ART APRRECIATION- Second Semester- Finals Reviewer

In 1992, the National Commission on Culture and therefore the Arts (NCCA) began selecting and honoring recipients of the National Living Treasures
Award, also referred to as Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA), through Republic Act No. 7355. It continues to be awarded today and is handed out
in the form of a medal.

What is GAMABA?

Traditional art - GAMABA stands for GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN (National Living
Treasures).
- based on indigenous people's cultures that are largely honed by oral
tradition. - an award given to recognize the outstanding work of the artists in the
Philippines.
- it finds deep affinities with nature, place, society, ritual, and spirituality
and everyday life. - established in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7355 until 2012.

- there were thirteen finest folk artists of the land who have received this
award.
Teofilo Garcia of San Quintin

- 2012 GAMABA awardee in the Province of Abra.

Who are the GAMABA awardees?
- discovered and popularized the durable tabungaw hat out of enlarged
upo or gourd. - people who have adopts a program that will ensure the transfer of their
skills to others.
- he intended to transform the harvest into durable hats to protect the
people who are exposed for long hours under the heat of the sun, - promote a genuine appreciation of traditional craft and art and instill
especially the farmers. pride among people.

Contemporary-traditional Mechanics and guidelines to follow to become a GAMABA awardees

- art produced at the present period that reflects the current culture by 1. Must be an inhabitant of an indigenous/traditional cultural community
utilizing classical techniques in drawing, painting, and sculpting. anywhere in the Philippines.

- artists are mainly concerned with the preservation of time- honored 2. Must have engaged in a folk-art tradition that has been in existence
skills in creating works and documented for at least fifty (50) years.

- subjects are based on the aesthetics of balancing external reality with 3. Must have consistently performed or produced over a significant
the intuitive, internal conscience driven by emotion, philosophical period, works of superior and distinctive quality.
thought, or the spirit.
4. Must possess a mastery of tools and materials needed.

5. Must have passed on and/or will pass on to other members of the

community their skil

GAMABA Awardees

Lang Dulay- Tinalak Weaver (T’boli tradition) Eddie Romero- The quintessential Filipino Ginaw Bilog- Hanunuo Manyan script
filmmaker
Lamberto V. Avellana Darhata Sawabi- Pis Syabit weaving
Uwang Ahadas- Yakan musical instruments
- director for theater and film (kwintangan, etc.) Alonzo Saclag- mastery of Kalinga dance

- “The Boy Wonder of Philippine Theater” Magdalena Gamayo- textile weaver, took up Masino Intaray- skills in basal/gong music
textile when she’s 16.
Fernando C. Amorsolo- “Grand Old Man of
Philippine Art” Eduardo Mutuc- metalsmith and artist,
Factors Affecting Trad. Artist’s Production
revived Spanish era craft of Plateria.
Salinta Monon- Bogobo Abaca Ikat weaving Process
Samaon Sulaiman- Maguindanao Kutyapi
Honorata “Atang” Dela Rama- Queen of 1. Christianization
(two-stringed plucked lute)
Kundiman
2. Mining and Framework Venture
Haja Amina Appi- Pandan mat weaver
Carlos P. Romulo- Asian President of United
Nations General Assembly 3. Tourism
Federico Caballero- chanter and educator
4. Militarization
 NATIONAL ARTISTS OF THE PHILIPPINES

Pablo S. Antonio (National Artist for Architecture) Francisco Arcellana (National Artist for Literature)

- his basic design is grounded on simplicity, no clutter. - progenitors of the modern Filipino short story in English.

- Sample work: Far Eastern University - pioneered the development of the short story as a lyrical prose-poetic
form.

Juan F. Nakpil (National Artist for Architecture)

Edith L. Tiempo (National Artist for Literature)
- architect, teacher, and civic leader is a pioneer and innovator in
Philippine architecture. - one of the finest Filipino writers in English.

- "The Little Marmoset" and "Bonsai".

Lamberto Avellana (National Artist for Theater and Film)

- director for theater and film, has the distinction of being called "The Bienvenido Lumbera (National Artist for Literature)
Boy Wonder of Philippine Movies” as early as 1939.
- introduced to Tagalog literature what is now known as Bagay poetry.
- first to use the motion picture camera

- Sakay was declared the best picture of 1939 by critics and journalists
alike and set the tone for Avellana's career Virgil Rio - revived and reinvented traditional Filipino poetic forms.

