Data Analyst Interview Questions for Fresher’s
1. What are the responsibilities of a Data Analyst?
2. Write some key skills usually required for a data analyst.
3. What is the data analysis process?
4. What are the different challenges one faces during data analysis?
5. Explain data cleansing.
6. What are the tools useful for data analysis?
7. Write the difference between data mining and data profiling.
8. Which validation methods are employed by data analysts?
9. Explain Outlier.
10. What are the ways to detect outliers? Explain different ways to deal
with it.
11. Write difference between data analysis and data mining.
12. What do you mean by data visualization?
13. How does data visualization help you?
14. Mention some of the python libraries used in data analysis.
15. Write characteristics of a good data model.
16. Write disadvantages of Data analysis.
17. What is a Pivot table? Write its usage.
18. What do you mean by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate
analysis?
What is Data Analysis?
Some of the responsibilities of a data analyst include: Data analysis is
basically a process of analyzing, modeling, and interpreting data to draw
insights or conclusions. With the insights gained, informed decisions can
be made. It is used by every industry, which is why data analysts are in
high demand. A Data Analyst's sole responsibility is to play around with
large amounts of data and search for hidden insights. By interpreting a
wide range of data, data analysts assist organizations in understanding
the business's current state.
What are the responsibilities of a Data Analyst?
Collects and analyzes data using statistical techniques and reports
the results accordingly.
Interpret and analyze trends or patterns in complex data sets.
Establishing business needs together with business teams or
management t eam s.
Find opportunities for improvement in existing processes or areas.
Data set commissioning and decommissioning.
Follow guidelines when processing confidential data or
information.
Examine the changes and updates that have been made to the
source production systems.
Provide end-users with training on new reports and dashboards.
Assist in the data storage structure, data mining, and data cleansing
Write some key skills usually required for a data analyst.
Knowledge of reporting packages (Business Objects), coding
languages (e.g., python, ETL), and databases (SQL, SQLite, etc.)
is a must.
Ability to analyze, organize, collect, and disseminate big data
accurately and efficiently.
The ability to design databases, construct data models, perform
data mining, and segment data.
Good understanding of statistical packages for analyzing large
datasets (SAS, SPSS, Microso Excel, etc.).
Effective Problem-Solving, Teamwork, and Written and Verbal
Communication Skills. Excellent at writing queries, reports, and
presentations.
Understanding of data visualization so ware including Tableau
and Qlik.
The ability to create and apply the most accurate algorithms to
datasets for finding solutions.
What is the data analysis process?
Data analysis generally refers to the process of assembling, cleaning,
interpreting, transforming, and modeling data to gain insights or
conclusions and generate reports to help businesses become more
profitable. The following diagram illustrates the various steps involved
in the process
Collect Data: The data is collected from a variety of sources and is then
stored to be cleaned and prepared. This step involves removing all
missing values and outliers.
Analyse Data: As soon as the data is prepared, the next step is to analyze
it. Improvements are made by running a model repeatedly. Following
that, the model is validated to ensure that it is meeting the
requirements.
Create Reports: In the end, the model is implemented, and reports are
generated as well as distributed to stakeholders.
What are the different challenges one faces during data analysis?
Duplicate entries and spelling errors. Data quality can be hampered and
reduced by these errors.
The representation of data obtained from multiple sources may differ.
It may cause a delay in the analysis process if the collected data are
combined are being cleaned and organized.
Another major challenge in data analysis is incomplete data.
This would invariably lead to errors or faulty results.
You would have to spend a lot of time cleaning the data if you are
extracting data from a poor source.
Business stakeholders' unrealistic timelines and expectations Data
blending/ integration from multiple sources is a challenge, particularly if
there are no consistent parameters and conventions Insufficient data
architecture and tools to achieve the analytics goals on time.
Explain data cleansing.
Data cleaning, also known as data cleansing or data scrubbing or
wrangling, is basically a process of identifying and then modifying,
replacing, or deleting the incorrect, incomplete, inaccurate, irrelevant,
or missing portions of the data as the need arises. This fundamental
element of data science ensures data is correct, consistent, and usable.
Write the difference between data mining and data profiling.
Data mining Process: It generally involves analyzing data to find relations
that were not previously discovered. In this case, the emphasis is on
finding unusual records, detecting dependencies, and analyzing clusters.
It also involves analyzing large datasets to determine trends and patterns
in them.
Data Profiling Process: It generally involves analyzing that data's
individual attributes. In this case, the emphasis is on providing useful
information on data attributes such as data type, frequency, etc.
Additionally, it also facilitates the discovery and evaluation of enterprise
metadata
Which validation methods are employed by data analysts?
