Orientation for Radio Communication

Why 2-way Radio Communications?

➢Simple
✓ Fast Access (Push then talk / Release then Listen)
No Complicated Functions
✓ Real-time “Voice” Communications and Operation
Synchronization
✓ Does Not Need A Network Provider and Load
Credit to Operate / Low Cost
➢Transportable
✓ Install and Operate Anywhere / Rugged Design /
Stand-alone
✓ Self –contained, The antenna, radio and Power
Supply can be built in one unit
✓ Very useful in times of disaster wherein all
communication network are down
➢Agile
✓ Adaptive to any terrain and environment
➢Short Distance & Long Distance
Communications
✓ Can be used for short distances (Simplex Mode).
Like vehicle convoys, parade, stage shows, special
operations and etc.
✓ Can also be used for long distance (Semi Duplex
Mode), especially with the use of repeater facility.
Like municipal communication network, which could
reach almost entire barangay and adjacent
municipality with the used of the municipal repeater
facility
Preparation and Assembling the Unit:
After carefully unpacking the transceiver, identify
the following parts and accessories below listed:
1) Main Radio Unit
2) Battery Pack
3) Antenna 6) Belt Clip
4) Desk-top Auto-Charger
5) 220V AC/DC Adaptor

➢ Installing the antenna:

Screw the antenna to the connector located on top
of the transceiver by holding the antenna at its base
and turning it clockwise until secure. To remove, turn
it counter clockwise
➢ Installing the battery pack:
Match the guides of the battery pack with the
corresponding grooves on the lower rear of the
transceiver, and then press firmly the upper portion
of the battery to lock it in place. To remove, push the
release latch upward to unlock the battery pack. Lift
the battery pack away from the transceiver.
➢ Installing the belt clip:
Remove the battery pack as describes above, Align
the belt clip with the corresponding grooves on the
rear of the battery pack, and slide in place. To
remove, push the lever lock towards the transceiver
while sliding upwards.
➢ Charging the Battery Pack:
Charging your battery for the first time, new
batteries are supplied in totally uncharged factory
state. To ensure maximum battery performance, a
new battery MUST be fully initialized by charging it
for 18 to 24 hours before initial use.
Subsequent charging, your charger is equipped with
LED light indicator. RED means battery is still
charging. GREEN means battery is fully charged.
Charging process usually takes 3 to 5 hours.
Charging Procedure:
❖ Plug the AC adapter DC plug into the jack located
on the rear of the charger.
❖ Plug the AC adapter into a 220V AC outlet.
❖ Slide the battery pack or the radio transceiver
with battery pack into the charging slot of the
charger.
CARE and PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE:
Repair of radio transceiver shall be handled by duly
licensed radio technicians due to the delicate
adjustments needed in most repairs. But simple
preventive maintenance routine must be observed
by users of radio equipment, such as :
❑ Cleaning of radio set and its battery terminal
contacts using a dry cloth. Never use any kind of
solvent.
❑ It is advisable to discharge the battery totally
before charging. There is a LED indicator on the
radio that keeps on blinking if the battery is LOW.
Recharge immediately when battery is LOW.
Charging a battery even if not yet discharge will
reduce battery life. Battery will last +/-1 year if
proper care and maintenance is followed.
❑ Check for any abnormal operation and refer the
matter at once to those in charge for maintenance
and repair.
Basic Operation
Switch ON, rotate the POWER switch / VOLUME
control clockwise to switch the transceiver ON. You
may hear a click sound of the switch and a beep
sound from the speaker.
Switch OFF, rotate the POWER switch / VOLUME
control counter-clockwise until a click of the switch is
heard.
Volume Level Adjust, rotate the POWER switch /
VOLUME control clockwise to increase or counter-
clockwise to decrease volume level.
Selecting Channel, rotate the channel selector to
select the desired channel. A pointer on the channel
selector points the respective channel label on the
radio. A channel guide of the preprogrammed
channel are already inserted in the packing.
Transmitting & receiving a call, press & hold the
PTT (press to transmit) switch, then speak into the
microphone with normal speaking voice. Hold the
microphone approximately 3 to 4 cm (1½ inch) from
your lips. Release the PTT finished speaking with
your message, to enable the radio to receive replies.
Tips and hints:,
✓ Radio transceivers are not like cell phones, that
you can both send message at the same time. You
need to wait for the other station to stop
transmitting before you can transmit back to reply
