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Section 4 - Networking Essentials

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3 views51 pages

Section 4 - Networking Essentials

Uploaded by

Tom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NETWORKING BASICS

ESSENTIAL NETWORKING BASICS


NETWORKING BASICS
NETWORKING BASICS
IP ADDRESS
IP ADDRESS

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
IP ADDRESS

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1

IPv4 - 32-bit
IP ADDRESS

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1

IPv4 - 32-bit -> 4B


IP ADDRESS

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1

IPv4 - 32-bit -> 4B


IPv6 - 128-bit
IP ADDRESS

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1

IPv4 - 32-bit -> 4B


IPv6 - 128-bit -> 340T
192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1

IP HEADER
Version: 4
IHL: 5 (indicating a 20-byte header)
Total Length: 100 bytes (Header + Data)
Time to Live: 64
Protocol: 6 (TCP)
Header Checksum: 0x8A2ESource
IP Address: 192.168.1.1
Destination IP Address: 172.16.254.1
192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1

IP HEADER
Version: 4
IHL: 5 (indicating a 20-byte header)
Total Length: 100 bytes (Header + Data)
Time to Live: 64
Protocol: 6 (TCP)
Header Checksum: 0x8A2ESource
IP Address: 192.168.1.1
Destination IP Address: 172.16.254.1
INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1

IP HEADER
Version: 4
IHL: 5 (indicating a 20-byte header)
Total Length: 100 bytes (Header + Data)
Time to Live: 64
Protocol: 6 (TCP)
Header Checksum: 0x8A2ESource
IP Address: 192.168.1.1
Destination IP Address: 172.16.254.1
INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)
set of rules that defines how data is sent and received

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1

IP HEADER
Version: 4
IHL: 5 (indicating a 20-byte header)
Total Length: 100 bytes (Header + Data)
Time to Live: 64
Protocol: 6 (TCP)
Header Checksum: 0x8A2ESource
IP Address: 192.168.1.1
Destination IP Address: 172.16.254.1
APPLICATION LAYER

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
APPLICATION LAYER

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1

APPLICATION LAYER (HTTP DATA)


HTTP Method: GET
URI: /example-page.html
Host: www.example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows ...)
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9
TRANSPORT LAYER
TRANSPORT LAYER

TCP UDP
(Transmission Control Protocol) (User Datagram Protocol)
TCP
(TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL)

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
TCP
(TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL)

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1

TCP HEADER
Source Port: 53728
Destination Port: 80
Sequence Number: 123456789
Acknowledgment Number: 987654321
Flags: 0x18 (ACK, PSH)
Checksum: 0x1A2B
TCP

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
TCP HEADER
Source Port: 53728
Destination Port: 80
Sequence Number: 123456789
Acknowledgment Number: 987654321
Flags: 0x18 (ACK, PSH)
Checksum: 0x1A2B
TCP

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
TCP HEADER
Source Port: 53728
Destination Port: 80
Sequence Number: 123456789
Acknowledgment Number: 987654321
Flags: 0x18 (ACK, PSH)
Checksum: 0x1A2B
TCP

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
TCP HEADER
Source Port: 53728
Destination Port: 80
Sequence Number: 123456789
Acknowledgment Number: 987654321
Flags: 0x18 (ACK, PSH)
Checksum: 0x1A2B
TCP

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
TCP HEADER
Source Port: 53728
Destination Port: 80
Sequence Number: 123456789
Acknowledgment Number: 987654321
Flags: 0x18 (ACK, PSH)
Checksum: 0x1A2B
TCP

SYN

SYN + ACK

192.168.1.1 ACK 172.16.254.1

3-way handshake
UDP
(USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL)

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
UDP
(USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL)

SYN

SYN + ACK

192.168.1.1 ACK 172.16.254.1


UDP
(USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL)

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
UDP
(USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL)

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
UDP
(USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL)

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
DNS
(DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
DNS
(DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
DNS
(DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)

youtube.com 192.168.5.1

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
DNS
(DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)

youtube.com

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
DNS -> ICANN
(INTERNET CORPORATION FOR ASSIGNED NAMES AND NUMBERS)

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
A Record: Maps a domain name to an IPv4 address

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
AAAA Record: Maps a domain name to an IPv6 address
A Record: Maps a domain name to an IPv4 address

192.168.1.1 172.16.254.1
NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE

Public IP address 172.16.254.1

Private IP address 172.16.254.1


NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE

Static IP address Dynamic IP address


172.16.254.1 172.16.254.1
192.168.1.1
NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE

Local Area Network (LAN)


NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE

Local Area Network (LAN)

Firewall
monitoring and controlling
incoming and outgoing network
traffic based on security policies
NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE
NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE

PORTS

HTTP - 80
HTTPS - 443
SSH - 22
MYSQL - 3306
SIMPLIFIED LAYER DIAGRAM
HTTP, FTP, SMTP
DNS
Application Layer Ports (80, 21, 25)
Application Data

TCP (Reliable, 3-way Handshake)


Transport Layer (Sequence Numbers, Acknowledgments)
UDP (Faster, Unreliable)

IP (IPv4/IPv6)
Internet Layer IP Address (Public/Private, Static/Dynamic)
(Routing, IP Header)

Link (Network) Ethernet | MAC Address | Switches

Physical Hardware Computers, Routers, Firewalls, LANs

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