Chapter – 10

Percentages
1. Write these fractions in their simplest form

a. 24/40
GCD of 24 and 40 is 8
(24÷8)/(40÷8)=3/5

b. 25/30
GCD of 25 and 30 is 5
(25÷5)/(30÷5)=5/6

c. 36/27
GCD of 36 and 27 is 9
(36÷9)/(27÷9)=4/3

d. 60/180
GCD of 60 and 180 is 60
(60÷60)/(180÷60)=1/3

2. Write these fractions as decimals

a. 5/8=0.625

b. 8/5=1.6

3. Work out

a. 1/5×45=9

b. 3/8×24=9

4. Find
a. 25% of 120 people
(25/100)×120=30

b. 60% of $60
(60/100)×60=36

10.1 Fractions, decimals and percentages

1. Understanding Percentages as Fractions

a. Show that 70/100 in its simplest form is 7/10:

Divide both numerator and denominator by 10:

(70÷10)/(100÷10)=7/10

✅ Correct

The denominator of 7/10 is:

✅ 10

b.

 70% as a fraction in its simplest form has 10 as its denominator:

70%=70/100=7/10
✅ Denominator = 10
 25% = 1/4 so the denominator is:
✅4
 What other denominators can you get when writing whole-number
percentages as simplified fractions?
Examples:
 50% = 1/2 → denominator = 2
 75% = 3/4 → denominator = 4
 20% = 1/5 → denominator = 5
 80% = 4/5 → denominator = 5
 12.5% = 1/8 → denominator = 8
  66.6...% = 2/3 → denominator = 3

✅ You can get many different denominators such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 20, 25, etc.

2. Write these percentages as fractions in simplest form

a. 60% = 60/100=3/5
b. 61% = 61/100 (Already simplest)
c. 62% = 62/100=31/50
d. 64% = 64/100=16/25
e. 65% = 65/100=13/20
f. 70% = 70/100=7/10

3. Joshua writes 0.3 = 3%

a. Explain why this is incorrect

Joshua wrote 0.3 (which is 30%) and said it’s 3% — this is incorrect.

 0.3 = 30%
 3% = 0.03
✅ So 0.3 ≠ 3%

b. Write 3% correctly as a decimal and a fraction

 Decimal: 3%=3/100=0.03
 Fraction: 3/100

4. Write these percentages as decimals and as fractions

% Decimal Fraction (simplified)

40% 0.4 2/5
4% 0.04 1/25
9% 0.09 9/100
90% 0.9 9/10
5% 0.05 1/20
Question 5: Write these fractions as percentages

To convert a fraction to a percentage, multiply by 100.

a. 1/4=1/4×100=25%

b. 2/5=2/5×100=40%

c. 4/5=4/5×100=80%

d. 7/50=7/50×100=14%

e. 7/20=7/20×100=35%

f. 7/25=7/25×100=28%

Question 6: Working with shapes

Shape 1 has 8 squares in total.

a. Pink part of Shape 1

 3 pink squares
 Fraction = 3/10
 Decimal = 3÷10=0.3
 Percentage = 0.3×100=30%

b. Blue part of Shape 1

 2 blue squares
 Fraction = 2/5
 Decimal = 0.4
 Percentage = 40%
Shape 2 has 25 squares in total.

c. Pink part of Shape 2

 12 pink squares
 Fraction = 12/25
 Decimal = 12÷25=0.48
 Percentage = 48%

d. Blue part of Shape 2

 4 blue squares
 Fraction = 4/25
 Decimal = 0.16
 Percentage = 16%

e. Area of shape 1 = 45 cm². Work out the shaded pink area.

Fraction pink = 3/10

So:

3/10×45=135/10=13.5 cm2

✅ Pink area = 13.5 cm²

f. Area of shape 2 = 75 cm². Work out the blue area.

