📝 Module 1: AWS Cloud Concepts

🌥️ Introduction to Cloud Computing

 Cloud Computing: Technology for storing and accessing data and programs over
the internet instead of a local hard drive or server.
o Examples of data: Files, images, documents, etc.
 Internet-based computing: Resources provided as a service over the internet,
enhancing scalability and flexibility.
 Cloud Combination: Combines computing, database, networking, storage,
operating systems, security, architecting, deployment, etc.
Key Operations in Cloud Computing:
 Storage, backup, and recovery of data.
 On-demand software delivery.
 Development of new applications and services.
 Streaming videos and audio.

🔘 SDD vs HDD

 Server Hardware: Continuously runs with components ensuring fault tolerance.

 Storage Types:
o HDD (Hard Disk Drive): Persistent storage with lower throughput.
o SSD (Solid State Drive): Higher input/output operations per second (IOPS)
and throughput.
 Throughput: Measurement of bits/bytes per second processed by the device.

📈 How AWS Supports HDD and SSD Needs

 Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS): Serverless, scalable storage.
 Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3): Data availability, security, and
scalability.
 AWS Storage Gateway: Bridging on-premises applications with cloud storage.
 Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS): Cost-effective cold HDD storage.

🖥️ Computation and Networking in AWS:

 Computation: Utilizes CPUs (generic processors) and sometimes GPUs for

specialized tasks.
 Networking and Memory:
o RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile, primary memory for fast data
loading.
o GPU: Parallel processing for intensive data tasks.
🔧 Infrastructure Models:

 On-premises Model (Private Cloud): Privately owned data centers.

 Over-Provisioning: Utilizing more resources than needed, causing inefficiencies.
 Infrastructure as Software: Viewing infrastructure as software removes the need for
physical servers, leading to Efficient Resource Management.
 Traditional Computing Model: Hardware-centric, less adaptable, and requires
significant investments and physical security measures.

🛠️ Virtualization in Cloud Computing:

 Virtualization: Software technology providing logical isolation of physical resources.
o Examples: RAM, CPU, and Storage.
 Benefits of Virtualization:
o Enhanced management and utilization of hardware.
o Improved scalability and optimization.
 Types of Virtual Instances: Creating multiple computing instances over the cloud.

☁️ Cloud Hosting:

 Purpose: Address server slowdowns from increased traffic.

 Advantages:
o Scalability and flexibility.
o Reduced hardware costs.
o Reliability through server network, ensuring availability.

🌐 Architecture of Cloud Computing:

 Components:
o Front End: Interfaces for user access (Thin clients - web browsers; Fat
clients - advanced functionalities).
o Back End Platforms: Servers and storage for data processing.
o Cloud-Based Delivery and Network: Internet, intranet, and intercloud for
essential connectivity and data transfer.

⭐ Advantages of Cloud Computing

 Cost Efficiency: Pay-as-you-go model reduces infrastructure costs.

 Scalability: Resources scale based on demand.
 Collaboration and Accessibility: Anywhere access to data facilitates teamwork.
 Automatic Maintenance and Updates: AWS ensures continuous availability of the
latest technology.
⚠️ Disadvantages of Cloud Computing:

 Security Concerns: External storage raises potential security issues.

 Downtime and Reliability: Possible service interruptions can impact operations.
 Dependence on Internet Connectivity: Requires stable and high-speed internet.
 Cost Management Complexity: Unexpected costs without careful resource
monitoring.

🌱 Cloud Sustainability:

 Energy Efficiency: Optimizing data center operations.

 Renewable Energy: Increasing the use of solar and wind power.
 Virtualization: Reducing physical servers and energy consumption.

🔐 Cloud Security:

 Data Encryption: Secures data stored in the cloud.

 Access Control: Ensures only authorized users access resources.
 Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Adds security layers by requiring multiple
verification forms.

🛠️ Use Cases of Cloud Computing:

 Scalable Infrastructure (IaaS): On-demand scaling without hardware investments.
 Efficient Application Development (PaaS): Tools and environments for building
and managing applications.
 Streamlined Software Access (SaaS): Subscription-based software access
reduces maintenance.
 Data Analytics: Efficient processing and deriving insights from large datasets.
 Disaster Recovery: Cost-effective data replication and quick recovery solutions.

