Practical Record File

Submitted For

Artificial Intelligence

Session-2024-25

Submitted By- Submitted To-

Student Name: Mrs. Priyadarshini Sadhu

Class: Mrs. Priya Pansare
CBSE Roll No.:

1
 CERTIFICATE
CLASS: X B SUBJECT: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

EXAMINATION: AISSE 2024-2025 SUBJECT CODE: 417

This is to certify that this Project/Assignment/Activity is the work of

Shri/Kumari ______________________________________________.
Registration No. ___________________________ Board Exam Roll No. _________________ .

He/She has completed the Project under my supervision. He/She has taken proper care and shown utmost
sincerity in completion of this Project/Assignment/Activity.
I certify that, this Project/Assignment/Activity is up to my expectations and as per the guidelines issued by
CBSE.

EXTERNAL EXAMINER PRINCIPAL

(Signature) (Signature)

______________________ ________________________

INTERNAL EXAMINER SCHOOL STAMP

(Signature)

_________________________

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks to my Director Principal Dr. Amrita Vohra, HM Mrs. Reshmi
Sinha and my teachers Mrs. Priyadarshani Sadhu and Mrs. Priya Pansare whose valuable guidance has
helped me patch this project and make it a full proof success. Her suggestions and instructions have server as
the major contributors towards the completion of this project.
I would also like to thank my parents for their constant support throughout the year which helped me
complete the project.

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am deeply grateful for the opportunity to express my profound appreciation to several individuals and
entities who have played a pivotal role in the realization of this project's success. It is with immense
pleasure that I extend my special thanks to Mrs. Amrita Vohra, our esteemed principal, Mrs. Reshmi
Sinha, our inspirational Headmistress, Mrs. Preety Menon, our passionate Segment Head, and Mrs.
Priyadarshini Sadhu and Mrs. Priya Pansare, my dedicated teachers. Their unwavering commitment to
guiding and mentoring me has been invaluable throughout this project's journey. Their insightful
suggestions, words of wisdom, and precise instructions have served as the cornerstone of this endeavour.
Furthermore, I must acknowledge the extraordinary support provided by the Information Technology
Department at Elpro International School. Their infrastructure, resources, and expertise have been
instrumental in shaping the project and ensuring its completion. The collaborative spirit and cutting-edge
knowledge within the department have enriched my learning experience and significantly contributed to
the project's success.
I also want to extend my heartfelt gratitude to my parents, whose continuous support and encouragement
have been a constant source of motivation. Their belief in my abilities and their willingness to provide
unwavering support throughout the year have been instrumental in overcoming challenges and staying
focused on the project's objectives.
This project would not have reached its successful culmination without the collective efforts and guidance
of these individuals and institutions. Their support has not only enriched my learning journey but has also
been a testament to the power of teamwork and mentorship. As I reflect upon this project's completion, I
am reminded of the profound impact that collaborative efforts can have on achieving excellence. Once
again, thank you to everyone who played a part in this endeavour, and I look forward to applying the
knowledge and skills gained from this experience to future challenges and opportunities.

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 INDEX

Sr. No Title Page

No.
1 Write a Python program to print letters in the word “School” as shown below:
S
c
h
o
o
l
2 Write a Python program to add “Strawberry” to the following list:
[“Apple”, Kiwi”]

3 Write a Python code to count the total characters given in the string below:

“Artificial Intelligence”

4 Write a Python program to sort the following list in ascending order:

[50,40,30,10,20,100,70,80,60,90]
5 Create a list in Python of children selected for science quiz with the following names:
Arjun, Sonakshi, Vikram, Sandhya, Sonal, Isha, Kartik.
Perform the following tasks on the list in sequence-
 Print the whole list.
 Delete the name “Vikram” from the list.
 Add the name “Jay” at the end.

6 Write a Python program to print the following pattern:

*
**
***
****
*****
7 Write a Python program to print the data type of the variable x.
X=10.

8 Write a program to retrieve the character located at index 1.

a = "Hello, World!"