In the process of data validation, it is important to determine the
accuracy of the information as well as the quality of the source. Datasets
can be validated in many ways. Methods of data validation commonly
used by Data Analysts include:
Field Level Validation: This method validates data as and when it is
entered into the field. The errors can be corrected as you go.
Form Level Validation: This type of validation is performed when the
user submits the form. A data entry form is checked at once, every field
is validated, and highlights the errors (if present) so that the user can fix
them.
Data Saving Validation: This technique validates data when a file or
database record is saved. The process is commonly employed when
several data entry forms must be validated.
Search Criteria Validation: It effectively validates the user's search
criteria in order to provide the user with accurate and related results. Its
main purpose is to ensure that the search results returned by a user's
query are highly relevant.
Explain Outlier.
In a dataset, Outliers are values that differ significantly from the mean of
characteristic features of a dataset. With the help of an outlier, we can
determine either variability in the measurement or an experimental
error. There are two kinds of outliers i.e., Univariate and Multivariate.
The graph depicted below shows there are four outliers in the dataset.
What are the ways to detect outliers? Explain different ways to deal
with it.
Outliers are detected using two methods:
Box Plot Method: According to this method, the value is considered an
outlier if it exceeds or falls below 1.5*IQR (interquartile range), that is, if
it lies above the top quartile (Q3) or below the bottom quartile (Q1).
Standard Deviation Method: According to this method, an outlier is
defined as a value that is greater or lower than the mean ± (3*standard
deviation).
Write difference between data analysis and data mining.
Data Analysis: It generally involves extracting, cleansing, transforming,
modeling, and visualizing data in order to obtain useful and important
information that may contribute towards determining conclusions and
deciding what to do next. Analyzing data has been in use since the 1960s.
Data Mining: In data mining, also known as knowledge discovery in the
database, huge quantities of knowledge are explored and analyzed to
find patterns and rules. Since the 1990s, it has been a buzzword.
What do you mean by data visualization?
The term data visualization refers to a graphical representation of
information and data. Data visualization tools enable users to easily see
and understand trends, outliers, and patterns in data through the use of
visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps. Data can be viewed and
analyzed in a smarter way, and it can be converted into diagrams and
charts with the use of this technology.
How does data visualization help you?
Data visualization has grown rapidly in popularity due to its ease of
viewing and understanding complex data in the form of charts and
graphs. In addition to providing data in a format that is easier to
understand, it highlights trends and outliers. The best visualizations
illuminate meaningful information while removing noise from data.
Mention some of the python libraries used in data analysis.
Numpy
Matplotlib
Pandas
SciPy
SciKit, etc.
Write characteristics of a good data model.
An effective data model must possess the following characteristics in
order to be considered good and developed: Provides predictability
performance, so the outcomes can be estimated as precisely as possible
or almost as accurately as possible. As business demands change, it
should be adaptable and responsive to accommodate those changes as
needed. The model should scale proportionally to the change in data.
Clients/customers should be able to reap tangible and profitable benefits
from it.
Write disadvantages of Data analysis.
The following are some disadvantages of data analysis: Data Analytics
may put customer privacy at risk and result in compromising
transactions, purchases, and subscriptions. Tools can be complex and
require previous training. Choosing the right analytics tool every time
requires a lot of skills and expertise. It is possible to misuse the
information obtained with data analytics by targeting people with
certain political beliefs or ethnicities.
What is a Pivot table? Write its usage.
One of the basic tools for data analysis is the Pivot Table. With this
feature, you can quickly summarize large datasets in Microso Excel.
Using it, we can turn columns into rows and rows into columns.
Furthermore, it permits grouping by any field (column) and applying
advanced calculations to them. It is an extremely easy-to-use program
since you just drag and drop rows/columns headers to build a report.
Pivot tables consist of four different sections:
Value Area: This is where values are reported.
Row Area: The row areas are the headings to the le of the values.
Column Area: The headings above the values area make up the column
area.
Filter Area: Using this filter you may drill down in the data set.
What do you mean by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate
analysis?
Univariate Analysis: The word uni means only one and variate means
variable, so a univariate analysis has only one dependable variable.
Among the three analyses, this is the simplest as the variables involved
are only one.
Bivariate Analysis: The word Bi means two and variate mean variables,
so a bivariate analysis has two variables. It examines the causes of the
two variables and the relationship between them. It is possible that
these variables are dependent on or independent of each other.
Multivariate Analysis: In situations where more than two variables are
to be analyzed simultaneously, multivariate analysis is necessary. It is
similar to bivariate analysis, except that there are more variables
involved.