📑 Constitution of India (10-Page Content Draft)
Title Page (Page 1)
The Constitution of India
A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction (Page 2)
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land, providing the
framework for political principles, procedures, and powers of government
institutions. It lays down the fundamental rights and duties of citizens,
ensuring justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. Adopted on 26th
November 1949 and enforced on 26th January 1950, it is the longest
written constitution in the world.
The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, chaired by Dr.
Rajendra Prasad, with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as the Chairman of the Drafting
Committee. It embodies the aspirations of the people of India and
ensures the functioning of a democratic republic.
Historical Background (Page 3)
The demand for a constitution dates back to the Indian freedom struggle.
Key milestones include:
1895: First draft of Swaraj Constitution by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
1919: Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms introduced limited self-
governance.
1935: Government of India Act became a major foundation for the
Constitution.
1946: Constituent Assembly was formed, consisting of 389
members.
1949: Constitution adopted on 26th November.
1950: Constitution enforced on 26th January, celebrated as
Republic Day.
Features of the Indian Constitution (Page 4)
1. World’s Longest Written Constitution – Over 470 articles and 12
schedules.
2. Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility – Some provisions are difficult to
amend, others are easy.
3. Federal System with Unitary Bias – Strong Centre with federal
features.
4. Parliamentary Form of Government – Executive accountable to
legislature.
5. Independent Judiciary – Guardian of Constitution.
6. Secularism – Equal respect for all religions.
7. Universal Adult Franchise – Every citizen above 18 can vote.
Preamble (Page 5)
The Preamble is the soul of the Constitution. It declares India as:
Sovereign – Independent authority.
Socialist – Commitment to social and economic justice.
Secular – Freedom of religion.
Democratic – People’s participation through elections.
Republic – Head of state is elected, not hereditary.
It also secures Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity for all citizens.
Fundamental Rights (Page 6)
The Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights:
1. Right to Equality (Articles 14–18)
2. Right to Freedom (Articles 19–22)
3. Right against Exploitation (Articles 23–24)
4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25–28)
5. Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29–30)
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32 – called the heart and
soul by Ambedkar)
Directive Principles & Fundamental Duties (Page 7)
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
Aim to establish social and economic democracy.
Include promotion of welfare, equitable distribution of resources,
free education, environmental protection, and international peace.
Fundamental Duties
Added by 42nd Amendment (1976).
Examples: Respect the Constitution, cherish freedom struggle,
protect environment, safeguard public property, and promote
harmony.
Structure of Government (Page 8)
The Constitution establishes a parliamentary system:
Union Government – President, Prime Minister, Council of
Ministers, Parliament.
State Governments – Governor, Chief Minister, Legislative
Assemblies.
Judiciary – Supreme Court, High Courts, Subordinate Courts.
The division of powers between Union and States is outlined in the Union
List, State List, and Concurrent List.
Amendments to the Constitution (Page 9)
The Constitution can be amended in three ways:
1. By Simple Majority (e.g., creation of new states).
2. By Special Majority (e.g., Fundamental Rights changes).
3. By Special Majority + Ratification by States (e.g., changes to federal
provisions).
Important amendments:
42nd Amendment (1976) – Mini Constitution, added Fundamental
Duties.
44th Amendment (1978) – Restored democratic values after
Emergency.
73rd & 74th Amendments (1992) – Panchayati Raj and Urban Local
Bodies.
103rd Amendment (2019) – 10% reservation for EWS (Economically
Weaker Sections).
Conclusion (Page 10)
The Constitution of India is not just a legal document but a living
document that evolves with time. It has guided India for over seven
decades, ensuring democracy, unity, and diversity. By guaranteeing rights
and duties, balancing flexibility with stability, and providing mechanisms
for justice, it has become the backbone of the world’s largest democracy.
As Dr. B. R. Ambedkar rightly said:
"However good a Constitution may be, if those who are implementing it
are not good, it will prove to be bad. However bad a Constitution may be,
if those who are implementing it are good, it will prove to be good."
