NOTE MAKING FOR CLASS XI
FORMAT:
Heading
1. Sub Heading
1.1 Point
1.2 Point
1.3 Point
1.3.1 Sub – point
1.3.2 Sub – point
1.4 Point
2. Sub Heading
2.1 Point
2.2 Point
3. Sub Heading
3.1 Point
3.2 Point
3.2.1 Sub – point
3.2.2 Sub – point
3.3 Point
Key:
Abbr. – abbreviation
Fmly. – family
Engg. - engineer
TIPS TO PREPARE NOTES FOR GIVEN PASSAGE:
1. Read the given passage carefully
2. Heading of each paragraph is the main idea related to sub – headings.
3. The title / heading should be written in the middle of the page.
4. Any number of sub – headings can be included under one heading depending on the concept.
5. Number of Points can be created under sub – headings.
6. Number of sub – points also can be created under points if required.
7. Not necessary to write points under every sub – heading.
8. All sub – headings should be at a uniform distance from the margin.
9. Indenting – Points should also be at the same distance away from the margin.
10. Do not write complete sentences.
11. Abbreviations should be used.
12. Use standard abbreviations and symbols as for as possible.
HOW TO CREATE OWN ABBREVIATION:
Keep the main sounds of the words: edn (education), progm. (programme) etc.
It is a good practice to keep the first few and the last letters of the word such as
Education – edu’n, developing – dev’ing, educational – ed’nal, progressive – prog’ve.
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER:
Do not get overenthusiastic about abbreviations.
You should not abbreviate every word.
One abbreviation in one point is enough.
As a general rule, the heading should not be abbreviated.
You may use abbreviations in subheadings.
TIPS TO WRITE SUMMARY IN 80 WORDS:
1. Usually we use Present tense.
2. Take care about word limit, it should not exceed.
3. Coherency should be included. (coherent ideas)
4. Make sure not to give your ideas, opinions or logic.
5. Reread the summary to check whether it gives the author’s ideas and key points.
6. Again finally revise your summary to check grammatical errors.
Example: Passage
Despite all the research every one of us catches cold and most of us catch it frequently. Our failure to
control one of the commonest of all ailments sometimes seems ridiculous. Medical science regularly
practises transplant surgery and has rid whole countries of such killing diseases as Typhus and the Plague.
But the problem of common cold is unusually difficult and much has yet to be done to solve it. It is known
that a cold is caused by one of a number of viral infections that affect the lining of the nose and other
passages leading to the lungs but the confusing variety of viruses makes study and remedy very difficult.
It was shown in 1960 that many typical colds in adults are caused by one or the other of a family of viruses
known as rhinoviruses, yet there still remain many colds for which no virus has as yet been isolated.
There is also the difficulty that because they are so much smaller than the bacteria which cause
many other infections, viruses cannot be seen with ordinary microscopes. Nor can they be
cultivated easily in the bacteriologist’s laboratory, since they only grow within the living cells of
animals or plants. An important recent step forward, however, is the development of the
technique of tissue culture, in which bits of animal tissue are enabled to go on living and to
multiply independently of the body. This has greatly aided virus research and has led to the
discovery of a large number of viruses. Their existence had previously been not only unknown
but even unsuspected.
The fact that we can catch a cold repeatedly creates another difficulty. Usually, a virus strikes
only once and leaves the victim immune to further attacks. Still, we do not gain immunity from
colds. Why? It may possibly be due to the fact that while other viruses get into the bloodstream
where anti-bodies can oppose them, the viruses causing cold attack cells only on the surface. Or
it may be that immunity from one of the many different viruses does not guarantee protection
from all the others. It seems, therefore, that we are likely to have to suffer colds for some time
yet.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it in points only,
using abbreviations, wherever necessary. Also, suggest a suitable title. [5]
Title: No Control over Common Cold Notes:
1. How to control com. cold:
1.1 No cure to control it
1.2 Cure avail, for Typhus & Plague
1.3 Prob. of com. cold not yet solved
2. Reasons for cold:
2.1 It is a viral infec. that affects nose-lining
2.2 Caused by fmly. of viruses called Rhinoviruses
2.3 For certain colds no viruses hv yet bn isolated
3. Prob. of identifying viruses:
3.1 Smaller than bacteria so can’t be seen with ordinary microscopes
3.2 Cannot be easily cultivated in bacteriologists lab. v grow within the living cells of
plants & animals.
4. Div. of tissue culture aided by:
4.1 bits of animal tissue go on living
4.2 multiply independently off the body
4.3 has led to the discovery of large no. of viruses
4.4 their existence previously unknown and unsuspected
5. No imm. from cold:
5.1 viruses causing cold attacks only on surface & not bloodstream
5.2 cannot be opposed by anti-bodies
5.3 imm. from one virus doesn’t guarantee protection from all
5.4 you hv to suffer from cold for some more time
List of Abbreviations
Eff.–effective bn – been
com.–common lab. – laboratory
&–and V – because
avail.–available Dev. – development
prob. – problem no. – number
infec.–infection fm – from
fmly. – family imm. – immunity
hv – have
(b) Write a summary of the passage in not more than 80 words using the notes made. [3]
Summary:
Despite having the cure to killing diseases like Typhus and Plague it seems ridiculous that
medical science has not done much yet to solve the problem of common cold. This is
because the study of viruses remains confusing as they cannot be seen with ordinary
microscopes. Now with the development of the technique of tissue culture a large
number of viruses have been discovered whose existence was earlier unknown. We keep
catching cold and never become immune to it because the viruses causing cold attack
only on the surface unlike other viruses that get into the bloodstream and so can be
opposed by anti-bodies.
