7 What are the ways of controlling
flooding in China?
A How can the flooding problem in China be eased?
Textbook pp. 61–5 Total: / 12 marks
1 Figure 1 shows a farming method. How does this method help ease the flooding
problem? (1 mark)
Figure 1
1 It prevents soil erosion. 3 It reduces the overland flow.
2 It holds water in the soil.
A 1 and 2 only C 2 and 3 only
B 1 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3
2 Figure 2 shows Flood control measure A. Which of the following descriptions
about the measure is/are correct? (1 mark)
Flood control
measure A
Figure 2
1 It raises the river bed. 3 It increases the holding capacity
2 It regulates the flow of river. of river channels.
A 2 only C 1 and 2 only
B 3 only D 1 and 3 only
30
What are the ways of controlling flooding in China? 7
3 Complete Figure 3 to show how afforestation helps reduce the risk of flooding.
(7 marks)
Afforestation
More tree roots hold ( more / less ) soil
increases
Soil decreases
on the river bed decreases
decreases
Holding capacity of river channel
( increases / decreases )
Amount of river flow
( increases / decreases )
Risk of flooding decreases
Figure 3
4 Match the ways of easing flooding in Column A with appropriate examples in Column B.
Put the numbers in the brackets. ( There is more than one example for each way.) (3 marks)
Column A Column B
a Regulating river flow ( ) ① Dredging river channels
b Increasing the holding ( ) ② Building dams and reservoirs
capacity of river channels ③ Stopping grazing on steep slopes
④ Building dykes along the river channels
⑤ Prohibiting reclamation of land from
lakes
⑥ Giving up farmland and fish ponds
reclaimed from lakes
31
7 What are the ways of controlling flooding in China?
B Is large-scale flood control project a good solution?
Textbook pp. 66–7 Total: / 18 marks
Figure 4 shows the location and the photograph of Structure P in China. Figure 5 shows
the situations before and after the construction of the structure.
Structure P
0 650 km
Figure 4
Before
Sea
After
Structure P
Sea
Figure 5 (Not drawn to scale)
1 Refer to Figure 4.
a What is the main purpose of Structure P? (1 mark)
32
What are the ways of controlling flooding in China? 7
b Explain how Structure P can achieve the purpose mentioned above. (4 marks)
c Besides the advantage mentioned in 1(a), explain other advantages of Structure P
regarding economic and environmental aspects. (2 marks)
2 a Refer to Figure 5. Complete Figure 6 to explain the disadvantages of Structure P
regarding its impacts on farmers and fishermen. (7 marks)
Construction of Structure P
from upstream Fish cannot to
is trapped behind the structure the upstream areas for breeding
Lower soil in ( Larger / Smaller ) number of fish
the downstream areas available
( More / Less ) farm production ( More / Less ) fish catch
Adversely affect the of farmers and fishermen
Figure 6
b Besides the disadvantages mentioned above, explain other disadvantages of
Structure P regarding economic and social aspects. (4 marks)
33
7 What are the ways of controlling flooding in China?
C What are the differences between the MDCs and the LDCs
in tackling the problem of flooding?
Textbook pp. 68–73 Total: / 26 marks
1 Which of the following are the human factors leading to the occurrence of flooding
in Bangladesh? (1 mark)
1 Deforestation
2 Rapid population growth
3 Rapid urban development
A 1 and 2 only
B 1 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3
2 Figure 7 shows a map of Bangladesh. Fill in the blanks in the figure to show the
physical causes of flooding in Bangladesh. (6 marks)
intensifies the melting of snow
Heavy rain brought about
by
aputra River
ahm N
and Br
in summer
India
er
Bangladesh
Ri v
Ga
na
ng
es
gh
R ive
Me
r
1°
23 —
2 N Dhaka
relief Coastal land is
easily flooded when
Height of land (m)
10 and
0
River
Capital push
Bay of Bengal
International 0 70 km seawater onshore
boundary
Figure 7
34
What are the ways of controlling flooding in China? 7
3 Fill in the blanks in Figure 8 to show some measures for tackling flooding in
Bangladesh. (4 marks)
materials from Setting up a flood
a c
the river bed system
No
development
in
Controlling Building houses on
b d
coastal areas
Figure 8
4 Figure 9 shows the relief map of the UK and a water problem occurring in Place X.
Figure 10 shows a flood control measure in Place X. Table 1 (p. 36) shows some
information about Bangladesh in 2020.
Height of land (m)
N
200
0
North Sea
United
Kingdom
Republic
of Ireland
Atlantic Ocean Place X
0 140 km
Figure 9 Figure 10
35
7 What are the ways of controlling flooding in China?
Table 1
Bangladesh Global average
1
GDP per capita (2020) US$1,969 US$10,919
2
Literacy rate of people aged 15
75% 87%
and above (2020)
3
Index of corruption (0–100,
26
0 means highly corruption) (2020)
Source: 1World Bank; 2CEIC; 3Tranparency International
a Refer to Figure 9 on p. 35.
i Identify the water problem occurring in Place X. (1 mark)
ii Explain the factor that contributes to the water problem in Place X. Support
your answer with evidence from the figure. (2 marks)
b Refer to Figure 10 on p. 35.
i Identify the flood control measure shown. (1 mark)
ii How can the measure identified above reduce the damage caused by the
water problem in Place X? (1 mark)
c Refer to Figure 10 on p. 35 and Table 1. Explain the constraints for Bangladesh
to adopt a similar measure for flood prevention. Support your answers with
evidence. (10 marks)
Constraint Evidence
Economic development is The GDP per capita in Bangladesh
in Bangladesh. The country does not have was US$1,969 in 2020, which was
enough and resources to only about of the
adopt a similar measure global average
Bangladesh does not have the
and highly-educated to
develop and adopt a similar measure
The of the government
in Bangladesh is low. This hinders the
development of a similar measure
36
