Second Quarter

NEWTON’S LAWS
OF MOTION
Miss Nice S. Ricaña
 INTRODUCTION
Classical physics is defined as the system of
theories about the physical world that emphasizes
cause and effect relationships, enabling predictions
of future behavior based on present conditions. It
includes foundational laws of motion and
gravitation established by Isaac Newton.
- Science Direct
Let’s Ponder!

How can laws of motion be used in developing

a written report plan and implement a
“Newton’s Olympic?”
PRE-ASSESSMENT
 Instructions: Tell FACT if the given statement is
correct and BLUFF if it is wrong.

1. Inertia is the acceleration of an object that

expresses a change in its state of rest or uniform
motion.
 Instructions: Tell FACT if the given statement is
correct and BLUFF if it is wrong.

1. Inertia is the acceleration of an object that

expresses a change in its state of rest or uniform
motion.

BLUFF
Instructions: Tell FACT if the given statement is
correct and BLUFF if it is wrong.

2. Mass is the amount of matter present in an

object.
Instructions: Tell FACT if the given statement is
correct and BLUFF if it is wrong.

2. Mass is the amount of matter present in an

object.

FACT
Instructions: Tell FACT if the given statement is
correct and BLUFF if it is wrong.

3. Equilibrium is the condition where there is a

change in the state of motion of a body.
Instructions: Tell FACT if the given statement is
correct and BLUFF if it is wrong.

3. Equilibrium is the condition where there is a

change in the state of motion of a body.

BLUFF
Instructions: Tell FACT if the given statement is
correct and BLUFF if it is wrong.

4. An object with no net force acting on it is said

to be translational equilibrium.
Instructions: Tell FACT if the given statement is
correct and BLUFF if it is wrong.

4. An object with no net force acting on it is said

to be translational equilibrium.

FACT
Instructions: Tell FACT if the given statement is
correct and BLUFF if it is wrong.

5. Weight is the gravitational attraction between

the earth and any object on its surface.
Instructions: Tell FACT if the given statement is
correct and BLUFF if it is wrong.

5. Weight is the gravitational attraction between

the earth and any object on its surface.

FACT
 MAP OF CONCEPTUAL CHANGE
Know Wonder How
(What do you think you (What do you wonder (How will I find out
already know about about Newton’s laws of about Newton’s laws
Newton’s laws of motion? Write your of motion?)
motion?) question below.)
✓ Have you experienced riding a fast-moving
vehicle like a bus or a car?
✓ How did the buildings, houses, posts trees, and
other things appear as the vehicle you were
riding passed by? Did they appear like they are
the ones moving rather than the vehicle you were
riding?
✓ What is the relationship between these situations
and the laws of motion?
✓ What makes it fall to the ground?
✓ Do you believe that all objects thrown
upward go down?
✓ What causes this object to fall?
✓ What is force?
✓ How is it related to motion?
Where did his idea come from?
Sir Isaac Newton got his idea on the laws of
motion from the theories of Aristotle and
Galileo.
 ❖ According to Aristotle – an object cannot
undergo violent motion without something that
causes it to move as it does. He further asserted
that object with greater mass has greater
acceleration due to gravity than the lighter object.
Thus, heavier objects reach the ground first.
❖ According to Galileo – an object will continue to
move with constant velocity if no external force
acts to affect its motion. He disapproved
Aristotle’s theory and demonstrated that
regardless of the different masses of matter, all
bodies will reach the ground at the same time.
Thus, acceleration due to gravity is constant.
 Apart from gravity, Newton also explained
how the balance of forces affect an object's
movement.
• When forces are balanced, the object
will remain in its state of motion
(either at rest or in constant motion)

• But when the forces are unbalanced,

the object will either speed up, slow
down, or change its direction.
 Prior to Newton’s time Galileo had already worked
with the idea of acceleration. He could not only
guess about time since precise clocks had not yet
been invented. Therefore, he rolled metal balls down
to smooth ramps. Since he noticed how a ball
showed when rolling across the floor, he concluded
that friction was the cause. Thus, friction was
responsible for the idea that objects in motion
naturally come to rest. But “rest” is just one kind of
constant velocity.
 Stay Or Move On Continuously!
The First Law of Motion/Law of Inertia states that
“Every object continues to remain at rest or in
uniform motion in a straight line unless a force
acts on it to change its state”.