- Anak Dalita
Ramon L. Muzones

Lino Brocka (National Artist for Film and Broadcast Arts) - a Hiligaynon poet, essayist, short story writer, etc.

- director for film and broadcast arts - authored an unprecedented 61 completed novels.

- espoused the term "freedom of expression in the Philippine

Constitution.
Carlos Quirino- wrote one of the earliest biographies of Jose Rizal titled
The Great Malayan.

Ishmael Bernal (National Artist for Cinema

- “the genius of Philippine cinema." Francisca Reyes Aquino- Folk-Dance Pioneer.

- Director of the Decade of the 1970s by the Catholic Mass Media

Awards.
Leonor Orosa Goquingco
- Tinibang Ka Ngunit Kulang, Maynila sa Kuko ng Liwanag, etc.
- "Mother of Philippine Theater Dance" and "Dean of Filipino Performing
Arts Critics”

Fernando Poe Jr.

Ronald Allan K. Poe, popularly known as Fernando Poe, Jr. Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula

- cultural icon of tremendous audience impact and cinema artist and - choreographer, dance educator and researcher.
craftsman-as actor, director, writer and producer.
- dance choreographed: Singkil, Vinta, Tagabili, etc.
- Batang Maynila, Ang Probisyano, etc.

Antonino Buenaventura
Fernando Amorsolo (National Artist for Visual Arts)
- joined Francisca Reyes-Aquino to conduct research on folksongs and
- "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art” dances that led to its popularization.

Abdulmari Asia Imao- sarimanok Ryan Cayabyab

- most accomplished composer, arranger, and musical director in the

Philippine music industry since this bloomed beginning 1970s.
Pre-historic Era - lavishly decorated - moving away from decorative arts
OVERVIEW OF ART HISTORY
- ancient civilizations

- natural environments (clay, rocks, etc.) Gothic Romaticism and Realism

- Mesopotamia: Iraq; carving stones - ornately designed cathedrals - removal from social and political influences

- Egypt; tombs and monument Renaissance

- Greece; architectural monuments, expert - rebirth; Michaelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael Realism

craftsmanship
- real life scenes; reality
- Rome; mythological subject
Baroque

- religious themes; social status Impressionism

Middle Ages
- dramatic biblical depictions; detailed - vivid colors
- classical to modern history clothing

- spreading of Christianity to Europe

Post-impressionism
Medieval Mannerism
- aggressive use of paint
- largely produced - elongated and dispropotionated figures
- Starry Night
- art created in the span of 1,000 yrs. Rococo

Byzantine - decorative arts; royal luxury

Modern Art Movement
- bible manuscripts

Neoclassicism
German Expressionism
Romanesque - to bring back classical elements (greeks and
romans) - “avant garde”; emotional experiences

PHILIPPINE ART

"We cannot define it because we cannot have a static answer to that," Philippine art expert Ramon N. Villegas said recently. adding that the "Filipino- ness"
of an artwork cannot be determined solely by referring to the artist's name or decoding his strokes or his subjects.

Is there a Filipino Soul? This insistence to create something relevant to one's nationality is not unique to the Philippines. ...sometimes, trying to find the
Filipino in certain Philippine art is like trying to milk a cow when the cow isn't a cow after all.

The question of Philippine art is a question of Philippine identity.

Philippine Identity

- the Filipino is a "work in progress"

"Kung ano ang pinanggalingan mo, ilagay mo sa canvass." - Vilroy Godoy Culzon

Brief Timeline of Philippine Art

• Pre-Colonial Period

- also known as Neolithic Period Art Nouveau Key Movements in PH Art

- has an alphabet: Baybayin - an architecture art design prominent and Baroque- extravagant imagery.
Western Europe.
- religious symbols and day to day activities.
- intricate linear designs and flowing curves.
- influenced by animistic or Islam based. Impressionism

- concerned with capturing the impression of

• Japanese Period light on objects and scenery.
Other Art Forms:
- suffering and hardships to the Filipinos - Emilio Aguilar Cruz and Andres Cristobal
Sculpture because of the war.
- Angono petroglyphs are believed to be the - deprivation of freedom of expression.
oldest known artworks in the Philippines. Surrealism
- influenced us poem style: Tanaga and Haiku
Weaving - depict the subconscious of the artist.

