Theory and Problems
P.160. ITN book. ww=sewage here.
+ RWH system in WC/toilet flushing.
P.161. ITN book.
P.162. ITN book.
P.130. ITN book.
P.131. ITN book.
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272702500_Generation_and_Quality_Analysis_of_Greywater_at_Dhaka_City
Generation and Quality Analysis of Greywater at Dhaka City
https://www.google.com/search?q=area+of+uttara&oq=area+of+utta&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqCggAEAAY4wIYgAQyCggAEAAY4wIYgAQyBwgBEC4YgAQyBwgCEAAYgAQyB
ggDEEUYOTIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIHCAYQABiABDIHCAcQABiABDIHCAgQLhiABDIHCAkQABiABNIBCTg5NTRqMGoxNagCCLACAQ&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
Convert area
https://www.thecalculatorsite.com/conversions/area/square-kilometers-to-hectares.php#google_vignette
……. mm/month/m2 area.
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Q5.2 Total daily WW generation/estimation in an area (Uttara)
1. Pf: Future population:
P 2010 = 268,969 (1+0.0203)^10 = aa…….
P 2020 = aa (1+0.0203)^10 = bb…….
P 2030 = bb (1+0.0203)^10 = cc…….
P 2040 = cc (1+0.0203)^10 = dd…….
P 2050 = dd (1+0.0203)^10 = ee…….
2. LPCD (q): Residential High-class society. q = 368 lpcd >> q = 400 lpcd in Uttara (let).
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Future population: Pf = 268,969 >> Let, Pf = 270,000. w=water. ww=wastewater.
Water use = Qf = V = Pf x q = 270,000 x 400 lpcd = 108,000,000 L/d = 108,000 m3/d water use in Uttara.
Let, 100% w is converted to ww = 108,000 m3/d ww in Uttara.
• For overhead water tank (OHT) cylindrical design in Uttara:
Let, Pf =270,000. 1 OHT/sector or small town. Let, 20 sectors in Uttara. Tips above.
• Water tank/UGWR rectangular design for a building/tower:
Let, 84 flats/tower, 7 P/flat. So, Pf = 84 flats x 7 P/flat = 588.
Then, Qf = V = Pf x q = 588 x 400 lpcd = 235,200 L/d = 235.2 >> 250 m3/d water use in a building/tower in Uttara, S#18.
Let, rectangular, H = 4 m, L=2W, A = L x W = 2W2; V = A x H= L x W x H = 250; W =5.59 m = 6m. L = 12 m. Sketch it.
L = 12 m. Let, H = 4m.
W = 6m
3D tank sample
3. GW infiltration to ww sewer: 3,000-50,000 L/hectare/day >> 5,000 L/hectare/day in Uttara, let.
https://salemva.gov/FAQ.aspx?QID=316 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270648877_A_hydrogeological_conceptual_approach_to_study_urban_groundwater_flow_in_Bucharest_city_Romania/figures?lo=1
Let, Uttara Area = 40 km2=4000 hectare = 9884.22 acre = 430556623.22783 ft2.
So, ww = 5,000 L/hectare/day x 4000 hectare = 20,000,000 L/d = 20,000 m3/d ww in Uttara.
4. Toilet flush by using RWH system. wc = water closet=flush toilet. Let, 84 flats/tower, 7 P/flat.
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Toilet flush by using RWH system. wc = water closet=flush toilet. Let, 84 flats/tower, 7 P/flat.
Let, RW use = ww = 3 L/flush, 10 flush/wc/d, 4 wc/flat.
Total RW use in wc flushing for a tower/d = ww=3 L/flush x 10 flush/wc/d x 4 wc/flat x 84 flats/tower.
= 10,080 L/d = 10.08 >> 11 m3/d rain water (RW) use (=ww) in a building/tower in Uttara, S#18.
= 11 m3/d ww x 1000 L/m3 / 588 (P) = 18.7 lpcd x Pf (270,000, Let) = 5,051 m3/d ww in Uttara.
• A small harvested RW tank design for a flat in a building/tower:
RW=ww=3 L/flush x 10 flush/wc/d x 4 wc/flat =120 L/d = 0.12 m3/d >> 0.2 m3/d.