9 Write a Python program to loop through the letters in the word "banana".

B
a
n
a
n
a

10 Write a Python program to get the length of a string.

5
Sr. No Title Page
No.
11 Write a Python program to get the characters from position 2 to position 5:

12 Write a Python program to extract characters from position 2 to the end of the string:
"Hello, World!"

13 Write a program to merge variable a with variable b into variable c.

14 Write a python to print each fruit in a fruit list:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

15 Write a Python program to exit the loop when x is "banana":

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

16 Write a Python program to check number is even or odd between 1-10 numbers.

17 Write a Python code to print the following pattern:

Enter the number of rows: 5
*****
****
***
**
*
18 Write a program to load and display any image.

19 Write a code to display any image in RGB Format

20 Write a program to display any image in greyscale format.

21 Write a program to heck the size of any image.

22 Write a program to check the image's min and max pixel values.

23 Write a program to resize the image.

24 Write a program to load a CSV file.

25 Write a program to print the following array in NumPy.

[10 20 30 40 40 50]

26 Write a program to find out stop words in English.

27 Write a program to remove affixes of words given below by using the stemming
technique.

28 Write a program to remove affixes of the word ‘Change’ by using the Lemmatization
technique.

 Project Work: Chatbots

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 Python Programs
1. Write a Python program to print letters in the word “School” as shown below:
S
c
h
o
o
l

Code:
for x in “School”:
print(x)

Output:

S
c
h
o
o
l

2. Write a Python Program to add “Strawberry” to the following list:

[“Apple”, “Kiwi”]

Code:

FruitList = ['Apple', 'Kiwi']

FruitList.append('Strawberry')
print(FruitList)

Output: ['Apple', 'Kiwi', 'Strawberry']

3. Write a Python Program to count the total characters given in the string below:

“Artificial Intelligence”

Code:

str = "Artificial Intelligence"

list = []
for x in str:
list.append(x)
print(len(list))

Output: 23

4. Write a Python Program to sort the following list in ascending order:

[50, 40, 30, 10, 20, 100, 70, 80, 60, 90]

7
Code:

numList = [50, 40, 30, 10, 20, 100, 70, 80, 60, 90]

numList.sort()

print(numList)

Output: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]

5. Write a Python Program to create a list of children selected for science quiz with the following
names:

Arjun, Sonakshi, Vikram, Sandhya, Sonal, Isha, Kartik

Perform the following tasks on the list in sequence:

 Print the whole list.

Code:
sciquiz = ['Arjun', 'Sonakshi', 'Vikram', 'Sandhya', 'Sonal', 'Isha', 'Kartik']

print(sciquiz)

Output: ['Arjun', 'Sonakshi', 'Vikram', 'Sandhya', 'Sonal', 'Isha', 'Kartik']

 Delete the name “Vikram” from the list.

Code:

sciquiz = ['Arjun', 'Sonakshi', 'Vikram', 'Sandhya', 'Sonal', 'Isha', 'Kartik']

del sciquiz[2]

print(sciquiz)

Output: ['Arjun', 'Sonakshi', 'Sandhya', 'Sonal', 'Isha', 'Kartik']

 Add the name “Jay” at the end.

Code:
sciquiz = ['Arjun', 'Sonakshi', 'Vikram', 'Sandhya', 'Sonal', 'Isha', 'Kartik']

del sciquiz[2]

sciquiz.append('Jay')

print(sciquiz)

Output: ['Arjun', 'Sonakshi', 'Sandhya', 'Sonal', 'Isha', 'Kartik', 'Jay']

6. Write a Python Program to print the following pattern:

*
**
***
****

8
*****
Code:
a = '*'
for x in range (1, 6, 1):
print(a)
a += "*"

Output:
*
**
***
****
*****

7. Write a Python program to print the data type of the variable x.

x=5

Code:

x=5

print(type(x))

Output: <class 'int'>

8. Write a program to retrieve the character located at index 1.

a = "Hello, World!"

Code:

a = "Hello, World!"

print(a[1])

Output: e

9. Write a Python program to print letters in the word “Banana” as shown below:
B
a
n
a
n
a
Code:

for x in "banana":

print(x)

Output:

9
B
a
n
a
n
a

10. Write a Python program to get the length of a string.

a = "Hello, World!"