Fraction blue = 4/25

4/25×75=12 cm2

✅ Blue area = 12 cm²

Bottom Activity: Sorting Percentages, Fractions and Decimals into Five
Groups

We match equivalents:

Group 1 (4% group)

 4%
 0.04
 1/25

Group 2 (6% group)

 6%
 0.06
 3/50

Group 3 (60% group)

 60%
 0.6
 3/5

Group 4 (30% group)

 30%
 0.3
 3/10

Group 5 (0.4 group)

 0.4
 40%
 2/5

Question 8: Think like a mathematician

We know:

 3/4=75%
a. Find more fractions with a numerator of 3 where the percentage is a whole
number:

We are looking for fractions like 3/x that equal a whole % when converted.

Convert:

3/x×100=whole number

Try:

 3/4=75% ✅
 3/5=60% ✅
 3/6=50% ✅
 3/10=30% ✅
 3/12=25%✅
 3/20=15%✅
 3/25=12% ✅
 3/100=3%✅

b. Share and reflect.

Students are encouraged to try different strategies (e.g., listing multiples of 3 or
dividing 3 by denominators where result ×100 gives a whole number).

c. If you use a different numerator (e.g. 2 or 4), the method still works—multiply
the fraction by 100 and check if result is whole.

Question 9: Work out each fraction of 60 grams

a. 1/2×60=30g
b. 3/4×60=45g
c. 4/5×60=48g
d. 7/10×60=42g
e. 11/20×60=33g
Question 10: Work out

a.

 50% of $300 = 0.5×300=$150

 20% of $300 = 0.2×300=$60
 30% of $300 = 0.3×300=$90
 15% of $300 = 0.15×300=$45

Question 11:

a. Complete the diagram

The diagram shows a number line or bar model. Already given:

 25%=10m
 50%=20m
 20%=8m
 10% = 4 m

b. Add your own percentage lines (e.g.):

 40% = 16 m
 75% = 30 m
 70% = 28 m

Question 12:

a. 60% of $70:
Use double of 30%:
2×21=42
✅ 60% of $70 = $42
b. Other results from 30%:
a. 15% = half of 30% = 21/2=10.5
b. 90% = 3×30%=3×21=63
Question 13:

a.
Write ¼ as a percentage:
1/4×100=25%

b.
Use the result above:

 1/4=25%
 So 1/8=25%/2=12.5%

c.
Find equivalent percentages for other fractions with denominator 8:

 2/8=1/4=25%
 3/8=37.5%
 4/8=12=50%
 5/8=62.5%
 6/8=75%
 7/8=87.5%
 8/8=100%

10.2 Percentages large and small

Question 1: Percentages ending in .5 as fractions

Examples of percentages ending in .5:

 12.5% → 12.5/100=125/1000=1/8
 37.5% → 375/1000=3/8
 62.5% → 625/1000=5/8
 87.5% → 875/1000=7/8

Smallest denominator: 8
Largest denominator: 8 (since all fractions reduced to eighths)
Question 2: Convert percentages to decimals and simplest fractions

a. 7.5%

 Decimal: 0.075
 Fraction: 75/1000=3/40

b. 62.5%

 Decimal: 0.625
 Fraction: 625/1000=5/8

c. 1.5%

 Decimal: 0.015
 Fraction: 15/1000=3/200

d. 47.5%

 Decimal: 0.475
 Fraction: 475/1000=19/40

e. 32.5%

 Decimal: 0.325
 Fraction: 325/1000=13/40

Question 3: Complete the table

$ $ $ $
100% $80 $300 $90 $64
50% $40 $150 $45 $32
5% $4 $15 $4.50 $3.20
0.5% $0.40 $1.50 $0.45 $0.32
  50% of $80 = $40
 50% of $300 = $150
 5% of $80 = $4
 5% of $300 = $15
 0.5% of $80 = $0.40
 0.5% of $300 = $1.50

Note: For $3.20 (original table value), that would be 4% of $80, not 0.5%.

Question 4: Write percentages as fractions in simplest form

a. 2% → 2/100=1/50

b. 0.2% → 0.2/100=2/1000=1/500

c. 8% → 8/100=2/25

d. 0.8% → 8/1000=2/250=1/125

e. 7% → 7/100 (already simplest form)

f. 0.7% → 7/1000 (already simplest form)

Question 5: Work out

i. 1% of 600 = 6kg
ii. 1.5% of 600 = 1.5/100×600=9kg
iii. 3.5% of 600 = 3.5/100×600=21kg
iv. 2.2% of 600 = 2.2/100×600=13.2kg

b. It’s useful to find 1% first because other percentages (like 2%, 1.5%, etc.) are
easy multiples of 1%.