🌍Overview of AWS Cloud

Introduction to Amazon Web Services (AWS)

 Definition: A platform offering scalable and cost-effective cloud computing solutions.
 Components: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS),
Software as a Service (SaaS).
 History Milestones:
o 2002: AWS services launched.
o 2006: Launch of AWS cloud products.
o 2015: $4.6 billion revenue.
o 2019: Nearly 100 cloud services offered.
AWS Services:
  Storage Services:
o Amazon S3: Object storage service.
o Amazon Glacier: Low-cost archival storage.
 Compute Services:
o EC2: Virtual servers for compute capacity.
o Lambda: Code execution in response to events.
 Migration Services:
o DMS: Database migration.
o Snowball: Bulk data transfer.
 Security Services:
o IAM: Manage users and permissions.
o Inspector: Security assessment.
 Database Services:
o RDS: Relational Database Service.
o DynamoDB: NoSQL database.
Advantages of AWS:
 Ease of Use: Familiar programming environments.
 Scalability and Agility: Easily add or remove capacity.
 Pay-as-you-go: No upfront investment.
 Global Reach: Deploy applications in multiple regions.
Conclusion:
AWS provides a flexible, scalable, and cost-effective cloud platform addressing diverse
computing needs across various industries.

Cloud Service Models

Category Aspect Details

IaaS provides virtualized computing resources

Infrastructure as a Flexibility and
such as VMs, storage, and networks, giving
Service (IaaS) Control
users control over the OS and applications.
 Reducing Expenses Eliminates investment in physical infrastructure,
of Hardware making it cost-effective.

Resources can be scaled up or down as per

Scalability of
demand, ensuring optimal performance with
Resources
cost efficiency.

PaaS offers application development by

Platform as a Simplifying abstracting the underlying infrastructure,
Service (PaaS) Development allowing developers to focus on application
logic.

Enhancing Lowers infrastructure management complexity,

Efficiency and speeding up execution time, and quickens
Productivity market updates.

Automation of Manages resource scaling, ensuring workload

Scaling efficiency.

SaaS enables easy access to applications

Software as a Collaboration and
without local installations, encouraging
Service (SaaS) Accessibility
cooperation and ease of access.

SaaS providers handle software maintenance

Automation of and automatic updates, ensuring users
Updates experience the latest features and security
patches.

SaaS reduces IT overhead by eliminating the

Cost Efficiency
need for individual software licenses.

☁️ Cloud Deployment Models

Category Aspect Details

Allows anyone to access systems and services via the

Public Cloud Accessibility
internet.
 Security May be less secure as it is open to everyone and owned by
Concerns the service provider.

Owned and operated by the entity that delivers the

Infrastructure
services, not by the consumer.

Minimal investment, no setup cost, no maintenance, and

Advantages
dynamic scalability.

Disadvantages Less secure and limited customization.

Provides secure and dedicated environment for a single

Control and
Private Cloud user or organization, offering greater control over cloud
Security
resources.

Better control, data security and privacy, supports legacy

Advantages
systems, and offers customization.

Disadvantages Less scalable and more costly.

Combination Combines private and public clouds, allowing data and

Hybrid Cloud
Model applications to be shared between them.

Advantages Flexibility, cost savings, improved security.

Complex to manage, potential for slower data

Disadvantages
transmission.

🔧 AWS Global Infrastructure Overview

Category Aspect Details

Regions and Region Each region is a physical location in the world,

Availability Zones Definition composed of multiple Availability Zones (AZs).
 Availability Distinct data centers within a region, each with
Zones independent power, cooling, and networking.

Global 105 Availability Zones within 33 geographic regions.

Footprint Plans for 18 more AZs and 6 more AWS Regions.

Network and Regions are connected via a high bandwidth, fully

Connectivity
Performance redundant network.

AWS offers low latency, low packet loss, and high

Performance network quality through a redundant 400 GbE fiber
backbone.

AWS security infrastructure ensures data

Security Data Handling confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with all data
flows encrypted.

Flexibility in choosing how and where to run

Workload
Flexibility workloads, using the same network, control plane,
Management
API’s, and AWS services across regions.

AWS Shared Responsibility Model

Category Aspect Details

Protecting the infrastructure that runs all of the

AWS Infrastructure
services offered in the AWS Cloud, including
Responsibilities Security
hardware, software, networking, and facilities.

Managing the guest operating system, application

Customer Security in the
software, and AWS-provided firewall configuration on
Responsibilities Cloud
each instance.