Code:

a = "Hello, World!"

print(len(a))

Output: 13

11. Write a Python program to get the characters from position 2 to position 5:

b="Hello, World!"

Code:

b = "Hello, World!"

print (b [2:5])

Output: llo

12. Write a Python program to extract characters from position 2 to the end of the string: "Hello,
World!"

Code:

b="Hello, World!"

print (b [2:])

Output: llo, World!

13. Write a program to merge variable a with variable b into variable c.

a = "Hello"
b = "World"

Code:

a = "Hello"

b = "World"

c=a+""+b

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print(c)

Output: Hello World

14. Write a python to print each fruit in a fruit list:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

Code:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in fruits:

print(x)

Output:
apple
banana
cherry

15. Write a Python program to exit the loop when x is "banana":

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

Code:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in fruits:

print(x)

if x == "banana":

break

Output:

apple
banana

16. Write a Python program to check number is even or odd between 1-10 numbers.

Code:

for i in range (1, 11):

if i % 2 == 0:

print ('Even Number:', i)

else:

print ('Odd Number:', i)

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Output:

Odd Number: 1

Even Number: 2

Odd Number: 3

Even Number: 4

Odd Number: 5

Even Number: 6

Odd Number: 7

Even Number: 8

Odd Number: 9

Even Number: 10

17. Write a Python code to print the following pattern:

Enter the number of rows: 5

*****
****
***
**
*
Code:

rows = int(input("Enter the number of rows:"))

for i in range(rows + 1, 0, -1):

for j in range(0, i - 1): # here, we are declaring the for loop to print the pattern

print("*", end=' ')

print(" ")

Output:

*****
****
***
**
*

18. Write a program to load and display any image.

Code:

12
pip install opencv-python

import cv2

import matplotlib. pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

img=cv2.imread('cat.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)

plt.imshow(img)

plt.title('cat')

plt.axis('on')

plt.show()

Output:

19. Write a code to display any image in RGB Format

Code:

pip install opencv-python

import cv2

import matplotlib. pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)

plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img, 4))

plt.title('cat')

plt.axis('off')

plt.show()

Output:

13
20. Write a program to display any image in greyscale format.

Code:

pip install opencv-python

import cv2

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img, 4))

plt.title('cat')

plt.axis('off')

plt.show()

Output:

21. Write a program to check the size of any image.

14
Code:

pip install opencv-python

import cv2

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg', 0)

print(img.shape)

Output: (427,640)

22. Write a program to check the image's min and max pixel values.

Code:

pip install opencv-python

import cv2

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg')

print(img.min())

15
print(img.max())

Output:

254

23. Write a program to resize the image given below:

Code:

pip install opencv-python

import cv2

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('cat.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)

new_img = cv2.resize(img, (70, 100))

plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(new_img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))

plt.title('cat')

plt.axis('on')

plt.show()

print(new_img.shape)

Output:

16
24. Write a program to load the following CSV file.

Filename: CSV_Demo.csv

Code:

import numpy

!pip install numpy

import numpy as np

df= pd.read_csv('CSV_Demo.csv')

print(df.to_string())

Output:

17
25. Write a program to print the following array in NumPy.

[10 20 30 40 40 50]

Code:

import numpy

!pip install numpy

import numpy as np

arr=np.array([10,20,30,40,40,50])

print(arr)

Output: [10 20 30 40 40 50]

26. Write a program to find out stop words in English.

Code:

pip install nltk

import nltk

nltk.download()

from nltk.corpus import stopwords as sw

print(sw.words('english'))

Output:

