects of eclipse. 6 3 4 2
c) A geostationary satellite provides service to a region which can be covered by an
antenna beam width of 4o. The satellite carries transponders for Ku band and C
band, with separate antennas for transmit and receive. For center frequencies of
14/12 GHz and 6/4 GHz, determine the Gain and Diameters of the four antennas
on the satellite. 7 3 4 2

Unit - IV
07 a) Mention the types of multiple access used in satellite communications. Discuss the
relative advantages and disadvantages. 8 2 2 2
b) What are the possible interference modes between satellite circuits and a terrestrial
station? Explain with diagram. 8 2 2 3
c)Explain what is meant by energy dispersal and how this may be achieved? 4 3 2 2
OR
08 a) Distinguish between DAMA and PAMA to an FDMA networks. 6 2 5 2
b) What are the ways of transponder assignment for multiple access? Compare them. 6 2 5 2
c) Derive the expressions for the maximum number of channels and throughput
efficiency in a CDMA system. 8 3 4 2

Unit - V
09 a) A ground station located at Tumakuru (13.3o N, 77.1) is receiving the transmission
from a DBS at 83.5oE. The [EIRP] is 50 dBW and the downlink frequency at 12.5
GHz. Transmission at the full capacity of 60 Mbps is assumed. Also,
miscellaneous losses of 2dB is assumed. An antenna with diameter 0.5m with
𝜂=0.7 is used. For the integrated receiver decoder (IRD), the equivalent noise
temperature at the input to the LNA is 100K and the antenna noise temperature is
70K. Calculate the look angles for the antenna, the slant range and the [Eb/No] at
the IRD. If the required [Eb/No] is 8dB, what are your comments on the link
availability? 10 4 5 2
b) With the aid of block schematic, explain indoor unit and outdoor unit of home
receiver used in DBS-TV. 10 4 5 2
OR
10 a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using GEO satellite
communications? 7 4 5 1
b) List the parameters to be considered while designing DBS satellite TV services?
Mention the significance of each parameter. 7 3 5 2
c) Discuss main features of RADARSAT satellite system. 6 2 5 1
________
USN 1 S I 8TE01
Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru – 572 103
(An Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)

Eighth Semester B.E. Telecommunication Engg. Examinations August 2021

Satellite Communication
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100
Note : Answer any five full questions from Q. No. 1 to Q. No. 10.

01 a) List and explain the important characteristics of orbital mechanics using Kepler’s laws. 6
BL: 2 CO: 1 PO: 1 PSO: 2

b) Explain the meaning and importance of the following:

i) Sun transit outage ii) Launching orbits iii) Earth eclipse of satellite 8
BL: 2 CO: 1 PO: 1 PSO: 2

c) The orbit for an earth-orbiting satellite orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and a semimajor axis of
9000 km. Determine (i) its periodic time; (ii) the apogee height; (iii) the perigee height. Assume
a mean value of 6371 km for the earth’s radius. 6
BL: 3 CO: 1 PO: 1 PSO: 2

02 a) Give the comparison of LEO, MEO and GEO with critical parameters. 6
BL: 1 CO: 1 PO: 1 PSO: 2

b) Define and explain the following:

i) Universal time ii) sidereal time iii) orbital elements iv) local mean time 8
BL: 1 CO: 1 PO: 1 PSO: 2

c) An earth station at latitude 30S is in communication with an earth station on the same longitude
at 30N, through a geostationary satellite. The satellite longitude is 20 east of the earth stations.
Calculate the antenna look angles for each earth station and the round-trip time, assuming this
consists of propagation delay only. 6
BL: 3 CO: 1 PO: 2 PSO: 2

03 a) Explain the effect of atmosphere losses, ionospheric variation and rain attenuation in satellite
space link design. 8
BL: 2 CO: 2 PO: 1 PSO: 2

b) Derive the equation for [C/N]Total for free space transmission and explain its significance. 6
BL: 3 CO: 2 PO: 2 PSO: 2

c) A satellite transponder requires a saturation flux density of _110 dbW/m2, operating at a

frequency of 14 GHz. Calculate the earth station [EIRP] required if total losses amount to 200
dB. 6
BL: 3 CO: 2 PO: 3 PSO: 2

04 a) Write the expressions [C/NO] for the up-link and down-link. What is the role of G/T? Explain. 8
BL: 2 CO: 2 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) The EIRP from a satellite is 49.4 dBW. Calculate (i) the power density at a ground station for
which the range is 40,000 km and (ii) the power delivered to a matched load at the ground station
receiver if the antenna gain is 50 dB. The downlink frequency is 4 GHz. 6
BL: 3 CO: 2 PO: 3 PSO: 2

c) What are input-backoff and output back-off? What is the relation between them? Explain for
TWT with a curve. 6
BL: CO: PO: PSO:
 -1- Please Turn Over
-2- 8TE01
05 a) With a neat block diagram, explain the receive only home TV system. 10
BL: 1 CO: 3 PO: 1 PSO: 2

b) Explain the meaning and importance of:

i) Station keeping ii) Thermal control iii) Attitude control 10
BL: 2 CO: 3 PO: 1 PSO: 2

06 a) With necessary diagrams, explain the principles of following: i) MATV ii) CATV 10
BL: 2 CO: 3 PO: 1 PSO: 2

b) With a neat block diagram, explain the functions of TT&C. 10

BL: 2 CO: 3 PO: 1 PSO: 2

07 a) Explain the principles and importance of SCPC system. 8

BL: 2 CO: 5 PO: 1 PSO: 2

b) What are pre-assigned TDMA and demand assigned TDMA? Explain. 6

BL: 2 CO: 5 PO: 1 PSO: 2

c) (i) Define and explain what is meant by frame frequency in relation to TDMA operation. (ii) In a
TDMA network the reference burst and the preamble each requires 560 bits, and the nominal
guard interval between bursts is equivalent to 120 bits. Given that there are eight traffic bursts
and one reference burst per frame and the total frame length is equivalent to 40,800 bits,
calculate the frame efficiency. 6
BL: 3 CO: 4 PO: 2 PSO: 2

08 a) Explain what is meant by single-entry interference. Explain why it is the radiation pattern of the
earth station antennas, not the satellite antennas, which governs the level of interference. 8
BL: 2 CO: 4 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) Explain the basic principles of DAMA and its application. 6

BL: 2 CO: 5 PO: 1 PSO: 2

c) Explain the FDMA down link analysis for [C/N]req. 6

BL: 2 CO: 5 PO: 1 PSO: 2

09 a) Illustrate typical DBS antenna installation and its outdoor unit schematic with an example. 8
BL: 3 CO: 4 PO: 2 PSO: 2

b) What are VSATs? What are its applications? Explain. 6

BL: 2 CO: 4 PO: 1 PSO: 2

c) Explain the principles of GPS with its segments and frequencies. 6

BL: 2 CO: 4 PO: 1 PSO: 2

10 a) Discuss DBS frequency plan for region-2 with a diagram. 6

BL: 2 CO: 5 PO: 1 PSO: 2

b) With respect to DBS services, explain the following:

i) Power rating and number of transponders ii) Frequencies and polarization 6
BL: 2 CO: 5 PO: 2 PSO: 2

c) Explain the features and applications of: i) Radarsat ii) Iridium Satellite systems 8
BL: 2 CO: 5 PO: 1 PSO: 2
________