- weaving of fibers such as abaca. - Galo Ocampo

• Post-Colonial Period
The Okir- cultural heritage of the Maranao.
- Philippine Modern Art Era
Expressionism
- modern, conservative, and experimental
• Spanish Period public art. - use of geometric shapes and highly intense
colors.
- formal painting, sculpture, and
architecture. - Ang Kiukok
• Contemporary Period
- catholic-based work of arts.
- used to protest or express feelings.
Realism

2 Filipino Art Style that Developed through - represents nature the way it truly appears.
Spanish Period Philippine Contemporary Art (1980s-
Present) - Felipe Roxas and Fernando Amorsolo
1. Miniaturismo- embroidery and texture of
the costume. - on-set of the sudden rise of personal
computers and new technology created a
2. Letras y Figuras- letters with figures in Romanticism
new art medium.
everyday activity.
- emphasis on the senses and emotions.
Painting- religious and secular
- Juan Luna
Figurative Art
Byzantine Painting Style- Christian-based art
- derived from real object sources.
Neoclassicism
• American Period
- emphasis on symmetry, order, and
Conceptual Art
- educational and values formation. simplicity.
- the idea is more important than the object.
- Jackson Pollock
- installations, 3D, assemblages

Social Realism

- socio-political issues; aim to affect social

change.

CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PH

Contemporary Art - focuses on the message to the audience

- art of today - diverse array of materials

- reflex complex issues - style not bounded by any rule standard

- allows filipino artist to portray the subject and medium in an innovative

and skillful ways.
7 Major Con Art Forms in the PH
- revolves around the artist's feelings
Film
- technological translation of theater. • Father of Modern Filipino Sculpture- Napoleon Abueva

• Father of PH Film & "Founder of PH movies" • Father of PH painting- Juan Luna

- Jose Nepomuceno • Province of Juan Luna- Ilocos Norte

Visual Arts • Correct spelling of Luna's painting- Spoliarium

- became boulder and more serious.

- focuses on freedom of expression and concern to people. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF PH ART

Literature • Malliarium- "true work of art can speak for itself."

- collection of written works Abstract Expressionism - post WWII art movement in American painting.

Music Kinetic Arts- contains movement perceivable with the viewers.

- art form that appeals the sense of hearing. Op Art- an abstract art that gives illusion of movement by the use of
pattern and color.
- composed by combining notes into harmony.
Environmental Art- encompasses historical approach to nature in art.
Dance
Feminist Art- refers to the efforts and accomplishments of feminists.
- art of the human body.
Minimalism- eliminates all non essential forms.
Architecture
Video Arts- moving pictures in a visual and audio medium.
- structure that meant to be used as a shelter.
Graffiti Art- applied by paint to buildings, public transport, or other
Theater property.
- art form of performance Body Art- art made on human body.
• Moro-moro/Comedia- earliest known form of organized theater in the
PH.
Types of Techniques

Collage- made by adhering flat elements such as newspaper, magazine,

Types of Visual Arts cut-outs, printed texts.
1. Collage- pasting different materials such as pictures and pieces of Decalcomania- applying gouache to paper or glass.
paper.
Decoupage- by adhering cut-outs paper then coating with transparent
2. Digi Art- technological arts. coating or varnish.
3. Graffiti- either serious, rude, political, humorous words or drawings Frottage- obtaining textural effects.
printed on public walls.
Montage- selecting, editing, and piecing together separate sections of
4. Print Making- creation of image on paper, fabric or plastic materials. film.
5. Mixed Media- made by combining two or more art medium. Trapunto- utilizes at least two layers producing a raised surface on the
quilt.
ADDTNL:

PH CONTEMPORARY PAINTERS - Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture

Ronald Ventura

- known for his dynamic melding of realism, cartoons, and graffiti. PH CONTEMPORARY SCULPTURE

Elmer Borlongan Napoleon Abueva

- known for his distinctive use of figurative expressionism. - Father of Philippine Modern Sculpture

- Pop Cola Kid, Hating Kapatid Abdulmari Imao

• Araneta Coliseum- built by Arch. Dominador Lacson and Eng. Leonardo - National Artist of the Philippines for Sculpture
Lugtu
- first Moro to receive the recognition; sarimanok

Ildefonso Santos
VARIOUS CON ART FORMS

Higantes of Angono Manunggul Jar

- sculpture made of paper-mache - secondary burial jar

ARTISTS AND ARTISANS

Production Process Production- process of creating the artwork.

Pre-production- exposure, research and other approaches to get the Post-production - circulating in art industry but in public view
idea before making the artwork.

