Assignment on Computer Networks
1. Introduction: What is a Computer Network?
A computer network is a system in which multiple computers and devices are connected
together to share resources, exchange data, and communicate with each other. Networks
can connect computers in the same room, across cities, or even globally over the internet.
Through networks, users can share files, printers, applications, and gain access to services
such as email and the World Wide Web. Understanding computer networks is crucial for
modern technology because almost every aspect of business, communication, and daily life
depends on network connectivity.
2. Components of a Computer Network
A network consists of several key components that work together to enable communication
and data transfer between devices:
• Transmission Media: The physical paths like cables (twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic) or
wireless signals through which data travels.
• Network Interface Card (NIC): A hardware component installed in each computer that
allows it to connect to the network.
• Switches and Hubs: Devices that connect multiple computers within a network, ensuring
data is sent to the correct destination.
• Routers: Devices that connect different networks, such as connecting a home LAN to the
internet.
• Modems: Devices that modulate and demodulate signals, allowing digital data to be
transmitted over telephone or cable lines.
• Servers and Clients: Servers provide resources and services, while clients access and use
those services.
3. Types of Networks
There are several types of computer networks, each serving different purposes:
• LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographical area, such as a home, school, or
office. It allows high-speed data transfer.
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a larger area, such as a city. It connects
multiple LANs together.
• WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers very large areas, even globally. The internet is the best
example of a WAN.
• PAN (Personal Area Network): A very small network for personal devices, such as
smartphones connected to laptops via Bluetooth.
4. Network Topologies
Network topology refers to the physical or logical layout of computers and devices in a
network. The common topologies include:
• Bus Topology: All devices are connected to a single backbone cable. It is simple but can be
slow with heavy traffic.
• Star Topology: All devices are connected to a central hub or switch. It is reliable, as failure
of one device does not affect others.
• Ring Topology: Each device is connected in a circular path. Data travels in one direction. A
failure can affect the entire network.
• Mesh Topology: Every device is connected to every other device. It is very reliable but
expensive to implement.
• Hybrid Topology: A combination of two or more topologies, often used in large
organizations.
5. Transmission Media
Transmission media are the channels through which data travels in a network. There are
two main types:
• Wired Media: Includes twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. Wired
connections are more stable and secure.
• Wireless Media: Includes radio waves, microwaves, and infrared signals. Wireless
networks allow mobility and ease of installation but may face interference.
6. Importance of Computer Networks
Computer networks play a vital role in today's digital world. They enable efficient
communication, resource sharing, centralized data storage, remote access, e-commerce, and
online education. Without networks, the internet, social media, and cloud computing would
not be possible. Networks are the backbone of modern society, connecting billions of
devices worldwide.
7. Exercise
1. Define what a computer network is in your own words.
2. Explain the role of a Network Interface Card (NIC).
3. Differentiate between LAN, MAN, and WAN with examples.
4. Draw and explain star and bus topologies.
5. List two advantages and disadvantages of wireless networks.
6. Explain why routers are important in networking.
8. Conclusion
Computer networks are essential for connecting people and technology. They provide the
foundation for communication, business, and information exchange across the world. By
understanding the components, types, and topologies of networks, one can appreciate how
data is transferred reliably and efficiently. Networks have revolutionized the way humans
interact, making the world a truly connected global village.