Question 6

a. 1% of 7000 = 70
b.
i. 2% = 2 × 70 = 140 m
ii. 0.5% = 0.5 × 70 = 35 m
iii. 0.1% = 0.1 × 70 = 7 m
iv. 0.3% = 0.3 × 70 = 21 m

Question 7

1.3% of $7500 = 1.3/100×7500 = $97.50

Question 8

a. 1/3 of 100 = 33.3 (repeating)

b. Write 1/3 as a percentage:

= 1/3×100=33.3‾%

c. Zara rounded to the nearest whole number (33%).

d. Arun included the recurring decimal part (33.3%).

e. 2/3 ⇒2/3×100=66.6‾%

Question 9: Mixed numbers as percentages

a. 1 1/2=3/2×100=150%
b. 1 1/4 =5/4×100=125%
c. 1 ¾=7/4×100=175%
d. 1 3/10 =13/10×100=130%
e. 1 7/10=17/10 × 100 =170 %
f. 2 ¼ = 9/4 × 100 = 225%
Question 10

a. 1/5 × 100 %=20%

b. i. 1 1/5 =6/5×100=120%
ii. 1 3/5=8/5×100=160%
iii. 1 4/5×100=9/5×100=180%
iv. 2 3/5=13/5×100=260%

Question 11

a. 30% of $60 = $18

b. See above method
c. Already shown
d. 170% (same as before)

Question 12

a. $40 is what % of $50?

→ 40/50×100=80%

b. $50 is what % of $40?

→ 50/40×100=125%

Question 13

Total flour = 500g

Used = 200g + 120g = 320g
a. Bread = 200/500×100=40%
b. Biscuits = 120/500×100=24%
c. Not used = 180/500×100=36%

Question 14

Office: 25/40=62.5%
Factory: 8/40=20%
Workshop: 7/40=17.5%
Question 15

Total = $250
a. Tax = 95/250×100=38%
b. Left = $250 - 95 - 65 = $90
→ 90/250×100=36%

Question 16

a. Increase = 200% of $40 = $80

New price = $40 + $80 = $120
b. The new price is 3 times the original

Page 3

Question 17

Original mass = 5 kg
a. i. 300% of 5 = 15 kg
ii. New mass = 5 + 15 = 20 kg
b. New mass is 4 times the original

Question 18

a. Original price = 100%

Increase = 5%
New price = 100% + 5% = 105%
b. Original price = 100%
Increase = 80%
New price = 100% + 80% = 180%

Question 19

200/125×100=160%
So the answer is not a whole number; it’s 160%
Question 20

135% of $40 = 135/100×40=54

Methods:

 Multiply directly as decimal: 1.35 × 40 = 54

 Find 100% = 40, then 35% = 14 → total = 40 + 14 = 54
 10% = 4, 1% = 0.4, then build up

(Check Your Progress)

Question 1

a. 70% = 70/100=7/10
b. 9% = 0.09
c. 5/8×100=62.5%
d. 1 1/20=21/20×100=105%

Question 2

a. 115% of $30 = 1.15×30=34.50

b. 190% of $6 = 1.9×6=11.40

Question 3

a. 103% of $45 = 1.03×45=46.35

b. 0.3% of $450 = 0.3/100×450=1.35

Question 4: Complete the table

100% 30 2500 800 48
120% 36 3000 960 57.6
12.5 3.75 312.5 100 6
%
0.5% 0.15 12.5 4 0.24
Additional Tasks

 80% of 65:
→ 10% = 6.5
→ 80% = 6.5 × 8 = 52
 0.2% of 2000:
→ 0.2/100×2000=4

Two methods:

1. Multiply 0.2/100 × 2000

2. Find 1% = 20, then 0.2% = 20 ÷ 5 = 4

Question 5

Total = 80

Used = 12

give to other= 60
a. 60/80=75%
b. Left = 8 → 8/80=10%

Question 6

Increase by 400%
Original = 1
Increase = 4 × 1 = 4
New total = 5
So company has multiplied by 5