Artists Artisans

- dedicated only to the creative side. - practices a trade or handicrafts.

- making visually pleasing work. - engage in activity related to creating art, practicing, and demonstrating
art.
- creates indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value.
- for practical and functional use.

- produces directly functional and decorative arts.

The Artisans and the Guild • Museum- a public and non-commercial institution curating an
exhibition program.
Guild- association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of
their craft. • Gallery- a private and commercial enterprise.

Artisan- skilled worker who makes things by hands.

• Craftsman and builders do not have sophisticated terminologies but MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE
they had a sense on how materials behave.
Medium

- mode of expression in which the concept, idea, or message is conveyed.

THE ARTIST AND HIS STUDIO
- materials used by an artist.
Studio(atelier)- personal space for the artist.

Bottega- where the work is usually happened.

Technique
Studiolo- kind of a study room.
- the manner in which artist controls his medium.

- the artist's way to manipulate his medium.

The Paris Salon- only major art show in France

MATERIALS USED IN PAINTING

PLAYERS IN THE WORLD OF ART
Watercolor- difficult to handle but invites brilliance and variety of hues.
• Artist- person who creates art.
Gouache- an opaque watercolor painting.
Management and Operation in Museum
Fresco- pigments are mixed with water and applied on a wet plaster.
• Directors- oversees the work of other designers.
Tempera- pigments mixed with egg yolk.
• Asst. Directors- coordinating visual projects and managing junior staffs.
Pastel- stick of dried paste made of pigment round with chalk.
• Curator- a person who organizes and arranges showing of art.
Encaustic- used by Egyptians for painted portrait on mummy cases;
• Buyers- assessed in survey the artwork that collectors are interested in. painting wax colors fixed with heat.

• Collectors- someone who appreciates art but knows art. Oil- most expensive.

• Dealers- the ones who direct hand is a distribution and circulation of Acrylic- used by modern painters; only thinner used is water.
the artwork.
MATERIALS USED IN DRAWING Metal- can be cast, cut, drilled, etc.

Pencil- common medium Plaster- compose of lime, sand, water; for mannequins, models, etc.

Pen and Ink Clay- possesses little strength intention.

- oldest medium; great variety of qualities Glass- hard, brittle, transparent.

- brown pigment extracted from the soot of wood. Wood- easier to carve; lighter and softer.

Crayons- bound by wax and compressed into painted sticks. Terra Cotta- brownish red clay; baked and used for making pots.

Charcoal- carbonaceous materials obtained by heating wood.

Silverpoint- silver stylus that produce a thin grayish line. BASIC SCULPTURE TECHNIQUES

Carving- cutting/chipping away a shape from wood.

MATERIALS USED IN SCULPTURE Modeling- built using armature then shape to create a form.

Stone- hard and brittle substance from mineral and earth material. Casting- producing a form from a clay or wax model.

Ivory- from tusk of elephant. Assembling/Fabrication- putting together different materials.

AWARDS AND CITATIONS - administered by the National Commission Fernando Amorsolo- first recipient
for Culture and Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural
Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Ordeal of Center of the Philippines (CCP) conferred by
National Artists) the president of the Philippines.
- highest national recognition given to
Filipino individuals.

FAMOUS PERSONALITIES OF ART AND THEIR

WORK

Leonardo Da Vinci - The Two Fridas

- "He who thinks little, errs much." Wyn Wyn Ong

- Last Supper, Mona Lisa Edvard Munch - family of women who collects jewelries.

- "From my rooting body, flowers shall grow

and i am in them and that is eternity."
Vincent Van Gogh Kenneth Cobonpue
- The Scream, The Day After
- "I dream of painting and then I paint my -unique designs and natural materials
dream." through innovative handmade production.

- Starry Night, Sunflowers Pablo Picasso

Ipinadala mo Tina Maristela-Ocampo

Michael Angelo - " Every child is an artist. The problem is - pillar of modeling in the country.
how to remain an artist once he grows up."
- "Genius is eternal patience."
- Guernica, Dove of Peace
- David, Creation of Adam

FAMOUS ARTIST IN THE PH

Claude Monet

- "The richness I achieve comes from nature,

the source of my inspiration." Fernando Amorsolo

- Water Lilies - popular for his mastery in the use of light.

Frida Kahlo Jose Jaya

- "I never paint dreams or nightmares, I paint - abstract expressionist; known for his
my own reality." technique: drip, impasto strokes.