['i', 'me', 'my', 'myself', 'we', 'our', 'ours', 'ourselves', 'you', "you're", "you've", "you'll", "you'd", 'your', 'yours',
'yourself', 'yourselves', 'he', 'him', 'his', 'himself', 'she', "she's", 'her', 'hers', 'herself', 'it', "it's", 'its', 'itself',
'they', 'them', 'their', 'theirs', 'themselves', 'what', 'which', 'who', 'whom', 'this', 'that', "that'll", 'these', 'those',
'am', 'is', 'are', 'was', 'were', 'be', 'been', 'being', 'have', 'has', 'had', 'having', 'do', 'does', 'did', 'doing', 'a', 'an',
'the', 'and', 'but', 'if', 'or', 'because', 'as', 'until', 'while', 'of', 'at', 'by', 'for', 'with', 'about', 'against', 'between',
'into', 'through', 'during', 'before', 'after', 'above', 'below', 'to', 'from', 'up', 'down', 'in', 'out', 'on', 'off', 'over',
'under', 'again', 'further', 'then', 'once', 'here', 'there', 'when', 'where', 'why', 'how', 'all', 'any', 'both', 'each', 'few',
'more', 'most', 'other', 'some', 'such', 'no', 'nor', 'not', 'only', 'own', 'same', 'so', 'than', 'too', 'very', 's', 't', 'can',
'will', 'just', 'don', "don't", 'should', "should've", 'now', 'd', 'll', 'm', 'o', 're', 've', 'y', 'ain', 'aren', "aren't", 'couldn',
"couldn't", 'didn', "didn't", 'doesn', "doesn't", 'hadn', "hadn't", 'hasn', "hasn't", 'haven', "haven't", 'isn', "isn't",
'ma', 'mightn', "mightn't", 'mustn', "mustn't", 'needn', "needn't", 'shan', "shan't", 'shouldn', "shouldn't", 'wasn',
"wasn't", 'weren', "weren't", 'won', "won't", 'wouldn', "wouldn't"]

27. Write a program to remove affixes of words given below by using the stemming technique:

Change, Planned, Acting.

Code:

18
import nltk

from nltk.stem import PorterStemmer

ps=PorterStemmer()

ps.stem('changes')

Output: 'chang'

Code:

ps=PorterStemmer()

ps.stem('Planned')

Output: 'plan'

Code:

ps=PorterStemmer()

ps.stem('Acting')

Output: 'act'

28. Write a program to remove affixes of the word ‘Change’ by using the Lemmatization technique.

Code:

import nltk

from nltk.stem import PorterStemmer

w1=WordNetLemmatizer()

w1.lemmatize('changes')

Output: 'change'

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Project Work - Chatbots: Revolutionizing Communication and Automation
Chatbots are AI-powered programs designed to simulate
human-like conversations through text or voice interactions.
They have become essential tools for businesses to optimize
operations, improve customer satisfaction, and drive innovation.
Evolving from basic rule-based systems to advanced AI-driven
agents, chatbots can handle large volumes of interactions and
adapt to user needs. This research explores their evolution,
types, applications, advantages, challenges, examples, and
future potential, highlighting their growing influence on
communication and automation.

Evolution of Chatbots
The first chatbot, ELIZA, created in 1966 by Joseph Weizenbaum, demonstrated how computers could
simulate conversation using a simple rule-based framework. It mimicked a psychotherapist by analysing text
inputs and generating pre-scripted responses. While innovative,
ELIZA's limitations highlighted the need for more advanced
systems. In 1972, PARRY advanced the field by simulating a
patient with paranoid schizophrenia, incorporating more complex
conversational logic. The 1995 creation of ALICE introduced
pattern-matching techniques, allowing for more dynamic
interactions. The integration of natural language processing
(NLP) and machine learning in the early 2000s further
transformed chatbots, leading to intelligent systems like Siri,
Alexa, and Google Assistant. Today, advanced chatbots like
ChatGPT and Google Bard are capable of understanding context, interpreting user intent, and engaging in
sophisticated, nuanced conversations, marking a significant leap from early chatbot technology.

Types of Chatbots
Chatbots are classified into two primary categories:

1. Rule-Based Chatbots

o Operate using predefined rules and scripts.

o Best suited for structured and specific

queries.

o Example: FAQ bots on websites that

provide straightforward responses.

o Limitations: Unable to handle

unstructured inputs or dynamic
conversations.