Because of Inertia the following is observed:

 INERTIA

A passenger tends
to move forward
when the car
suddenly stops.
 INERTIA

Car turns left and you

appear to slide to the
right.
 INERTIA

Difficulty in pushing
a dead car.
 INERTIA

When riding a horse,

the horse suddenly
stops, and you fly
over its head.
 INERTIA

A space satellite
orbiting the Earth
 Processing Questions:
▪ Why do passengers lean backward when the
car suddenly moves from rest?

▪ Why do we resist the motion if someone tries

to change your natural state?
 Processing Questions:
▪ Can you keep the arrangement of the set
dishes on the table if you immediately pulled the
tablecloth?

▪ How does a traveling object move once all the

forces on it are balanced?
Why don’t things just move at
a constant speed in a straight
line forever then on Earth?
 INERTIA
Inertia is the
resistance an
object has to a
change in its state
of rest or uniform
motion.
 INERTIA
According to Newton's first law of motion, any
object moving at constant velocity has no net
external force acting upon it, which means that
the sum of the forces acting on the object must
be zero.
 What is Inertia of Rest?
Things don’t like to start moving unless you make
them.

Inertia of Rest — Object stays still unless moved.

Example: A book on a table won’t move unless

pushed.
 What is Inertia of Motion?
Things that are moving want to keep moving —
unless something stops them.

Inertia of Motion — Object in motion stays in

motion.

Example: A ball rolling keeps rolling unless

something slows it.
 What is Inertia of Direction?
Things want to keep going in the same direction
unless something forces them to change.

Inertia of Direction — Object keeps moving in the

same direction.

Example: A car turning quickly makes you lean

sideways.
UNIFORM MOTION
Uniform motion is
a motion in a
straight path when
there is neither
change in speed
nor direction.
The mass of an object is the measure of its
inertia, so all objects possess inertia. The
greater the mass of an object, the greater
the inertia.

But what is mass?

 Mass is the amount of matter present in an
object. It never changes wherever the object is
transferred.

Unlike mass, weight is the gravitational

attraction between the earth and any object on
its surface.
 Activity 1.2: Let’s Interact!
The Newton’s Third Examples:
Law of Motion/Law • Gases from rocket engines drive
of Interaction states the rocket forward.
that, “for every • Take a step forward.
action, there is an • In swimming, the arms pushed the
equal but opposite water causing the swimmer to
reaction”. move forward.
• Applying force by the hammer on
the nail head.
Activity 1.3: What is action and reaction
force?
Think-Pair-Share: The students are expected to
describe the law of interaction and determine
the action and reaction force given the
following situations.
Activity 1.3: What is action and reaction
force?
1. A person sitting in a rolling chair pushes against a
wall and rolls backward.
Activity 1.3: What is action and reaction
force?
1. A person sitting in a rolling chair pushes against a
wall and rolls backward.

Action: Person pushes on the wall.

Reaction: Wall pushes back on the person, causing
the chair to roll
Activity 1.3: What is action and reaction
force?
2. A fish swims forward by pushing water backward
with its fins, but the water does not push back.
Activity 1.3: What is action and reaction
force?
2. A fish swims forward by pushing water backward
with its fins, but the water does not push back.

Action: Fish pushes water backward.

Reaction: Water pushes fish forward.
Activity 1.3: What is action and reaction
force?
3. A rocket launches upward because hot gases are
pushed downward out of the engine.
Activity 1.3: What is action and reaction
force?
3. A rocket launches upward because hot gases are
pushed downward out of the engine.

Action: Rocket pushes gases downward.

Reaction: Gases push rocket upward.
Activity 1.3: What is action and reaction
force?
4. You drop a ball on the floor, and the floor exerts
no force back on the ball.
Activity 1.3: What is action and reaction
force?
4. You drop a ball on the floor, and the floor exerts
no force back on the ball.

