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Basics of TCP

The document provides an overview of the TCP/IP model, which is essential for computer networking and consists of four layers: Link, Internet, Transport, and Application. It contrasts the TCP/IP model with the OSI model, highlighting TCP/IP's practical protocol-oriented approach and its foundational role in internet development. Additionally, it lists various TCP/IP protocols, discusses Ethernet II frame structure, and introduces industrial Ethernet protocols with real-time support distinctions.

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3 views14 pages

Basics of TCP

The document provides an overview of the TCP/IP model, which is essential for computer networking and consists of four layers: Link, Internet, Transport, and Application. It contrasts the TCP/IP model with the OSI model, highlighting TCP/IP's practical protocol-oriented approach and its foundational role in internet development. Additionally, it lists various TCP/IP protocols, discusses Ethernet II frame structure, and introduces industrial Ethernet protocols with real-time support distinctions.

Uploaded by

chetanamitaaaryad
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Overview of TCP/IP

By,
Dr Sandip A Mehta
What is TCP/IP?
• The TCP/IP model is a fundamental framework for computer
networking, standing for Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol. It defines how data is transmitted
over networks, ensuring reliable communication between
devices. The model consists of four layers: the Link Layer,
the Internet Layer, the Transport Layer, and the Application
Layer
OSI vs TCP / IP
• The OSI model is a generic model that is based upon functionalities of
each layer. The TCP/IP model is a protocol-oriented standard.
• The OSI model distinguishes the three concepts (services, interfaces,
and protocols) while the TCP/IP does not have a clear distinction
between these three.
• The OSI model gives guidelines on how communication needs to be
done, while the TCP/IP protocols lay out standards on which the
internet was developed, making TCP/IP a more practical model.
• The OSI model was developed first and then the protocols in each
layer were developed. In the TCP/IP model, the protocols were
developed first and then the model was developed
Example
TCP/IP layers and group of protocols
• SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• FTP : File Transfer Protocol
• TELNET: Telecommunication Network
• DNS : Domain Name System
• SNMP : Simple Network Management Protocol
• NFS : Network File System
• RPC : Remote procedure call
• TFTP: Trivial File Transfer protocol
• UDP : User datagram protocol
• ICMP : Internet control massage protocol
• IGMP : Internet group management protocol
• ARP : Address resolution protocol
• RARP : Reverse Address Resolution protocol
Ethernet II
• Destination MAC Address (6 bytes)
The MAC address of the device the frame is intended for.
• Example : MAC Address: 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E
• Source MAC Address (6 bytes)
The MAC address of the device that sent the frame.
• EtherType (2 bytes)
Indicates which protocol is encapsulated in the payload.
Common values:
• 0x0800 for IPv4
• 0x0806 for ARP
• 0x86DD for IPv6
• Payload (46 to 1500 bytes)
This is the actual data being transported. If the data is shorter than 46
bytes, padding is added.
• FCS – Frame Check Sequence (4 bytes)
A CRC value used to check for transmission errors. If the CRC doesn't
match on the receiving end, the frame is discarded.
Extra Reading
• Unicast vs multicast
• Locally administrated vs Universally administrated
• Unicast vs Multicast
Industrial Ethernet
Protocol Developer/Org Real-Time Support Use Case
Motion control,
EtherCAT Beckhoff Automation Hard real-time
robotics
Soft and hard real-time General automation,
PROFINET Siemens
(IRT) PLCs
Industrial devices,
EtherNet/IP Rockwell Automation / ODVA Soft real-time
sensors
Simple control, SCADA
Modbus TCP Schneider Electric Not real-time
systems
Synchronized
POWERLINK B&R (ABB) Hard real-time
motion/process control
Servo drives, high-
SERCOS III SERCOS International Hard real-time
speed motion
Factory automation
CC-Link IE CC-Link Partner Association Hard real-time
(Gigabit)
Hard vs Soft real time
• Hard real time : Safety bags in car
• Soft Real time : Streaming of data , Temperature data monitoring on
operator station

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