2. AI-Powered Chatbots

o Leverage machine learning (ML), NLP, and AI to understand and adapt to user intent.

20
 o Capable of handling diverse and complex queries, offering dynamic and personalized
interactions.

o Example: ChatGPT, which generates detailed, context-aware responses.

o Advantages: Self-learning capabilities that improve over time, enabling greater efficiency and
versatility.

Applications of Chatbots
1. Customer Service:

o Provide instant responses, reduce query resolution

time, and handle repetitive tasks efficiently.

o Examples: Domino’s chatbot for order placements;

Zendesk Chat for automating customer support.

2. E-Commerce:

o Assist with product recommendations, order tracking, and personalized shopping experiences.

o Examples: Sephora’s Virtual Assistant for beauty advice; H&M chatbot for style suggestions.

3. Healthcare:

o Aid in appointment scheduling, symptom

checking, medication reminders, and mental
health support.

o Examples: Woebot for therapeutic

conversations; Babylon Health for health
assessments.

4. Education:

o Enhance learning through interactive exercises, student support, and administrative

assistance.

o Examples: Duolingo chatbot for language practice; university chatbots for admissions
queries.

5. Entertainment and Gaming:

o Foster engaging experiences with interactive

storytelling and personalized recommendations.

o Examples: AI Dungeon for immersive

storytelling; Netflix’s chatbot for content
suggestions.

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 6. Travel and Tourism:

o Facilitate booking, itinerary management, and travel updates.

o Example: Expedia chatbot for real-time travel assistance.

7. Government Services:

o Simplify public service interactions, such as tax filing, license renewal, and public inquiries.

o Examples: Chatbots for transit schedule information or tax return guidance.

Advantages of Chatbots
1. Improved Efficiency: Chatbots are capable of handling numerous interactions at once, reducing
response times and enabling businesses to efficiently manage large volumes of customer inquiries.
This leads to quicker issue resolution for users and optimized workflows for organizations.
2. Cost Savings: By automating routine and repetitive tasks, chatbots minimize the need for additional
customer service staff, resulting in substantial savings on recruitment, training, and operational costs.
3. Round-the-Clock Availability: Unlike human agents, chatbots provide continuous, 24/7 support,
ensuring that businesses can serve customers from
different time zones without any delays.
Improved
Efficiency
4. Personalized Interactions: AI-powered chatbots
analyse user data, including behaviours, Wide
Applicability
Cost Savings
Across
preferences, and previous interactions, to offer Industries

tailored responses and product recommendations, Advantages of

Chatbots
enhancing the overall user experience and
satisfaction. Scalable
Solutions
Round-the-
Clock
During High
Availability
Traffic

5. Scalable Solutions During High Traffic: Chatbots Personalized

Interactions
effortlessly handle increased demand during peak
times, such as holidays or promotional events,
maintaining high-quality service without the need
for additional resources.
6. Wide Applicability Across Industries: Chatbots are versatile and can be integrated into various
sectors, including customer service, marketing, sales, education, and healthcare, demonstrating their
broad potential.
7. Inclusive Accessibility: Chatbots can cater to users with disabilities by incorporating features such
as voice interaction and screen reader compatibility, ensuring equal access to services for all.

Challenges in Applying Chatbots

1. High Development Costs: Developing AI-powered chatbots demands substantial investment in
infrastructure, training datasets, and algorithm development. This makes it a barrier for small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to adopt.

2. Understanding Complex Queries: Even advanced AI chatbots may struggle to interpret ambiguous
language, sarcasm, idioms, or slang. This can lead to miscommunication or irrelevant responses,
frustrating users.

22
 3. Data Privacy and Security: Chatbots handling sensitive information, such as in healthcare or
finance, must comply with strict regulations like GDPR or HIPAA. Ensuring secure storage,
encryption, and data handling is a significant challenge.