his/her message.
✓ Radio and repeater is equipped with courtesy
beep. Make it a habit to wait for the beep before
transmitting back to reply the message or call. Once
the beep sounds, this assures you that the other
station is already on receive mode.
✓ Repeater has time out timer, transmission longer
than 2 minutes will be cut off. It is advised to stop
transmission in every sentence to reset the TOT.
Radio Guidelines
▪ Always listen in a few seconds, a minute if
necessary, before calling for a CQ on frequency. This
will avoid your “stepping” on a weak signal. The
short wait will assure you that no one is using the
frequency since you do not hear anyone.
▪ In breaking in an existing conversation, it is
recommended to break in with your call sign during
“pauses” of the QSO. Though it is allowable to join
with the “break”, the call sign may be better
because it saves time since the other users do not
have to call for a QRZ.
▪ On the use of “break” … it is understood that one
“break” is used ordinarily to join into an ongoing
conversation. Two breaks, or “break, break” is used
when there is urgency or priority traffic or messages
that has to be pushed through because of its
importance. The triple break, or “break, break,
break” is used for extreme emergencies, or a matter
of life and death. When anyone breaks in with a
“break, break, break”, all stations are requested to
stand-by and assist the emergency call.
▪ After calling for a certain station, give another
three calls to make certain that he is not on stand-
by. Do not give more than these number of calls . . .
Because for practical reasons, if he was there and
heard you he would have answered already. Wait
another five minutes and give him three calls again
if you would wish to really raise him up. Do not give
continual calls. It would just be useless, and the
frequency may not be used by other users. Make
your call as short as possible.
Proper Operating Procedure:
Operating procedure is a set of rules to provide
SECURITY, ACCURACY and DISCIPLINE when
speaking on the radio
➢SECURITY
❖Think before you speak ( What to say )
❖Use correct procedure ( How to say it )
❖Be brief and concise ( Direct to the point )
➢ACCURACY
The necessity for clear speech on the radio is very
important. The RSVP system is used to enhance
better voice procedure and technique.
R rhythm Adequate pauses
S speed Slower than usual conversation
V volume Speak directly to the microphone
P pitch Normal or higher pitched preferably
➢DISCIPLINE
Radio discipline is the responsibility of every
operator, and should adhere to the following:
❖Listen first before calling a station
❖Make a short calls with break and listen
❖Use correct voice procedure
❖Transmission must be brief and concise
❖Answer all calls promptly
❖Keep the airways free of unnecessary talk, limit
transmission length in order not to congest the air
lanes.
CALL SIGN, WHY USE A CALL SIGN:
On the two-way radio, call sign must be assigned to
the every radio users or station and must remain
identifiable within all other receiving stations of your
network.
Call sign should be used to conceal the identity of
the radio users to casual eavesdropper but
identifiable by stations within the group. A call sign
sheet should be distributed among radio users within
the network.
The main purpose of call sign is short identification,
either of role (station), person or geographic
location. (Ex. base, ambulance, mobile, etc)
Call sign is a fancy name on the airwave. Which
make station or a persons identification shorter,
easy to remember and more precise.
Among radio users, call sign are often used instead
of their names which sometimes very long and hard
to send on air.
Preferably call sign must have prefix on the stations
geographical location plus the phonetic abbreviation
of the name. But most small network prefer to use
any fancy calls.
Proper Calling Procedure
➢Call sign or other ID of the station called
➢The word “ this is ”
➢Call sign or other ID of the station calling
EXAMPLE
▪ CALLS :
▪ Station calls to another station with invitation to
reply DW7TES THIS IS DU7AU
▪ REPLY :
▪ Reply of station called to calling station DU7AU
THIS IS DW7TES GO AHEAD
Radio Check:
Whenever you are using a radio for the first time,
or there is a doubt about the performance of your
radio, the simplest check that can be done is radio
check (signal check).

Initiate a call:
o The call sign of the station being called.
o The word “THIS IS.”
o The call sign of the station calling.
o The words “ RADIO CHECK or SIGNAL CHECK.”
o The proword “OVER”
Example:
BASE this is BATMAN radio check over
BATMAN this is BASE you are LOUD and CLEAR
over
Thank very much BASE, BATMAN on MONITOR
over
Note: Signal maybe, loud & clear, choppy, cutting
off and hissing.

