Control and coordination

VERY SHORT QUESTIONS (1 Mark)

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ's)

1. Which of the following is a plant hormone?

(a) Insulin
(b) Thyroxine
(c) Estrogen
(d) Cytokinin

2. The movement of plant shoot towards light is an example of:

(a) Hydrotropism
(b) Chemotropism
(c) Geotropism
(d) Phototropism

3. Which among the following is not a function of the brain?

(a) Thinking
(b) Regulating the heart beat
(c) Balancing the body
(d) Producing blood cells

4. In a reflex action, the reflex arc is formed by: [CBSE 2018, 2021]
(a) Brain, Spinal Cord, Muscle
(b) Receptor, Sensory neuron, Spinal cord, Motor neuron, Effector
(c) Muscle, Sensory neuron, Brain
(d) Spinal cord only

5. The main function of the abscisic acid hormone in plants is to:

(a) Promote growth
(b) Promote cell division
(c) Inhibit growth
(d) Promote flowering
6. Which part of the brain maintains posture and balance of the body?
CBSE 2015, 2019
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Medulla
(d) Pons

7. Which of the following is an example of a reflex action? [CBSE 2021]

(a) Reading a book
(b) Chewing food
(c) Blinking of eyes
(d) Walking in a park

8. Select out of the following a gland which does NOT occur as a pair in the human
body: (2024)
(a) Pituitary
(b) Ovary
(c) Testis
(d) Adrenal

9. Select from the following a plant hormone which promotes cell division. (CBSE
2024)
(a) Gibberellins
(b) Auxins
(c) Abscisic Acid
(d) Cytokinins

10. A plant growth inhibitor hormone that causes wilting of leaves is called: (2024)
(a) Auxin
(b) Cytokinin
(c) Abscisic acid
(d) Gibberellin

11. Which of the following is not a function of the spinal cord?

(a) Reflex actions
(b) Relaying messages between brain and body
(c) Intelligence and memory
(d) Coordination of involuntary actions

12. A student accidentally touches a hot object and withdraws his hand. The
withdrawal is an example of:
(a) Voluntary action
(b) Reflex action
(c) Involuntary action
(d) Hormonal response

13. The correct sequence of events when someone's hand touches a hot object
unconsciously: (2024)
(a) Receptors in skin → Motor neuron → Relay neuron → Sensory neuron → Effector
muscle in arm
(b) Receptors in skin → Relay neuron → Sensory neuron → Motor neuron → Effector
muscle in arm
(c) Receptors in skin → Sensory neuron → Relay neuron → Motor neuron → Effector
muscle in arm
(d) Receptors in skin → Sensory neuron → Effector muscle in arm → Motor neuron →
Relay neuron

14. If the cerebellum of a person is injured, which of the following activities will be
affected the most?
(a) Reading a book
(b) Maintaining posture while walking
(c) Digesting food
(d) Beating of heart

15. A plant in a room bends towards the window. Which of the following causes this?
[CBSE2023]
(a) Gravitropism
(b) Hydrotropism
(c) Phototropism
(d) Thigmotropism
Assertion and Reason type of Questions

In the following questions a statement of Assertion is followed by a statement of

Reason.
Mark the correct choice as two statements are given one labeled Assertion (A) and
the other labeled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the
codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): Reflex actions are automatic and do not involve the brain
immediately.

Reason (R): Reflex arcs are controlled by the spinal cord. [ CBSE 2022]
17. Assertion (A): Reflex actions are automatic and do not involve the
brain immediately.

Reason (R): Reflex arcs are controlled by the spinal cord.

18. Assertion (A): Thyroid gland requires iodine for the synthesis of thyroxine
hormone.

Reason (R): Deficiency of iodine leads to a disease called goitre.

19. Assertion (A): Auxins promote cell elongation and are responsible for
phototropism.

Reason (R): Auxins accumulate equally on both sides of the stem.

20. Assertion (A): Adrenaline increases heartbeat and breathing rate in emergencies.

Reason (R): Adrenaline helps the body to cope with stressful situations.

21. Assertion (A): Cerebellum controls voluntary actions like thinking and reasoning.

Reason (R): Cerebellum maintains posture and balance.

22. Assertion (A): Hormonal responses are slower but longer-lasting than nervous
responses.

Reason (R): Hormones are transported through blood and affect target organs
gradually.

