Fire Alarm using BJT

M Niranjan C N Veeresh B Manikanta Mallikarjun V R ELECTONICS AND

[email protected]

Abstract— This paper gives the brief design of the hardware model & its development of a
fire alarm circuit in crowded places is presented in brief. Fire Alarm Circuit is a simple
circuit that detects the fire and activates the Siren Sound or Buzzer. Fire Alarm Circuits are
very important devices to detect fire in the right time and prevent any damage to people or
property. Fire Alarm Circuits and Smoke Sensors are a part of the security systems which
help in detecting or preventing damage. Installing Fire Alarm Systems and Smoke Sensors
in commercial buildings like offices, movie theatres, shopping malls and other public
places is compulsory. There are many expensive and sophisticated Fire Alarm Circuit in
the form of stand-alone devices, but we have designed five very simple Fire Alarm Circuits
using common components like Thermistor, LM358, Germanium Diode, LM341 and
NE555.This is a very simple alarm circuit using Thermistor, LM358 Operational Amplifier
and a Buzzer. The primary purpose of fire alarm systems is to provide an early warning of
fire so that people can be. Evacuated & immediate action can be taken to stop or eliminate
of the fire effect as soon as possible Alarm can be triggered by using detectors

Keywords – Fire, Alaram, Detection, Put-off, Buzzer, Sound, Sensor

I. INTRODUCTION

In our day-to-day life, we typically use several electronic appliances such as calling bell,
TV remote, automatic outdoor lights, automatic door opening systems, fire alarm systems,
etc. [1]-[4]. These electronic home appliances are designed using various electronics
projects that include sensor-based circuits, microcontroller-based circuits, embedded
circuits, communication-based projects and so on. In this article, let us discuss simple
fire alarm circuit using thermistor. The most essential electronic device at home or
industry or any other place where there is a chance of fire accident is a fire alarm circuit.
The fire alarm circuit can be defined as an electronic circuit used for identifying fire
accidents and alerts. Thus, by using the fire alarm circuit, we can avoid financial loss and
save people from dangerous fire accidents [5]-[8].

Safety and health are two important parameters that humans should always take care of.
These two things are necessary for doing any work anywhere, either workplace, or homes,
or streets; safety matters. A safe workplace reduces injury and illness expenses, increases
productivity and quality. To put it another way, safety is beneficial to the company. Safety
comes with precautions. And that’s why people are installing alarms on every level of
industries, home, industries, etc. One of those alarms is the fire alarm, to immediately
protect surroundings from fire [9]-[12]. Thus, this article discusses the fire alarm circuit
diagram. Fig. 1 gives the fire indication & observation by the human being whereas Fig.2.
gives the problem statement & how to solve the defined problem.

II. PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEWS

FIG. 1: FIRE INDICATION & OBSERVATION BY THE HUMAN BEING

III. LITERATURE SURVEY

A few researchers, engineers, authors, students, faculties across the globe have worked
on the fire alarm detection circuit. Here follows a brief review of some of the base papers
which we have followed and compared in the form of a table with their advantages &
lacunas [17]-[20].

IV. SCOPE, PROBLEM STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVE

In big cities, the problem is associated with the space and high installation cost of fire
alarms. Therefore, these are not affordable for the middle class. So, we have designed a
fire alarm system that all people can use. It will detect the fire and alert the residents.
Therefore, we have designed our problem statement as fire alarm circuit. It requires less
installation space.

V. AIM & OBJECTIVES

Here, the main aim & the objectives of the project work are presented [25]-[28]

The primary purpose of fire alarm systems is to provide an early warning of fire so that
people can be evacuated & immediate action can be taken to stop or eliminate the fire
effect as soon as possible. The objective of this work is to construct a device that will
detect fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion.

V. METHODOLOGY

The methodology is presented in this section [29]-[30].

The fire alarm working principle is based on thermistor used in the fire alarm circuit. This
fire alarm circuit is used to identify and indicate an increase in temperature beyond a
certain value (temperature of enclosed area).

VI. PHOTOGRAPHS
 VII. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

In this section, the results & discussions of the mini project work are presented in a
nutshell. It provides an early warning of fire so that people can be evacuated & immediate
action can be taken to stop or eliminate the fire effect as soon as possible. A circuit is
designed that will detect the fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with
combustion. Fig. 3 gives the designed electronic circuit diagram for the detection of the fire
alarm, whereas Fig. 4 gives the photographic view of the developed electronic circuitry for
fire detecting using the bread board. Similarly, Fig. 5 gives the basic components used in
the development of the electronic fire alarm detection circuit, whereas Fig. 6 gives the fire
alarm detection symbols & hardware utilized. The experimental results show the
effectiveness of the methodology that was developed by the mini-project team.

VIII. CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK

The hardware design & development of a fire alarm circuit in crowded places was
presented in this paper. Here, electronic circuitry was designed for different types of
applications. Hence electronic circuits can be designed for fire-based alarms, and they
provide very high efficiency and can be used for security reasons. Early fire detection is
best achieved by the installation and maintenance of fire detection equipment in all rooms
and areas of the house or building. To overcome disadvantages and looking for
implementation of automatic fire detection is one of the outcomes of the paper.

REFERENCES

[1]. Fire alarm circuit using LM358 (Mini project) – https://theorycircuit.com/fire-alarm-

[2]. Electronic fire alarm by Manav Jain and Dr. Mohammed Jawaid Siddiqui, paper-based
fire alarm circuit: past, present and future perspectives, India, Volume 12, Issue 2, 2021.
[3]. Fire detection alarm system using Arduino UNO R3 by Naveen Kumar Parama Sivam
Sivam – This paper had the idea of detecting fire using a flame sensor and they have used
Arduino UNO R3, 2020.

[4]. Intelligent Fire alarm system based on MCU; Sheng Zeng, Wen Xiao, Xu sheng Hu
(2020) IEEE 2nd International conference on civil aviation safety and information
technology (ICCASIT).

[5]. Implementation of an in-campus fire alarm system using ZigBee; Meera C S, Sunil
Sunny, Richa Singh.