AWS manages infrastructure, operating systems, and

Shared Control platforms for abstracted services, whereas
Responsibilities Management customers manage data, classify assets, and apply
permissions using IAM tools.

Allows customers to shift control management to

IT Controls
AWS, creating a distributed control environment.

Markdown ensures clean presentation and readability, while the inclusion of sections
enhances the conceptual grouping for better understanding.
THEORETICAL FORM FOR THE PREVIOUS TOPICS :

☁️ Cloud Service Models

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

 Flexibility and Control:
o Offers virtualized computing resources (e.g., VMs, Storage, Networks).
 o Users have control over the Operating System and applications.
 Reducing Hardware Expenses:
o Eliminates physical infrastructure investments.
o Cost-effective for businesses.
 Scalability of Resources:
o Easily scale hardware resources up or down as needed.
o Ensures optimal performance and cost efficiency.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Simplifying Development:
o Provides an application development platform.
o Abstracts underlying infrastructure.
 Focus for Developers:
o Developers focus on application logic (code).
o Background operations managed by the platform (e.g., AWS).
 Enhancing Efficiency and Productivity:
o Reduces complexity in managing infrastructure.
o Speeds up execution time and brings updates to market quickly.
 Automation of Scaling:
o Manages resource scaling.
o Ensures workload efficiency.
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)
 Collaboration and Accessibility:

o Enables users to access applications without local installations.

o Fully managed software over the internet, promoting effortless cooperation
and ease of access.
 Automation of Updates:
o Providers manage software maintenance and automatic updates.
o Ensures users have the latest features and security patches.
 Cost Efficiency:
o Reduces IT support overhead by eliminating the need for individual software
licenses.

🌐 Cloud Deployment Models

Public Cloud
  Accessibility:
o Open to the general public or major industry groups.
o Less secure as it is accessible by everyone.
 Characteristics:
o Provided over the internet.
o Owned by the entity delivering the services, not the consumer.
o Example: Google App Engine.
 Advantages:
o Minimal investment and pay-per-use model.
o No setup or maintenance cost, managed by service providers.
o Dynamic scalability.
 Disadvantages:
o Less secure and low customization.
Private Cloud
 Characteristics:
o Dedicated to a single user or organization.
o No sharing of hardware with others.
o Managed in a secure environment with powerful firewalls.
 Advantages:
o Better control and flexibility over cloud resources.
o Enhanced data security and privacy.
o Supports legacy systems.
o Customizable to meet specific needs.
 Disadvantages:
o Less scalable and more costly.
 Example: AWS Private Cloud:
o Exclusively managed by the organization or third-party vendors.
o Suitable for organizations with strict security and performance needs.
Hybrid Cloud
 Characteristics:
o Mix of public and private cloud models.
o Provides flexibility to host critical data on private cloud and leverage public
cloud’s cost savings.
  Advantages:
o Offers flexibility and control.
o Cost-effective, pay for extra capacity only when needed.
o Enhanced security by separating data.
 Disadvantages:
o Complex management.
o Potential latency issues due to data transmission.

🌎 AWS Global Infrastructure Overview

Key Components
 Regions and Availability Zones (AZs):
o Regions: Separate geographic areas with multiple isolated AZs.
o AZs: Clusters of data centers within a region with independent power, cooling,
and networking.
 Features:

o High network availability and fault isolation.

o Regions connected via a high-bandwidth, fully redundant network.
o AWS Local Zones reduce latency for end-users.
Security and Compliance
 AWS Security:
o Continuous monitoring for data confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
o Encrypted data flows across the global network.
 Shared Responsibility Model:
o AWS: Manages the infrastructure, hardware, software, networking, and
facilities.
o Customers: Manage data protection, identity and access management, and
compliance within their applications.

🌐 AWS Shared Responsibility Model

Responsibilities
 AWS:
o Security "of" the Cloud: Infrastructure protection, management, and
compliance.
 Customers:
o Security "in" the Cloud: Data, application security, user access management,
and compliance with regulations.
Types of Controls
 Inherited Controls:
o Fully inherited from AWS.
o Examples: Physical and environmental controls.
 Shared Controls:
o Both AWS and customer have responsibilities in different contexts.
o Examples: Patch Management, Configuration Management.
 Customer Specific:
o Solely the responsibility of the customer.
o Examples: Service-specific configurations, data routing.
By understanding these models and responsibilities, organizations can effectively leverage
cloud services to meet their specific needs while ensuring robust security and compliance.