International Phonetic (Sounds Like)

Alphabets
▪ A - Alpha
▪ B - Bravo
▪ C - Charlie
▪ D - Delta
▪ E - Echo
▪ F - Foxtrot
▪ G - Golf
▪ H - Hotel
▪ I - India
▪ J - Juliet
▪ K - Kilo
▪ L - Lima
▪ M - Mike
▪ N - November
▪ O - Oscar
▪ P - Papa
▪ Q - Quebec
▪ R - Romeo
▪ S - Sierra
▪ T - Tango
▪ U - Uniform
▪ V - Victor
▪ W - Whiskey
▪ X - X-ray
▪ Y - Yankee
▪ Z - Zulu

Numerical Pronunciation
1 – Wun 6 - Six
2 – Ta-o 7 - Seven
3 – Thu-ree 8 - Ate
4 – Fower 9 - Niner
5 – Fi-yev 0 – Ziper

Common Q Codes

1. QRK - Signal Check

2. QRL - I'm Busy
3. QRM - Interference
4. QRT - OFF/ Leaving Station
5. QRU - Listening for Calls
6. QRX - When will you call?
7. QRZ - Who is calling?
8. QSL - Message received
9. QSO - Direct Communication
10.QSY - Change Channel
11.QTH - Current Location
12.QTR - Current Time
Common 10 Codes
10-1 - Unable to copy
10-4 - Message received
10-9 - Please repeat
10-14 - Information
10-15 - Message Delivered
10-20 - Location
10-21 - Call by Telephone
10-22 - Disregard
10-23 - Arrive at Scene
10-33 - Emergency
10-46 - Need Assistance
10-50 - Accident
10-70 - Fire Alarm

Abbreviation
1. ATTN – Attention
2. ACK – Acknowledge
3. OK – Affirmative
4. PD – Period
5. CLN – Colon
6. SMCLN – Semi Colon
7. FM – From
8. RPLY – Reply
9. TXT – Text
10.MSG – Message
11.CMA – Comma
12.PDEND – Period End
13.RGDS – Regards
14.TY “Tango Yankee” – Thank You
15.ETA – Estimated Time of Arrival
16.ETD – Estimated Time of Departure
17.NLT – Not Later Than
18.APPROP – Appropriate
19.CNR – Cite Number
 20.MC - Motorcycle
21.CCNR – Criminal Case Number
22.SPSP – Spouses
23.PP – People of the Philippines
24.RPT – Repeat
25.LC – Loud and Clear
26.GM – Gemini
27.DTD – Dated
28.WA – Warrant of Arrest
29.REF – Reference
30.RCVD - Received

PROWORDS IN COMMUNICATION
➢ OVER - End of transmission, needs reply
➢ OUT/CLEAR - End of transmission, need no reply
➢ ROGER - Received and understand the message
➢ BREAK - To interrupt the ongoing transmission
➢ WILCO - Received, understand and comply
➢ GO AHEAD - I am ready to copy your message
➢ REPEAT - I did not get your message correctly
➢ CQ ______ - Calling for Anybody on __________
➢ Affirmative - Question is asked and the reply is
YES
➢ Negative - Question is asked and the reply is NO
➢ SAY AGAIN - Repeat all your last transmission
➢ I SAY AGAIN - I will repeat my transmission or
portion
➢ REPEAT - Same as SAY AGAIN
➢ Disregard - Ignore the transmission
➢ STANDBY - Wait a while and I will get back to you
➢ MONITOR - Just listening & ready to receive calls
➢ I SPELL - Will spelt out using phonetic alphabet
➢ EMERGENCY - Used when there is imminent
danger
➢ 73’s - Best regards (Best Wishes)
➢ 88’s - Love and Kisses
➢ HANDLE - Your Nick Name / Real Name
➢ EYEBALL - To meet in person / meet personally
➢ YL - Young Lady = Girl = Woman
➢ YM - Young Man = Boy = Man
➢ XYL - Wife
➢ XYM - Husband
➢ OP - Operation / Communication Assistance
➢ LANDLINE - (Lima Lima) Telephone Number

PROHIBITED WORDS IN COMMUNICATION

▪ The transmission by any radio station of obscene,

profane or indecent words or communication or
anything that may endanger the security of the
Republic or be contrary to its laws or public order is
absolutely prohibited.

DISTRESS COMMUNICATIONS

The distress call shall have absolutely priority over

all other transmission. All stations which hear it
shall immediately cease any transmission capable
of interfering with the distress traffic and shall
continue to listen on the frequency used for the
emission of the distress call.

DISTRESS CALL AND MESSAGE

➢The distress signal “EMERGENCY” (3x)
➢The word “ THIS IS”
➢The location or position of station in
distress
➢The nature of distress
➢Assistance needed
➢Any other information that might facilitate
the rescue