23. Assertion (A): Cytokinins help in cell division in plants.

Reason (R): Cytokinins are responsible for ripening of fruits.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

(2 and 3 Marks)
24. What is synapse? How does a nerve impulse travel across a synapse?[ CBSE 2013,
2017, 2020]

25. Explain the role of the brain in reflex action.[CBSE 2016, 2023]
26. Name the part of the brain responsible for:
(a) maintaining posture and balance of the body
(b) controlling voluntary actions [ CBSE 2012, 2018]

27. Explain reflex arc with neat diagram

28. Name the hormones responsible for:

(i) phototropism
(ii) ripening of fruit [CBSE 2011, 2020]

29. What is phototropism? Draw a diagram to show it.[ CBSE 2015, 2022]

30. How do tendrils respond to touch? What type of movement is it? [CBSE 2014, 2019]

31. What is the function of the medulla in the human brain? [CBSE 2013, 2016]

32. Why is the use of iodised salt advisable? [ CBSE 2011, 2017, 2021]

33. A squirrel is in a scary situation. Its body has to prepare for either fighting or
running away. State the immediate changes that take place in its body so that the
squirrel is able to either fight or run. (2020)

34. (A) How is the movement of the leaves of a sensitive plant different from the
downward movement of the roots? (2024)
OR
(B) There is a hormone which regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in
our body. Name the hormone and the gland which secretes it. Why is it important for
us to have iodised salt in our diet?

35. Define reflex action. With the help of a flow chart show the path of a reflex action
such as sneezing. (2024)

36. State the function of the following:[ CBSE 2011, 2014, 2023]
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Medulla oblongata

37. A cheetah, on seeing a prey, moves towards him at a very high speed. What causes
the movement of his muscles? How does the chemistry of cellular components of
muscles change during this event? (2020)

38. Why is chemical communication better than electrical impulses as a means of

communication between cells in a multicellular organism? (2020)

39. "Explain why endocrine glands are termed ductless glands."

40. (a) Name one organ each where growth hormone is synthesized in man
and plant.
(b) List the sequence of events that occur when a plant is exposed to unidirectional
light, leading to bending of a growing shoot. Also name the hormone and the type of
movement. (2020)

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS(5 Marks)

41. (a) What are sensory and motor neurons? Write their function. (CBSE 2018C)
(b) Different parts of brain are associated with specific functions. Name the part of
human brain which performs the following functions:
(i) Sensation of feeling full
(ii) Vomiting

42. What are the functions of the following in the human nervous system?
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Medulla
(d) Spinal cord
(e) Hypothalamus [ CBSE 2012, 2018, 2023]

43. Describe the structure and working of the human brain. How is it protected from
injury? [ CBSE 2015, 2020, 2022]

44. Explain the endocrine system in humans. Name any four endocrine glands and
mention one function of each.[ CBSE 2013, 2016, 2021]

45. State the source of secretion and function of the following hormones: (2017)
(i) Thyroxin
(ii) Insulin
(iii) Growth hormone

46. Describe the changes in the human body brought about by adrenaline during an
emergency situation. What is the role of the adrenal gland?[ CBSE 2019, 2017]

47. Describe the role of insulin and adrenaline in the human body. What happens in
case of deficiency or excess? [CBSE 2015, 2020]

48. Differentiate between voluntary, involuntary, and reflex actions

 Case Study/Source Based Question
49. Ravi was cooking when he accidentally touched a hot pan and immediately
withdrew his hand. He felt the pain slightly later. His teacher explained that this is an
example of reflex action where the response is rapid and does not involve thinking.
Questions:
1. What is the name of the pathway involved in such immediate action?
2. Which part of the nervous system coordinates this response?
3. Why does the pain sensation come slightly after the hand is withdrawn?
4. Define reflex arc with its components
50. The endocrine system is made up of glands that release hormones into the blood.
For example, the pancreas secretes insulin which regulates blood sugar. The thyroid
gland needs iodine to function and the adrenal gland prepares the body for
emergencies.
Questions:
1. Name the hormone that regulates sugar metabolism.
2. What disease occurs due to insulin deficiency?
3. Which hormone is known as the “emergency hormone”?
4. Why is the use of iodized salt advisable?

51. A neuron is stimulated, but the impulse fails to pass across the synapse. What
could be the possible reason?

52. A person accidentally touches a hot object and withdraws his hand. Why does the
sensation of pain occur slightly later?

53. Which plant hormone is responsible for cell elongation and how does its uneven
distribution cause bending in a stem?

54. Why is it dangerous to give an insulin injection to a healthy person? What

immediate effect might be seen?

55. How does the structure of the cerebellum help in maintaining balance and
posture in humans?

56. A plant placed in darkness still shows directional growth. Which plant hormone is
responsible, and how?

57. What will happen if the thyroid gland becomes underactive in a growing child?