4. User Frustration: Poorly designed chatbots that fail High

Development
to
understand or resolve user queries may lead to Costs

dissatisfaction. Users often prefer the option to Cultural and

Linguistic
Barriers
Understanding
Complex
Queries

escalate issues to human agents when chatbots fall

short.
Challenges
in Applying
5. Reliance on Connectivity: Chatbots require a stable Limited
Emotional
Chatbots
Data Privacy and
Security
Intelligence
internet connection to function efficiently. In areas
with poor connectivity, their usability and
effectiveness are compromised. Reliance on
User Frustration
Connectivity

6. Limited Emotional Intelligence: Chatbots often lack

the ability to fully recognize and respond to human
emotions, which can lead to impersonal or inappropriate interactions, especially in customer service
or mental health applications.

7. Cultural and Linguistic Barriers: Adapting chatbots to diverse cultural and linguistic nuances is
complex. Regional dialects, cultural contexts, and unique language structures can pose challenges in
creating universally effective chatbots.

Future Trends in Chatbots

1. Enhanced Emotional Intelligence: Chatbots are evolving to detect subtle emotional cues in
conversations, such as tone and sentiment, to respond empathetically. These advancements are
expected to enhance customer satisfaction in fields like mental health support, conflict resolution,
and personalized customer care.

2. Voice Assistant Integration: The integration of chatbots with voice technologies will allow users to
interact seamlessly with devices using natural language. For instance, voice-enabled chatbots are
expected to become central in smart homes, wearable technology, and automotive systems for hands-
free assistance.

3. Multilingual Capabilities: Future chatbots will

use advanced NLP models to provide support
across hundreds of languages and dialects,
enabling businesses to cater to a global audience
while maintaining cultural and linguistic
sensitivity.

4. Industry-Specific Customization: Chatbots will become more tailored to niche industries. In

healthcare, for example, chatbots may support telemedicine consultations, while in legal services,
they could guide clients through complex legal documentation or case queries.

5. AR/VR Integration: Combining chatbots with augmented and virtual reality will revolutionize
industries like gaming, e-commerce, and education. For example, shoppers could use AR-enabled
chatbots to virtually try on clothes or view furniture in their homes before purchase.

23
Examples of Modern Chatbots

1. ChatGPT by OpenAI: One of the most advanced conversational AI models, ChatGPT is capable of
generating creative content, answering technical queries, providing coding assistance, and even
serving as a tutor in various subjects. It is widely used in customer support, educational platforms,
and content creation industries.
2. Google Assistant by Google Inc.: This AI-powered assistant is integrated into millions of devices,
helping users perform tasks like setting reminders, playing music, controlling smart home devices,
and retrieving information from the web. Its seamless voice interaction capabilities make it a
household staple.
3. Watson Assistant by IBM: IBM's Watson Assistant is a robust chatbot solution designed for
business environments. It powers customer service, process automation, and industry-specific
solutions, particularly in healthcare, finance, and retail sectors.
4. Amazon Alexa: Alexa is Amazon's voice-activated assistant, available on Echo and other smart
devices. It performs tasks like setting reminders, controlling smart home gadgets, playing music,
providing news, and placing orders from Amazon. Alexa uses natural language processing (NLP) to
understand and respond to commands, and integrates with third-party apps for enhanced
functionality.
5. Siri by Apple: Siri is Apple's voice assistant, integrated across iPhones, iPads, Macs, and Apple
Watches. It can send messages, answer questions, set alarms, and provide weather updates. Siri uses
machine learning and voice recognition to interpret commands and improve responses, seamlessly
integrating with the Apple ecosystem for hands-free interaction.

Conclusion:
Chatbots have evolved from rule-based systems to sophisticated AI-driven tools that redefine human-
computer interaction. Their applications across industries demonstrate their versatility and ability to enhance
operational efficiency, customer engagement, and user experiences. Despite challenges such as development
costs, data privacy concerns, and limitations in understanding complex inputs, the future of chatbots holds
immense promise. With advancements in emotional intelligence, multilingual capabilities, and sustainable
development, chatbots are poised to become indispensable in a digital-first world. By addressing current
limitations and embracing emerging trends, chatbots will continue to transform industries, fostering
innovation, accessibility, and meaningful connections between businesses and users worldwide.

24