Let, rectangular, H = 1 m, L=W, A = L x W = W2; V = A x H= L x W x H = 0.2 m3/d; W =0.45=0.5 m. L = 0.5 m. Sketch it.
L = 0.5 m. Let, H = 1 m.
W = 0.5 m
• Rooftop RWH Water tank design for a building/tower:
11 m3/d rain water (RW) use (=ww) in a building/tower in Uttara, S#18.
Let, rectangular, H = 1 m, L=W, A = L x W = W2; V = A x H= L x W x H = 11 m3/d;
W =3.32 m = 3.5 m. L = 3.5 m. Sketch it.
L = 3.5 m. Let, H = 1 m.
W = 3.5 m
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5. Total WW in sewer: 108,000 m3/d + 20,000 m3/d + 5,051 m3/d =133,051 m3/d ww in Uttara towards WWTP.
Comments:
Treated wastewater/product water in WWTP can be reused in various purposes, e.g. car wash, gardening, toilet
flushing, yard cleaning, water spraying on roads or yard to control dust, water curing for concrete/RCC works, water in
mix design of concrete, c:s:w; & others.
In BD, unfortunately, untreated ww dispose to inland water/surface water (river, lake, canal, beel, khal). Treatment of
ww is must.
New water/DW from ww in Singapore. In space, treated ww is reused/recycled for domestic use. Treated ww is used
mostly in agricultural purposes/irrigation in many countries.
http://bard.google.com/ https://gemini.google.com/
The three countries that use the most wastewater for irrigation are Mexico (4,493,000 m3/d), Egypt (1,918,000 m3/d),
& China (1,239,000 m3/d).
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/1-The-twenty-countries-with-the-largest-volume-of-wastewater-used-for-irrigation_tbl1_46443890
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RWH system. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/rainwater-harvesting/
RWH system.
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/rwh-with-pre-cast-v-wire-technology-service-12892615333.html
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https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/rainwater-harvesting-your-key-water-conservation-summer/
RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM COMPONENTS (see another PDF)
https://uhwater.weebly.com/rwh-system-components.html
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Q 4.2-4.4 Graywater=Greywater = Domestic wastewater (DWW) production from RWH system.
RW is harvested in rooftop area (catchment area). Then, it is treated by conventional treatment process, i.e. filtration
technique/s (e.g. SSF, RSF, ACF, MMF, RF, etc.) to use it for domestic purposes (e.g. washing, cooking, cleaning, bathing,
ablution, etc.). Estimate the domestic wastewater production from RWH system in a house. Note that the area has no
supply water.
DWW=11.68 m3/yr in a house if 100% w is converted to dww.
DWW=16 m3/yr in a house if 100% w is converted to dww.
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Comments:
Harvested and treated RW can be reused in various purposes, e.g. car wash, gardening, toilet flushing, yard cleaning,
water spraying on roads or yard to control dust, water curing for concrete/RCC works, water in mix design of concrete,
c:s:w; & others.
Q4.4
Harvested and treated RW can be reused in various purposes in a society/community, e.g. car wash 10 m3/d,
gardening 10 m3/d, toilet flushing 10 m3/d, yard cleaning 10 m3/d, water spraying on roads or yard to control dust 10
m3/d, water curing for concrete/RCC works 10 m3/d, water in mix design of concrete 10 m3/d & others 30 m3/d.
Catchment area, A, m2? Tank design?
Ans:
Water demand/storage volume required, V = 100 m3/d = 36500 m3/yr. Let, I = 2.5 m/yr ( /m2), C = 0.8, f = 0.4.
Available rainwater required, Q=V/f = 91250 = CIA m3/yr. Catchment area, A = 45625 m2
Let, 100 houses are available in the society/community and each house needs a tank, so 100 rectangular tanks can be
used in the society/community. So, each tank volume/storage volume required, V = 365 m3/yr
Let, H = 3 m, L=2W, A = L x W = 2W2; V = A x H= L x W x H = 3650; W =7.79 m = 8 m. L = 16 m. Sketch it.
L = 16 m. Let, H = 3 m.
W=8m
DWW=100 m3/d = 36500 m3/yr in a society/community if 100% w is converted to dww.
DWW=80 m3/d = 29200 m3/yr in a society/community if 80% w is converted to dww.
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