Action: Ball exerts force on the floor.

Reaction: Floor exerts equal force back on the ball
(causing it to bounce).
Activity 1.3: What is action and reaction
force?
5. A horse pulls a cart forward, and the cart pulls
back on the horse with equal force, so the horse
cannot move.
Activity 1.3: What is action and reaction
force?
5. A horse pulls a cart forward, and the cart pulls
back on the horse with equal force, so the horse
cannot move.

Action: Horse pulls on the cart.

Reaction: Cart pulls back on the horse.
 Activity 1.4: What is Friction?
The resistance of force that one surface or object
encounters when moving over one another, slowing
or preventing an object’s motion between two
surfaces.
 Types of Friction
Static friction is the resistive force that prevents
two surfaces from sliding relative to each other
when they are at rest. Its magnitude varies,
equaling the applied force up to a maximum limit,
after which the object will begin to move.
 Types of Friction
Sliding friction is the force that resists the motion
when two solid surfaces slide against each other.
Also known as kinetic friction, it acts in the direction
opposite to the relative movement between the
surfaces.
 Types of Friction
Rolling friction, or rolling resistance, is the force
that opposes the motion of a rolling object, such as
a wheel or ball, across a surface. It is caused by the
elastic deformation of the rolling object and the
surface it contacts, and it is generally much weaker
than sliding friction.
 Types of Friction
Fluid friction, also known as viscosity, is the
resistance to motion that occurs between a fluid
(liquid or gas) and another medium, or within the
fluid itself when its layers move relative to each
other. It's the force that opposes movement
through a fluid or the internal shearing of the fluid.
Laboratory Activity 1: Against All Odds
Objectives:
1. Determine the starting friction for different
materials.
2. Determine the effect of lubricants on friction.
Refer to ELTS Laboratory Manual pp. 37-40
 Activity 2.1: Prove Me Zero!
The Newton’s Second Law of Motion/Law of
Acceleration states that, “the acceleration of an
object with constant mass is proportional to the
net force action on it and is in the same
direction of the net force”.
 Newton’s Second Law is a
relation between the net force ෍ 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂
(F) acting on a mass (m) and its
acceleration (a).

This is a vector relation; If working in two dimensions,

this equation implies both of the following:

෍ 𝑭𝒙 = 𝒎𝒂𝒙 ෍ 𝑭𝒚 = 𝒎𝒂𝒚
Derivation of Formulas:
Force: 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂
𝑭
Mass: 𝒎 =
𝒂
𝑭
Acceleration: 𝒂 =
𝒎
Force is directly proportional to mass and
acceleration, and mass is inversely proportional to
acceleration.
 𝒎
The unit of force must be 𝒌𝒈. 𝟐 , which is abbreviated
𝒔
as 1 Newton.

A smaller unit of force is the dyne. A force of 1 dyne will

give a 1 gram body an acceleration of 𝟏 𝒄𝒎/𝒔 𝟐

−𝟓
𝟏 𝒅𝒚𝒏𝒆 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒅𝒚𝒏𝒆𝒔
For all masses near the earth’s surface, the earth
exerts a downward gravitational force is known
as the weight of the mass and has a magnitude
given by

𝑾 = 𝒎𝒈
For all masses near the earth’s surface, the earth
exerts a downward gravitational force is known
as the weight of the mass and has a magnitude
given by

𝑾 = 𝒎𝒈
 Activity 2.1: Prove Me Zero!
The Newton’s Second Law of Motion/Law of
Acceleration states that, “the acceleration of an
object with constant mass is proportional to the
net force action on it and is in the same
direction of the net force”.
 𝒎
The unit of force must be 𝒌𝒈. 𝟐 , which is abbreviated
𝒔
as 1 Newton.

A smaller unit of force is the dyne. A force of 1 dyne will

give a 1 gram body an acceleration of 𝟏 𝒄𝒎/𝒔 𝟐

−𝟓
𝟏 𝒅𝒚𝒏𝒆 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒅𝒚𝒏𝒆𝒔